多功能智能无线报警系统毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

，其中加入一个

12MHz

体振荡器。

其定时器

T1

作为模式

2

的波特率发生器，< /p>

并且

SMOD = 1300

波特

/

秒。选择串口模式

1

，这意味着在一个异步通信模式下，每帧

10

位，

8

位数据位的低

7< /p>

位是地址代码，

并且第

8

位作为奇偶校验位。

该系统采用的是偶校验。

当接收到一个地址码，

MCS

首先进行校验。

那么，如果它是正确

的，

MCS

比较其数值，并输出

7

位地址码，并存储到内存中的数据缓冲

区。 这些步骤重复

3

次，以确定

3

个地址码。如果

3

个地址码是相同的，

IV

MCS

将确认 接收地址信号，这是一种有效的报警信号，也就是说，地址

码不是一个噪声信号。然后触 发报警电路发出报警声。与此同时，代码

号将显示在

LED

指示那个基站触发报警。

LED

采用了动态扫描的显示方法。 如果有一个以上的基站区域有突

发情况时，

MCS

将每隔

3

秒显示它们的代码数。报警音频处理电路采 用

了

NE556

双时基集成电路芯片， 形成一个双音频多谐振荡器，它会发出

报警声振铃。系统可以配置传感器用于火灾报警， 可燃气体报警和防盗

报警。

四、抗干扰措施

重要的是要提高无线 通信的抗干扰能力。

在硬件中采取抗干扰措施。

例如，要合理安 排印刷电路板（

PCB

）

，提高了电源 去耦，并合理放置高

频和低频滤波器。由于接收系统包括高频电路，独立的模拟电路和数 字

电路芯片，各有各的部分。为了防范内部和外部干涉或高频辐射，在一

个金属屏蔽盒放置高频放大器和中频放大器通道并且将

MCS

< br>系统放置

在另一个金属屏蔽盒。采用

FSK

调制方式，双调谐选频和

ASIC

解调。

模块 化结构设计的软件系统。连续数次区分地址码的奇偶校验可以大大

降低系统的错误报警率 。

五、总结

在此报警系统的软件和硬件 的设计是合理的。它的可靠性是在可观

地增加，而错误报警率在不断下降。实验表明，当 断开检测器时错误报

警率几乎为零。当连接微波双重辨识防盗探测器（

< br>DT

-

400

系列）时，< /p>

其传输距离

4

公里大于开阔地带，

错误报警率每

1000

小时少于

4

次。

由

于断续工作且发送 方式为每秒

300

波特，报警系统可以可靠地工作并且

两个发送系统之间的时间差距小于

0.2

秒。事 实上，它可以满足实际应

用的各种需要。

V

Multifunctional Intelligent Wireless Alarm System

Abstract:

Making

use

of

rich

inner

resource

of

FPGA(Field

Programmable

Gate

Arrays),

a

wireless

alarm

sending

system

is

designed.

It

includes

encoder,

FSK(Frequency

Shift

Keying)

modulation

and

every

channel’s

control

circuits,

which

can

decrease

volume

and

increase

reliability

of

the

alarm

demodulation

of

receive

system

is

realized

by

an

application

specific

integrated

circuits

MC3372.

With

the

help

of

a

single-chip

microcomputer 89C51, the address decoder is also designed in the receiver.

Adding

to

other

anti-interference,the

alarming

system

has

effectively

decreased the error-alarm rate.

The system can install up to 128 channel sending devices. It can send an

alarm to the host when there are some cases in stand-off areas, and the system

will display on rotation multiple cases’ area codes . The transmission distance

is

greater

than

4Km

in

open

zones.

User

can

install

more

than

one

type

sensors simultaneously, for example, smog sensor, combustible gas sensor or

burglar

sensor.

Experiments

show

that

the

wireless

alarm

system

has

the

strengths of high reliability, high anti-disturbance ability and low error-alarm

rate.

It

can entirely meet the needs of alarm

fireproofing

and

guard against

theft, etc.

VI

Keywords:

communication;

Alarm

systems;

Frequency

Shift

Keying;

Micro-controllers; Field Programmable Gate Arrays

I.

INTRODUCTION

Compared

with

a

wired

alert

system,

a

wireless

alarm

system

has

characteristics of covertness and ease of installation. It is especially effective

when

transmitting

between

long

distances

in

a

complex landform

situation.

