-
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)
规则变化
?
一般在动词原形后加
-ed
look
-
looked
-
looked
call
-
called
-
called
open
-
opened
-
opened
need
-
needed
-
needed
<
/p>
①
-ed
在清辅音音素后发音为〔
t
〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔
d
〕,在元音后发音也为
[d]
②
-ed
在
t
、
d
后发音为
[id]
③但
fix
的过去式
和过去分词
x
不双写,为
fixed<
/p>
.
?
以<
/p>
-e
结尾的动词加
-d
move
-
moved
-
moved
phone
-
phoned
-
phoned
hope
-
hoped
-
hoped
agree
-
agreed
-
agreed
?
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词,变
y
为
i
,再加
-ed
study
-
studied
-
studied
carry
-
carried
-
carried
try
-
tried
-
tried
?
以元音字母加
y
结尾的词,直接加
-ed
play
-
played
-
played
enjoy
-
enjoyed
-
enjoyed
stay
-
stayed
-
stayed
?
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音
节词,双写该辅音字母,再加
-ed
stop
-
stopped
-
stopped
plan
-
planned
-
planned
fit
-
fitted
-
fitted
?
以
-r<
/p>
结尾的词,双写
r
字母,
再加
-ed
prefer
-
preferred
-
preferred
refer
-
referred
-
referred
2)
不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为
五种情况。
1
.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut
(切)
,
hit
(打)
< br>,
cast
(扔),
hurt<
/p>
(伤害),
put
(放)
,
let
(让)
shut
(关)
,
cost
(花费)
,
set
(放)
,
rid
(清除)
1
2
.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find
(找到)
--found,
found
lend
(借出)
--lent,
lent
lose
(丢失)
--lost,
lost
lead
(引导)
--led,
led
pay
(支付)
--paid,
paid
leave
(离开)
--left,
left
keep
(保持)
--kept,
kept
sit
(坐)
--sat,
sat
meet
(遇见)
--met,
met
teach
(教)
--taught,
taught
win
(赢)
--won, won
3
.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
come
(来)
--came--come
run
(跑)
--ran--run
become
< br>(成为)
--became--become
4
.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
give
(给)
-
gave
-
given
drink
(喝)-
drank
-
drunk
go
(去)
-
went
-
gone
wear
(穿)
-
wore
-
worn
fly
(飞)
-
flew
-
flown
see
(看见)-
saw
-
seen
know
(知道)
-
knew
-
known
speak
(说)
-
spoke
-
spoken
5
.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
burn
(燃烧)
-- burned
/burnt -- burned /burnt
learn
(学习)
--
learned /learnt --learned /learnt
smell
(闻)
--
smelled /smelt --smelled /smelt
spell
(拼写)
-- spelled /spelt --
spelled /spelt
shine
(照射)
--
shined /shone --shined /shone
leap
(跳)
-- leaped /leapt --leaped
/leapt
提示
?
beat
的过去式与原形同形:
p>
比:
beat
(打击)
--beat
(过去式)
--beaten
(过去分词)
?
lie
有
规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
lie---lied---lied
说谎
lie---lay--- lain <
/p>
躺下
,
位于
,<
/p>
平放
lay---laid---laid
放置
,
下蛋
?
hang
有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
hang
—
hanged--
hanged
(处绞刑)
hang
—
hung--
hung(
挂,吊
)
?
welcome
< br>(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
<
/p>
比:
welcome
—
< br>welcomed--welcomed
?
不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:
hit
(打)
--hit--hit
(正)
2