-
2019
高考英语概要写作技巧讲解
一、考点分析
（一）考查内容：
1
、
考查读懂文章内容的能力
2
、
考查识别作者写作目的的能力
3
、
考查归纳总结的能力
4
、
考查组织文章的能力
（二）评分要点
?
?
?
?
1
）字数
50
左右
2
）理解准确，涵盖全部要点
3
）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇
4
）完全使用自己的语言
5
）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结
构紧凑
?
二、专题详解
定义：
It is a
brief, thorough and objective restatement of the
main idea and key points of a longer
composition.
读者在正确理解文章的基础上
,
在不改变原文中心思想、
体裁和结构
的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法
Step 1.
确定体裁，明确主题
Step 2.
明确文章结构
（总
< br>-
分，总
-
分
< br>-
总，分
-
总，并列）
Step 3.
划主题句与关键信息
Step 4.
写纲要，打草稿
Step 5.
润色成文
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1
页
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17
页
1)
找准体裁，提炼要点
按体裁
①
保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容
②
删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳
总结例子的过程、作用和结
记叙文
，主要信息应包括：
When?
Where?
Who?
What?
Why?
How(
时间先后顺序
/
事情发展顺序
)?
Result
议论文
，
作者
的观点
。
作者
如何论证自己的观点的
(
举例证明的，
归纳总结
例证的内容和作用
)
结构①：原文
【总
-
分
/
总
-
分
-
总
（末段与首段观点相同）
】
→
【总
-
分】
结构②：原文
【总
< br>-
分
-
总（末段与首段观点相反
）
】
2)
语言：同义词
&
词组替换；句式简化；
句子重构
→【总
-
< br>分
-
总（加衔接词表转折关系）
】
①
同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语
（例
improve=promote, of great importance =
greatly important
）
②
句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，
定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；
）
③
句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词
、形容词转换）
、时态、语态（主动变被动）等
3)
衔接（替换；省略；增加）
：表逻辑关系的连接词
替换：
并列关系
and,
moreover, furthermore, in addition,
转折关系
but,
instead, however, on the other hand
省略：
并列观点有时可省略连接词
;
记叙文可省略衔接词。
增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词
firstly…,
secondly…, finally…;
and…,
moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead,
however,
例（一）
Chris is not a
traditional explorer(
探险者
).
Yet his job can sometimes
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be just as exciting and
dangerous as being an explorer.
体裁：记叙文
Chris
works for MSF, an organization also known as
Doctors Without
Who,
Borders (
无国界医生
).
MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to
help
people
after
a
war
or
a
disaster.
Chris
is
a
doctor
from
France
who
has
travelled to many plates
to organize programs that help people.
What – his job
At
the
moment,
there
are
27,000
trained
medical
staff
taking
part
in
MSF tasks.
The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize.
All kinds of
doctors
can
volunteer
for
MSF.
They
need
to
be
prepared
to
go
almost
anywhere in the world and of course
doctors with experience in tropical
(
热
带
) diseases are
especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in
Africa.
When doctors completed a few
tasks, they might be sent on an emergency
where
task
following a disaster such as an
earthquake.
But why would a
doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary
to
join
MSF? According
to
Chris,
the
experience
you
gain
is
a
great
help
in
open
mind
and
learn
to
mix
well
with
the
people
you
meet.
Most
importantly,
at
the
end
of
each
task,
you
have
made
a
real
difference
to
people’s
lives.
What,
your career. Besides, just like the
explorers of the past, you need to keep an
Why:
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页
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Summary:
Chris, whose job is exciting and
dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s
doctors need to be ready to go
almost
anywhere in the world and might be sent on an
emergency task. Christ thinks his job is
meaningful/helpful
and he gains a lot.
（同义词转换）
People
who
live
in
the
countryside
generally
live
longer
than
those
体裁：议论文
who live in the city. A number of
reasons may help explain this point.
To
start
with,
farmers
are
in
close
contact
with
nature.
They
breathe
fresh
air.
They
make
friends
with
trees
and
stones,
cows
and
dogs.
They
nature is good for the
health of both body and spirit.
Next,
hard
physical
work
keeps
farmers
fit
and
healthy.
It
is
widely
believed
that
farmers
suffer
from
far
less
diseases
than
people
in
the
city.
There
are
many
diseases
that
are
common
in
the
city,
but
not
in
the
countryside.
For
example,
near
-
sightedness
is
almost
unknown
to
farmers.
Besides, being free from urban pressure
does good to the health of farmers.
Moreover,
because
there
are
less
cars,
motorcars
and
other
kinds
of
vehicles in the
countryside, one can walk more freely without
being afraid
of accidents. The
environment is better in the countryside, which
makes the
farmers live a quiet and
peaceful life.
结构：总分
listen to the songs of birds. They
fight with strong winds. This contact with
作者观点：
论点
①
论点
②
论点
③
论点
④
论点
⑤
The farmers can also get
fresh grain, vegetables, fruits and milk easily.
They enjoy these advantages
that people living in the city cannot.
总结句，呼应观点
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Summary
：
People from
countryside generally live longer than city people
because they enjoy many advantages such as
close with nature, physical work, being
free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet
and peaceful environment,
fresh food,
etc.
（句式改变）
Farmers
use
different
kinds
of
soil
conservation
methods
to
protect
体裁：说明文
their land
from damage by farming and the forces of nature.
One important
form of soil conservation
is the use of windbreaks
(
防风林
).
