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《英语国家概况》美国篇期末

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2021-02-12 19:36
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2021年2月12日发(作者:osmond)


The United States of America



Part 1



The Country and The American Identity



Common-sense Knowledge


1



全称



The United States of America (


美利坚合众国


)


2



简称



the United States; the U.S.; America.


3



National Anthem


:《星条旗永不落》



( 同时可以叫做国旗)



年被美国国会正式定为国歌。



4



National Flower



Rose


5



Jet lag


: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).


(了解)



6



The Capital


: Washington D.C.


为纪 念美国国父乔治


-


华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布

< p>
Christophe


而定名


< br>7



绰号


:山姆大叔(


Uncle Sam




Location


1



Canada on the north



Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south




Atlantic Ocean on the east



Pacific Ocean on the west.


2



The largest country in the world



Russia



Canada



China



America

< p>


brazil



Aus tralia.


3



50 states in total



Alaska



the largest



Rhode Island (

< p>
罗德岛州


)



the smallest



Texas


(德 克萨斯州)



the largest on


the mainland


4


、著名 城市


Boston



Massachu setts


马萨诸塞州的首府



5< /p>



两边两座山,中间一条河。



The eastern part



the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range (


阿巴拉挈亚山脉


).


The western part



Rocky Mountains


(落基山)



the great backbone of North America


The Mississippi River




6




The Great Lakes



1




Lake Michigan


密歇根湖



wholly within the United States


唯一全在美国境内




2




Lake Erie


伊利湖和


Lake Ontario


安大略湖


间有


Niagara Falls


尼亚加拉大瀑布




3




Lake Superior


苏必利尔湖


世界上最大的淡水湖




4




无特色的


Lake Huron


休伦湖



Climate


1



Mainly temperate with some mild subtropical zones with only the southern Florida and Hawaii being


tropical.


大部分是温带大陆性气候。



2



The Northeast


东北部著名城市有





1



Boston


波士顿




2



New York


纽约





Situated on three islands



Manhattan Island


(曼哈顿岛)


, Long Island


(纽约长岛)


and Staten


Island


(斯塔顿岛)


at the mouth of Hudson River


(哈德逊河)


.



Five boroughs



Manhattan


(曼哈顿)


, Brooklyn


(布鲁克林)


, Bronx


(布朗克斯)


, Richmond


(里士满)


and Queens


(纽约皇后区)


.



the headquarter of the United Nations


(联合国总部)




The statue of liberty


自由女神像


The formal name is


3



The South


南部著名城市有




New Orleans(


新奥尔良


)



Miami


(迈阿密);

< p>
Atlanta


(亚特兰大)



4




The Midwest



the birthplace of the Republican Party


共和党的诞生地



中部著名城市有:




1



Chicago



the windy city; second most populous city after New York



New York


最多)



5



The West


西部著名城市有





1



San Francisco


圣弗兰西斯科


/


旧 金山有


Golden Gate Bridge


(金门大桥)




2



Los Angels


洛杉矶有


Hollywood

< br>(好莱坞)位于


California


加州



The American Identity (People)


1




人口构成复杂



The White 75%



Native Indians & Hawaiians 0.9%


(不到


1%

);


The Black 12%



The Asians 43%



Mixed Races 2.5%.


The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “


melting pot



(大熔炉)


.


2




Uneven distribution


人口分布不均



东北多西南少



The most densely populated region



the northeastern part


The Great Plains



a comparatively small population


The South



a population of almost 57.5 million people


The West



not densely populated


3




Civil Rights Movement


民权运动



Martin Luther King





I Have a Dream




4


Hispanics



the Spanish-speaking population of the United States


第二语言


Spanish


Three major Hispanic groups: Mexican- Americans



Puerto Ricans



Cuban-Americans


Part 2 History



整理脉络:发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争——联邦政府的建立——


内战——西部大扩 张——两次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国



发现新大陆时期


:


1




Mount Rushmore



总统 山


/


拉什莫尔山,位于南达科他州。



2




哥伦布


Columbus


发现新大陆。



3




Name


的由来


: Ameriga Vespucci


(阿美利歌


-


韦斯 普奇)


proved that the land was not India, but a


new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him.


4




Native Americans



the Indians


5




In 1565, the Spanish established the first permanent European settlement (


移民地


) in the continental


U.S. at St. Augustine, Florida.


最早移民为西班牙人。



6




John Cabot was the first English explorer to travel to the New World and claimed the first piece of


land for England by the end of the 15th century.


7




最早有


13


个殖民地。


1607-1733< /p>


,英国在美国建立


13


个殖民地。



They were Virginia, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island,


Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georgia.


8




In 1620, A group of English Puritans(


英国清教徒


), now known as the Pilgrim Fathers


(清教徒先祖


/


朝拜者)


, landed at Cape Cod


(科德角)


, near Boston, after ailing in the small ship the Mayflower


“五月花号“


for months. Landed at now known Plymouth, Massachusettes.


注意:“五月花号”



9




Thanksgiving Day


1863


年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在


1621


年。



殖民地时期:



1




北美十三个殖民地



2



The reasons of Europeans



coming to America


(看下即可)



(1) The need for increased trade;


(2) The zeal of Spanish priests to convert the native Indians to Christianity;


(3) The need of European religious and political dissenters for refuge from persecution in their


homelands;


(4) The thirst for adventure of some individuals.


独立战争时期


The War of Independence/ American revolution




1



The Causes


:



With the development of economy, the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their


own business


(自决权)


. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under


control


(把经济发展控于股掌)


and collect more taxes from the colonies.



The Boston Tea Party(


波士顿茶叶事件


): In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians


boarded the ships of the British East India Company


(登上英国东印度公司的船)


and threw the tea


into the harbor.


注意:


波士顿茶叶事件


The Boston Tea Party



1773


年和英国东印度公司


the British East India


Company


2




The Continental Congress


大陆会议


,中英文 会表达。



以下


表格很重要

< p>




Time


The First Continental


Congress


The Second


Continental Congress


1774


1775


Place


Philadelphia


费城



Philadelphia


费城




备注



与莱克星顿的枪声


The fire of Lexingto n


同在


1775


年发生,时

< p>
隔三周。



3




In September, 1783,


the Treaty of Paris



巴黎条约


was signed. Britain recognized the independence


of the United States.


注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。



联邦政府的建立时期


Establishment of a federal form of government




领土扩张和西进运动时期


Territorial expansion and the westward


Movement




1



Forced England to give up the Old Northwest


(迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区)



2



Purchased the Louisiana


from Nepoleon.(1790’s)


向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州


(使得国土面积变身


原先 两倍)



3



Forced Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast


迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸



4



Texas added to the Union(1845) 1845


年,德克萨斯加入联邦


1845


年之前,德克萨斯属于墨西

哥)



5



Obtained California and New Mexico from Mexico by the war with Mexico (1846-1848)


从墨西哥战



1846-4848


,得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。



6



The Gadsden Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory


of the U.S., in return, the U.S. paid 10 million dollars.1853


年的



加滋登购地



中,又有

3


万平方英里


的墨西哥变成了美国领土,美国付了


1


千万美元的补偿。


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