非谓语用法比较总结

一

.

分词

动名词

表语

词性

名词

非谓语总结

形容词

副词

*

动词不定式

window is broken.

*

现在分词

2.I’m surprised to hear that.

过去分词

book is interesting.

is swimming

*

*

*

定语

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

状语

宾补

总结

:

现在分词表示主语的性质或正在 进行的动作

词性

主语

宾语

表语

动名词

2.

定语

过去分词表示主语所处于的状态

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

falling leaves------fallen leaves

不定式

boiling water ------boiled water

现在分词

区别

：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，

过去分词

过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

总结

:

动名词表示所修饰名词的用途

=n+for+doing

现在分词表示所修饰名词的性质和正在进行

的动作

不定式放于所修饰名词后表示 将进行的动作。

=

定语从句

过去分词表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态

1.a walking stick=a stick for walking

2.a falling leave=a leave which is falling

interesting story=a story which is interesting

there anyone to go with me?=Is there anyone who will go with me?

5.a lost boy=a boy who has been lost

6.a respected teacher=a teacher who is respected

3

、宾 语补足语：其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使让动词

had his arm broken.

heard the door locked.

kept water running.

4,I see him playing the fire now.

总结

:

1)

感官动词后面

现在分词表示正在进行的动作

过去分词表示被动状态。

不定式表示已经完成的动作

1.I hear him singing in the next room.

2.I found him lost in the thought.

3.I see him cross the road and run.

2)

使让动词后面

现在分词表示该动作持续一段时间

过去分词表示让别人做或被动动作

不定式表示将去做的动作。

to have kept you waiting a long time.

have your hair cut tomorrow.

day I had my bike stolen.

4.

状语

1)

时间状语

g along the street, he met his old friend.

=When he was walking along the street,he met his old friend.

from the hill,the city looks beautiful.

=When it is seen from hill,the city looks beautiful.

总结：

1

。分词等于

when,while,after

引起的时间状语从句

2

。在分词前可以加

when,while ,after.

2)

原因状语

in the country,we had few amusements.

=As we lived in the country,we had few amusements.

2. Born into a poor family,he had only two years of schooling

=As he was born into a poor family,he had only two years of

schooling.

总结：分词等 于

as,since,because

引起的原因状语从句

3)

条件状语

g anything about it, I will tell you all.

=If I know anything about it,I will tell you all.

more time,we are sure to finish it.

=If we are given more time,we are sure to finish it.

< br>总结：

1

、分词等于

if

引起的条件状语从句

2

、有时可以在分词前加

if

4)

让步状语

a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it because of

the learning method.

=Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam,he

failed

in it because of the learning method.

d at by everybody,he had my sympathy

=Though he was laughed at by everybody,he had my

sympathy .

总结：分词等于

although,though,even if,even though

引起的状语从句，常用于句首。

6)

方式状语

They eat using their fingers.

The lichens came borne by storms.

这些地衣是暴风雨带来的。

7)

伴随状语

He sits there listening to the teacher .

Train in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains.

在这个国家，火车停留等待其它火车的时间太长了。

8)

结果状语

It rained for two days, delaying our trip.

always have his mother wash his clothes.

二、状语的逻辑主语

一）

、逻辑主语通常就是句子中的主 语。

二）

、结果状语的逻辑主语可以 是前边的整个句子

三）

、逻辑主语与句子里的主语不一致

1.

独立主格结构：分词或不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种 主语常常是名词和代词，置于

分词之前。

二者构成一种独立结构，在句中做状语，放于句首，句末，偶尔也置于句中。

done,we went home.

set,they began to have lunch.

permiting,we will go for a walk.

4. A lot work to do ,I have to stay at home.

2

、

With