Made up of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate-Array), the encoding module in

the sending system creates the address signal, FSK (frequency shift keying)

modulates

the

signal

and

each

chann

el’s

controller

signals.

Using

FPGA

to

replace MSI/SSI (Middle Scale

Integrated or Small scale Integrated) digital

circuit

devices,

not

only

increase

the

reliability

and

the

resistance

to

interference of the alarm system, but it also decreases its volume and makes

the system easier to

install. Since used 7 bits

binary number to

express

the

address, up to 128 channels sender can be installed. The decoder consists of

ASIC

(Application

Specific

Integrated

Circuit)

and

SCM

in

the

wireless

alarm receiver system, which can effectively decrease the error-alarm rate.

II.

THE SENDING SYSTEM PRINCIPLE

Each

stand-off

is

equipped

with

a

wireless

sending

system,and

corresponds with a 7 bits address identifier in binary. Once a case is detected

by

a

sensor

in

any

stand-off,

a

control

signal

of

this

area

is

sent

to

its

encoding circuit via interface circuit, which converts the area’s 7bit address

identifier into FSK signal.

Then FSK signal

is

transmitted into a frequency

modulation circuit for frequency modulating. After power amplification, the

frequency

modulation

electromagnetic

wave

is

emitted

via

antenna.

One

characteristic of the sending system is discontinuous sending. In other words,

VII

the sending system does not send signals when there is no case, and do keep

sending

when

there

is

an

alarm

situation,

so

as

to

provide

chances

to

send

signals for other stand-off areas.

A.

The Encoding and Controlling Circuit Configuration

The digital circuit part of the encoding circuit is made by a FPGA chip

which

includes

8

modules.F

ormed

by

D

triggers,

module

‘dff1’

is

the

interface

between

detector

and

encoder.

Module

‘oscillator’

combines

with

some external resistors and capacitors to form a controllable low frequency

multivibrator.

Its

control

signal

is

the

output

of

‘dff1’

---Q1.

It

does

not

vibrate when Q1is equal to 0, and if Q1is equal to 1, it vibrates to generate

low frequency square waves. If some cases appear in the area, the oscillator

controls

the

module

‘SENDER’

to

send

electromagnetic

wave

discontinuously. The module ‘circular_shift_r’ is a parallel input serial output

circular

shift

register.

The

bit

A0

～

A7

are

the

parallel

address

code

input

terminals,

which

are

joined

to

high

or

low

voltage

level

according

to

the

encoder

requirement.

Q8

is

the

serial

output

terminal

of

the

address

code.

Module ‘dff2’ is a control circuit that is made of some JK triggers. Its setup

signal

is

Q1,

which

also

acts

as

a

trigger

signal

after

delay.

Q2

acts

as

the

parallel- in-serial-

out

control

terminal

of

the‘circular_shift_r’

module.

When

Q2

is at high voltage level,circular_shift_r’ performs parallel input. When Q2

is at low voltage level, ‘circular_shift_r’ executes serial output. The module

‘delay1’ is a delay circuit composed of D module ‘division’ is a

frequency division that creates three different routes frequency output signals,

two

of

which

branches

and

act

as

FSK

modulating

signals:

f1

and

f2.

The

other branch acts as a triggering pulse for modules dff1 and delay1, and also

VIII

acts

as

the

clock

pulse

of

‘circular_shift_r’for

performing

serial-out.

The

module

‘MUX’

is

a

2

to

1multiplexer.

Its

control

signal

is

the

output

Q8

of‘circular_shift_r’. When Q8

＝

0, ‘MUX’ produces the signal f2, and when

Q8

＝

1,

it

exports

f1.

The

module

‘delay2’combines

with

some

external

resistors and capacitors to form a delay circuit. Its function is to give workers

some

time

to

leave

after

installing

the

system.

The

sending

circuit

does

no

work within the delay time, no matter whether K1(detector) is on or off. This

is the external connection drawing of the FPGA chip.

B. The Working Principle

As

shown

following,

the

working

principle

of

the

alarm

system

is

as

follows:

when

the

power

of

the

sending

system

turns

on,

the

input

of

the

‘dff1’ is at low level. Then its output terminal Q1 is at logic value ‘0’, NQ1 is

at

logic

‘1’,

and

a

external

light

-emitting

diode

(LED)

is

lit

to

indicate

the

power

is

on.

The

signal

Q1

is

sent

to

the

setting

terminal

of

‘dff2’

to

set

terminal

Q2 at

high level.

