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Unit
1
PART
Ⅱ
FOCUS
Denotation and Connotation
Suggested answer to the
question
If
it
is
your
teacher,
most
probably
you
will
choose
b,
as
the
word
portly
has
an
implication
of
a
more
or
less
dignified
and
imposing
appearance(e.g.
an
elderly
gentleman, large and portly). However,
if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged
woman, you may choose the word plump as
it implies a pleasing fullness of figure
(e.g.
the
plump
goddesses
of
Renaissance
paintings).
From
this
exercise
we
can
conclude
that
words
that
share
the
same
denotative
meanings
can
be
diverse
in
their connotative
meanings.
Reference for the
Classroom Activities
1.
father: the
male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it
also connotes
protection but in a
serious fashion.
wildflower:
uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and
pleasantness.
2.
Word
Denotation
Connotation
Sentence
gold
a precious yellow metal
wealth,
value,
Silence is
gold.
preciousness, etc
moon
the
natural
body
that
tranquility,
purity,
There
’
s
no
point
moves
around the
earth
something
out
of
hoping for peace in
the
country.
It
’
s like asking
once every 28 days
reach, etc.
for the
moon.
ice
water frozen so that it has
coldness,
The ice in his voice
become solid
indifference,
cruelty,
was only
to hide the
death, etc.
pain.
blood
red liquid flowing through
family background,
Blood is
thicker
than
the bodies
of
humans and
descent,
race,
water.
animals
temperament, etc.
2.
a. In the West, every male person has
the good qualities of males, such as bravery,
spirit, and toughness.
b.
Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman,
such as frailty and delicacy.
Attitude
Reference for the Classroom
Activities
Favorable
Neutral
Unfavorable
unique, quaint
strange
bizarre,
abnormal
resolute,
steadfast
stubborn,
dogged
pigheaded
lick one
’
s
boots
compliment
(v.)
praise, commend,
flatter
senior
citizen
old
person
fossil
bachelor girl
single woman
spinster
2. a.
unique b. pigheaded
c.
flattered d. fossil
e.
spinster
Collocation
Suggested answers to the
exercise
a.
do somebody a favor
b.
do somebody
good
c.
make a
gesture
d.
do
evil
e.
do harm
1 / 5
1.
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f.
make an effort
Reference for
the Classroom Activities
1.
1) D 2) D 3) A
4) B 5) C 6) C 7) B
False
Friends
Suggested answers to
the question
The
misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms
or false friends
—
flour or
flower, ground (as the past participle
of the verbgrind) and ground (meaning the solid
surface of the earth). In this excerpt,
the use of false friends adds a humorous effect
to the text.
Reference for the Classroom
Activities
1.
The false friends are lie meaning to
keep one
’
sbody in a flat
position, and
lie meaning to say
something dishonest.
2.
a. Your fever rose yesterday.
b.
That racket is
bad enough to make Aunt
Ella
’
s eyebrowsraised.
c.
Jack has
beenlying around all day.
d.
The soldiers laid aside their weapons.
e.
A heavy foglay
over the land.
f.
White stationery is always appropriate.
g.
Is that
tablestationary, or can it be moved to another
corner of the room?
h.
It is easier to talk about aprinciple
than to live by it.
i.
Our principal played on the faculty
football team against the school
all-
stars.
3.
Some other false friends:
fair vs. fare
It
’
snot fair to put all the
blame on him.
Bus fares are
going up again.
passedvs.
past
I passed the landlady
on the stairs this morning.
Several boys went past us on mountain
bikes.
intense vs.
intensive
She suddenly felt
an intense pain in her stomach.
He took an intensive course on
English.
farther vs.
further
The
fog
’
s so thick; I
can
’
tsee farther than about
five meters.
Every day she
thinks further and further into
depression.
PART III
GARMMAR
Subject-Verb
Agreement
When the subject
is compound
Reference for
the Classroom Activities
Summary
1.
A compound
subject with and takes a plural verb in most
cases, but when it
expresses a singular
meaning or when each of the singular subjects is
considered individually, it takes a
singular verb.
2.
After a compound subject with or, nor,
either
?
or,
neither
?
nor,
not
?
but, the
verb
agrees in number and person with the nearer part
of the subject.
3.
Intervening phrases or clauses not
introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not
affect the number of a verb. Such
phrases are normally introduced by
prepositions or prepositions or
prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much
as, rather than, along with, in
addition to, together with, with, plus, and
including .
2 / 5
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