-
一
般
过
去
时
讲
解
与
练
习
定义
表示的是:某个动作作发生在过
去的时间里,并且这个动作已经完成了。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:
last year, yesterday
等;也可表示过去经常反复发
生的动作,常和
often,
always
等频率副词连用。
一、巧记一般过去时:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;
be
用
p>
was
或用
were, have, ha
s
变
had
;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加
-ed
,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后
didn’t
添;
< br>
疑问句也不难,
did
p>
放在主语前;
不含
be
动词时
如果谓语之前有
did
,谓语动词需还原;
动词若是
was, were,
p>
否定就把
not
添。
含
be
动词时
疑问句也不难,要把
was
,
were
放在主语前。
be
的一般过去时:学习动词
be
的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌
p>
握动词
be
的一般过去时。
be
的过去时有四巧:
一是时间状语巧,
表示过去的短语要记牢;
二是形
式巧,单数
was
,复数
were
p>
;
三巧是否定句结构,
not
紧跟
was
/
were
;
四是疑
问句式巧,
was
/
were
向前跑
(
提前
)
。
【一巧】时间
状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去
的
一些时间状语连用。
1.
y
esterday
或以其构成的短语
:
yesterday morning(afternoon,
evening)
等;
2.
由
“
last+
一时
间名词
”
构成的短语:
last
night, last year (winter, month,
week)
等;
3.
由
“
时间段
+ago
”
构成的短语:
a moment ago,
a short time ago, an hour
ago
等;
4.
其它:
just
now
等
5.
由某些表示
过去时态的从句
等。
【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是
第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语
动词用
was
;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用
were
。
例如:
I was in the
classroom yesterday morning
.
昨天早上我在教室里。
1
He was at school last
Tuesday
.
上周二他在学校。
They were over
there a moment ago
.
刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结
构巧。与动词
be
的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加
not
即可变成否定句,并且
was, wer
e
与
not
可以缩写成
wasn't, weren't
。即:
主语
+
wasn't
/
weren't
+
表语
+
其他。例如:
I was not
(
=
wasn't) here
yesterday
.
昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not
(
=
weren't) at home last
Sunday
.
上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】
疑问句式巧。把
was,
were
提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:
Was(Were)
+
主语
+表语
+
其他?这恰巧与动词
be
的一般现在时
的疑问句式相似。例
如:
Were you at home the day before
yesterday
﹖
前天你在家吗?
Was
she late this
morning
﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用
“Yes,
主语+
was
/
we
re
.
”
;
否定回
答用
“No,
主语+
wasn't
p>
/
weren't
.
”
。
例如:
—
Were Wei Hua
and Han Mei here just now
﹖
刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?
—
Yes, they
were
.
(No, they
weren't
.
)
是的,她们在。
(不,她们不在。
)
一般过去时主要是通过谓语动词的
变化来表示的。英语中每种时态都要求谓语动词进行相应的变化。
在一般过去时里,要求
谓语动词用动词“过去式”
。
原形动
词变为过去式,可以概括为两类:一类是规则的变化,另一类是不规则的变化。
1.
规则变化的动词过去式
规则变化的动词过去式
(1)
在词尾加
ed
或
d
英语中大部分动词过去式都是规
则变化的,即在动词后加上
ed
;如果结尾字母是不发音的
p>
e
,则只要加上
一个
d
就行了。例如:
work-
worked
clean-cleaned
play-played
decide-decided
live-lived
love-loved
(2)
以
辅音字母
+y
结尾的,变
y
为
i
加
ed
study-studied
hurry-
hurried
carry-carried
(3)
以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母再加
ed
stop-stopped
drop-
dropped
2.
不规则变化的动词过去式
不规则变化是指过去式不能加
ed
,用另外一
个词来表示。这样的不规则过去式也有很多,只有靠一个一个
去记忆了。例如:
is/am-was
are-were
have/has-
had
shall-should
will-
would
can-could
may- might
go-went
come-came
take-took
2
sit-sat
say-said
get-got
swim-swam
run-ran
write-wrote
sing-sang
tell-told
speak-spoke
begin-began
break-broke
不规则变化中,还有少数词的过去式与原形动词完成相同;
re
ad
的过去式只是读音改变了。例如:
cut-cut
put-put
let-let
read-read
[red]
keep-kept
feel-
felt
sleep-slept sweep-swept
build-built
lend-lent
send-sent
spend-spent
ring-rang
sit-sat
drink-drank
sing-sang
swim-swam
think-thought
buy-bought
bring-brought
fight-fought
teach-taught
catch-caught
know-knew
grow-grew
throw-threw
draw-drew
3.
规则动词过去式的读音
在清辅音
[p] [k] [f] [s]
< br>等后,
ed
要读
[t]
。例如:
worked, finished
在元音或浊辅音
[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]
p>
等后,
ed
要读
[
d]
。例如:
lived, called
< br>在
[t]
或
[d]
后,
ed
读
[id]
。例如:
started
,
< br>needed
一般过去时
-
疑问句型
过去时的一般疑问句可以分为两类。
/ were,
它们的一般疑问句是将
was / were,
移到主语前面,否定句是直接在它们后面加上
not
。
例如:
He was very busy last
Friday.
He wasn't very busy last
Friday.
Was he very busy
last Friday? Yes, he was. / No, he
wasn
’
t
2.
实义动词
实义动词过去式的一般疑问句,是在主语前加上
did
;否定句是在谓语动词前加上
did
not
,并将谓语动词
改为动词原形。请注意
:过去时不分人称和单复数,都是加
did
或
< br>did not
。
例如:
Li Ming
studied English this morning.
Did Li
Ming study English this
morning
?
Yes, he did. /No, he
didn't.
Li Ming didn't study English
this morning.
We often played badminton
together.
Did you play badminton
together? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
We didn't play badminton together.
其次,
had
作为实义动词的话,加
did
或
did not.
例如:
They had a
meeting last Friday.
Did they have a
meeting last Friday? Yes, they did. No, they
didn't.
They didn't have a meeting last
Friday.
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