-
The United States of America
Part 1
The
Country and The American Identity
Common-sense Knowledge
1
、
全称
:
The
United States of America
(
美利坚合众国
)
2
、
简称
:
the
United States; the U.S.; America.
3
、
National
Anthem
:《星条旗永不落》
(
同时可以叫做国旗)
年被美国国会正式定为国歌。
4
、
National
Flower
:
Rose
5
、
Jet
lag
: About 16 hours (west of America),
and 13 hours (east of
America).
(了解)
6
、
The
Capital
: Washington D.C.
为纪
念美国国父乔治
-
华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布
Christophe
而定名
< br>7
、
绰号
:山姆大叔(
Uncle Sam
)
Location
1
、
Canada on the
north
;
Mexico and the Gulf
of Mexico on the south
;
Atlantic Ocean on the
east
;
Pacific Ocean on the
west.
2
、
The
largest country in the world
:
Russia
,
Canada
,
p>
China
,
America
,
brazil
,
Aus
tralia.
3
、
50
states in total
Alaska
—
the
largest
;
Rhode Island (
罗德岛州
)
—
the
smallest
;
Texas
(德
克萨斯州)
—
the largest on
the mainland
4
、著名
城市
Boston
是
Massachu
setts
马萨诸塞州的首府
5<
/p>
、
两边两座山,中间一条河。
The eastern
part
—
the highlands formed by
the Appalachian Range
(
阿巴拉挈亚山脉
).
The
western part
—
Rocky Mountains
(落基山)
—
the great
backbone of North America
The
Mississippi River
—
6
、
The Great
Lakes
(
1
)
Lake Michigan
密歇根湖
—
wholly within the United
States
唯一全在美国境内
(
2
)
Lake Erie
伊利湖和
Lake
Ontario
安大略湖
间有
Niagara
Falls
尼亚加拉大瀑布
(
3
)
Lake Superior
苏必利尔湖
—
世界上最大的淡水湖
(
4
)
无特色的
Lake Huron
休伦湖
Climate
1
、
Mainly
temperate with some mild subtropical zones with
only the southern Florida and Hawaii being
tropical.
大部分是温带大陆性气候。
2
、
The Northeast
东北部著名城市有
:
(
1
)
Boston
波士顿
(
2
)
New
York
纽约
:
①
Situated on three
islands
—
Manhattan
Island
(曼哈顿岛)
, Long
Island
(纽约长岛)
and Staten
Island
(斯塔顿岛)
at
the mouth of Hudson
River
(哈德逊河)
.
②
Five boroughs
—
p>
Manhattan
(曼哈顿)
,
Brooklyn
(布鲁克林)
,
Bronx
(布朗克斯)
,
Richmond
(里士满)
and
Queens
(纽约皇后区)
.
③
the headquarter of the
United Nations
(联合国总部)
④
The statue of liberty
自由女神像
The formal name is
3
、
The South
南部著名城市有
:
New Orleans(
新奥尔良
)
;
Miami
(迈阿密);
Atlanta
(亚特兰大)
4
、
The
Midwest
—
the birthplace of
the Republican Party
共和党的诞生地
中部著名城市有:
(
1
)
Chicago
—
the windy city; second most populous city
after New York
(
New
York
最多)
5
、
The West
西部著名城市有
:
(
1
)
San
Francisco
圣弗兰西斯科
/
旧
金山有
Golden Gate
Bridge
(金门大桥)
(
2
)
Los
Angels
洛杉矶有
Hollywood
< br>(好莱坞)位于
California
加州
The American Identity (People)
1
、
人口构成复杂
The White
75%
;
Native Indians &
Hawaiians 0.9%
(不到
1%
);
The Black
12%
;
The Asians
43%
;
Mixed Races 2.5%.
The United States is a nation of many
ethnic groups, making it a “
melting
pot
”
(大熔炉)
.