Windbreaks
are
barriers
formed
by
trees
and
other
plants
with
many
leaves. Farmers plant
them in lines around their fields. Windbreaks stop
the
wind from blowing soil away. They
also keep the wind from destroying or
damaging crops. They are very important
for growing grains, such as wheat.
There have been studies done on
windbreaks in parts of West Africa. It
is
found
that
grain
harvests
can
be
20%
higher
in
fields
protected
by
windbreaks compared to fields without
such protection.
说明对象：
Windbreak
①
目的、用途
②
构成
However, windbreaks seem to work best
when they allow a little wind
to pass
through. If the wall of trees and plants stops
wind completely, then
violent air
movements will take place close to the ground.
These movements
will
lift
soil
into
the
air
where
it
will
be
blown
away.
For
this
reason,
a
windbreak is best if it has only 60% to
80% of the trees and plants needed to
form a solid line.
An easy role to remember is that
windbreaks can protect areas up to ten
times
the
height
of
the
tallest
trees
in
the
windbreaks.
There
should
be
at
least
two
lines
in
each
windbreak.
One
line
should
be
large
trees.
The
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页
③
功能，作用
（
2
个）
④
注意事项
second line,
right next to it, can be shorter trees and other
plants with leaves.
Locally
grown trees and plants are best for
windbreaks.
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Keys:
Windbreak,
which is formed by trees and other plants, is used
by farmers to protect their land from damage by
farming
and
the
forces
of
the
nature.
Windbreak
can
protect
the
crops
and
help
improve
grain
production.
However,
windbreak should be planted properly to work its
best.
练习
实战练习（一）
One hot
night last August, I tried everything I could
think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him
fall
into sleep, but he just couldn’t
do it. Since I believed that a long night was
waiting for me ahead, I had no choice
but to bring a TV into his room to kill
off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the
moment I turned on the TV
,
the
baby
became
quiet
right
away
and
fixed
his
little
eyes
brightly
on
the
screen.
Not
willing
to
waste
an
opportunity for sleep, I
then tiptoed(
用脚失走）
out of the
room, leaving him to watch the boring TV
programs.
I heard no more of
the baby’s crying that night and the next morning
when I went into his room, I found him
still watching TV by himself. I found
there was a metaphor (
暗喻
) in
my baby’s behavior for the new generation.
When
I
gave
my
boy
some
books
to
go
over,
he
only
spit
upon
them;
when
I
read
to
him,
he
did
not
feel
comfortable. So is it in the schools
with my students. I find that our students don’t
read and they look down upon
reading
and make light of those of us who teach it. All
they want to do is to watch TV. After this
experience with
the
baby,
however,
I
have
drawn
a
conclusion:
“Let
them
watch
it!”
If
television
is
much
more
attractive
to
children than books, why should we
fight against it? Let them watch what they want!
第
6
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17
页
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Summary
：
The writer tried everything to make her
baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when
she turned on the TV,
the
baby
kept
quiet
himself. Then
she
found
that
her
students
liked
watching TV
as
much
as
her
baby.
So
the
writer suggested that we
should let children watch what they
want.
实战练习（二）
More and more people like bicycling and
it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for
the environment.
Maybe that’s why there
are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars
on roads worldwide today.
Bikes
can
take
you
almost
anywhere,
and
there
is
no
oil
cost!
Get
on
a
bicycle
and
ride
around
your
neighbourhood. You may
discover something new all around you. Stopping
and getting off a bike is easier than
stopping
and
getting
out
of
your
car.
You
can
bike
to
work
and
benefit
from
the
enjoyable
exercise
without
polluting the
environment. You don’t even have to ride all the
way.
Folding bikes work well
for people who take the train. Just fold the bike
and take it with you. You can do the
same on an airplane. A folding bike can
be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a
common bike with you when
you fly. But
be sure to look for information by getting on
airline websites. Not all airlines are
bicycle
-
friendly to
travelers.
Health
Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart
diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight.
A
15
-
minute
bike
ride
to
and
from
work
three
times
a
week
bums
off
five
kilos
of
fat
in
a
year.
Bicycling
can
improve
your
mood.
Exercise
like
bicycling
has
been
shown
to
make
people
feel
better,
more
relaxed
and
self
-
confident.
Bicycling is healthier than driving.
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Summary:
Many people like bicycling because it’s
fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy
to stop and get
off. Sometimes folding
bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a
train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot
of health benefits.
强化练习
练习（一）
Understanding body language is
important to success, whether in the business
world or in our personal lives.
However, some of our ideas about body
language are wrong, according to modern
communication research.
There is a belief that people with
shifty(
变化的
) eyes are
probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we
asked
people
how
they
could
tell
if
someone
was
lying,
too
much
blinking(
眨眼
)
and
shifty
eyes
were
the
answers.” Ekman goes on to argue
against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of
body language is probably
an expression
of nervousness, it is not always because the
person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make
people
shift their eyes. To understand
what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch
them carefully.
There is
also a belief that when meeting someone, the more
eye contact, the better. As a result people would
like
to
make
initial
(
开始的
)
contact
in
formal
situations,
like
a
job
interview,
by
staring
fixedly
at
the
other
human. Yet Ekman
points out that most of us are comfortable with
eye contact lasting a few
seconds
，
but any eye
contact that is longer than that cm
make us nervous.
In short,
you must carefully consider the speaker and the
speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless
you
know
about
someone’s
basic
communication
style,
you
will
have
little
hope
in
understanding
their
true
feelings through body
language. In other words, body language carries
important but not always true messages.
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