2
、
Uneven distribution
人口分布不均
东北多西南少
The most
densely populated region
—
the
northeastern part
The Great
Plains
—
a comparatively small
population
The
South
—
a population of almost
57.5 million people
The
West
—
not densely populated
3
、
Civil Rights Movement
民权运动
Martin
Luther King
—
“
I Have a
Dream
”
4
、
Hispanics
—
the
Spanish-speaking population of the United States
第二语言
Spanish
Three
major Hispanic groups: Mexican-
Americans
;
Puerto
Ricans
;
Cuban-Americans
Part 2 History
整理脉络:发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争——联邦政府的建立——
内战——西部大扩
张——两次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国
发现新大陆时期
:
1
、
Mount Rushmore
总统
山
/
拉什莫尔山,位于南达科他州。
2
、
哥伦布
Columbus
发现新大陆。
3
、
Name
的由来
: Ameriga
Vespucci
(阿美利歌
-
韦斯
普奇)
proved that the land was not India,
but a
new continent. Therefore, the
land was named America after him.
4
、
Native
Americans
—
the Indians
5
、
In
1565, the Spanish established the first permanent
European settlement (
移民地
) in
the continental
U.S. at St. Augustine,
Florida.
最早移民为西班牙人。
6
、
John Cabot was the first English
explorer to travel to the New World and claimed
the first piece of
land for England by
the end of the 15th century.
7
、
最早有
13
个殖民地。
1607-1733<
/p>
,英国在美国建立
13
个殖民地。
They were Virginia, Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York,
Rhode Island,
Maryland, North Carolina,
South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Georgia.
8
、
In 1620, A group of English
Puritans(
英国清教徒
), now known
as the Pilgrim Fathers
(清教徒先祖
/
朝拜者)
, landed at Cape
Cod
(科德角)
, near Boston, after
ailing in the small ship the Mayflower
“五月花号“
for months. Landed at
now known Plymouth, Massachusettes.
注意:“五月花号”
9
、
Thanksgiving Day
1863
年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在
1621
年。
殖民地时期:
1
、
北美十三个殖民地
2
、
The reasons of
Europeans
‘
coming to
America
(看下即可)
(1)
The need for increased trade;
(2) The
zeal of Spanish priests to convert the native
Indians to Christianity;
(3) The need
of European religious and political dissenters for
refuge from persecution in their
homelands;
(4) The thirst
for adventure of some individuals.
独立战争时期
The War of
Independence/ American
revolution
:
1
、
The
Causes
:
①
With
the development of economy, the people in the
colonies wanted more power to determine their
own
business
(自决权)
. But the
policy of the British government was to bring the
development under
control
(把经济发展控于股掌)
and collect more
taxes from the colonies.
②
The Boston Tea
Party(
波士顿茶叶事件
): In 1773,
several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians
boarded the ships of the British East
India Company
(登上英国东印度公司的船)
and threw the tea
into the harbor.
注意:
波士顿茶叶事件
The
Boston Tea Party
、
1773
年和英国东印度公司
the British East India
Company
2
、
The
Continental Congress
大陆会议
,中英文
会表达。
以下
表格很重要
。
Time
The First Continental
Congress
The Second
Continental Congress
1774
1775
Place
Philadelphia
费城
Philadelphia
费城
备注
与莱克星顿的枪声
The fire of Lexingto
n
同在
1775
年发生,时
隔三周。
3
、
In
September, 1783,
the Treaty of
Paris
巴黎条约
was
signed. Britain recognized the independence
of the United States.
注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。
联邦政府的建立时期
Establishment of a
federal form of government
:
领土扩张和西进运动时期
Territorial
expansion and the westward
Movement
:
1
、
Forced England
to give up the Old
Northwest
(迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区)
2
、
Purchased the
Louisiana
from Nepoleon.(1790’s)
向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州
(使得国土面积变身
原先
两倍)
3
、
Forced Spain to
cede Florida and the Gulf
coast
迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸
4
、
Texas added to
the Union(1845) 1845
年,德克萨斯加入联邦
(
1845
年之前,德克萨斯属于墨西
哥)
5
、
Obtained
California and New Mexico from Mexico by the war
with Mexico (1846-1848)
从墨西哥战
争
1846-4848
,得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。
6
、
The
Gadsden Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square miles
of Mexican land were added to the territory
of the U.S., in return, the U.S. paid
10 million dollars.1853
年的
“
p>
加滋登购地
”
中,又有
3
万平方英里
的墨西哥变成了美国领土,美国付了
1
千万美元的补偿。
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