The high level

Q2 will

set

‘circular_shift_r’ into

the parallel input address code mode. At this time, the outer transistor N2 is at

saturation state

and N3

at

cut-off state. This

makes

the sending circuit

at

a

passive state, therefore, the circuit will not work. Hence, the circuit does not

emit

carrier

wave

if

there

is

no

case,

and

it

is

at

low

consumable

power

some

cases

appear,

the

switch

K1

is

on.

The

terminal

D

of

the

‘dff1’

turns

to

high

level

immediately,

and

the

output

Q1of

‘dff1’

is

set

to

high level at the rising edge of the clock pulse. It makes the setting terminal s

of ‘dff2’ at high level too. The ‘dff2’ now is at normal working state. After

delaying

by

module

‘delay1’,

the

former

edge

of

the

Q1

pulse

will

trigger

‘dff2’ to output low voltage, which will make the transistor N2 off, N3 on,

IX

and

the

delay’s

normally

open

contact

will

be

closed.

The

electric

power

supply to the sending circuit is on, and the circuit begins to work normally.

Simultaneously, if Q2 is at logic 0, ‘circular_shift_r’ will be change to serial

shift state and export address signals. When the address code is 0, the output

of ‘MUX’ will be f2. And when the address code is 1, the output will be f1.

Terminals f2 and f1 act

as the modulation signal for modulating the carrier

wave.

In this way, the address code is sent out

at the first cycle of the low

frequency

oscillator.

At

the

second

cycle

it

stops

sending

in

order

to

give

other

stand- off

a

period

of

time

to

send.

After

the

third

cycle,

repeat

the

procedure above.

From

the

discussion

above,

we

have

the

conclusion

that

the

encoding

and control circuit have the function to display when the power is on, time

delay

for

human

to

leave

the

spot,

low

power

cost

mode

for

waiting

case,

discontinuity

sending

and

FSK

modulating

etc.

It

is

more

flexible

and

has

more functions than many encoder ASIC.

III.

T

HE CONFIGURATION AND PRINCIPLE OF THE RECEIVING SYSTEM

Set in guardhouse, a set of wireless receiver takes charge of monitoring

all stand-off areas. The principle of the wireless receiver is show following.

Passing by the low pass filter, the received modulation signal is sent into the

high

frequency

common-emitter

and

common-base

configuration

cascade

amplifier for amplifying. Then the signal is sent to the intermediate frequency

modulation

amplifier

via

the

dual

tuning

circuit,

i.e.

sent

into

the

input

terminal

(16th pin) of an ASIC chip

(MC3372) to

do mixing. The oscillate

frequency of the local oscillator circuit is 455KHz higher than the received

signal.

Delivering

to

the

first

pin

of

the

chip

MC3372,

the

signal

will

mix

X

with the external signal to get 455KHz intermediate frequency signal. After

filtering,

the

intermediate

frequency

signal

is

first

delivered

to

the

8th

MC3372 pin to do frequency detection, and second amplified by an inner low

frequency

amplifier

of

the

chip

MC3372,

then

the

9th

pin

exports

the

baseband signal. Amplified by a low frequency single transistor, the baseband

signal

is

rectified by two steps Schmitt gates (CD4584) to

turn into a

FSK

signal, which will be sent into pin 3.0 of MCS to be decoded.

MCS in this system is chip 89C51, which joins an outer 12MHZ crystal

oscillator.

Its

timer

T1

act

as

a

baud

rate

generator

in

mode

2,

and

SMOD=1,300

baud/sec.

serial

port

is

selected

in

mode

1,

which

means

an

asynchronous

communication mode, 10 bit per

frame in

which the lower 7

bits of the 8 data bit is the address code, and the 8th acts as the parity check

bit. The system uses even check.

When receiving an address code, the MCS firstly performs parity check.

If it is correct ,then ,the MCS compare their value and takes out 7 bits address

code

and

stores

it

into

data

buffer

in

memory.

These

procedures

repeat

3

times in order to identify the 3 address codes. If the 3 address codes are the

same, the MCS will confirm that the receiving address signal is an effective

alarm

signal,

that

is

to

say,

the

address

code

is

not

a

noise

signal.

It

then

triggers the alarm circuit to send the alarm sound. At the same time, the code

number

will

display

on

the

LED

indicating

which

stand-off

triggered

the

alarm.

The LED uses a dynamic scan display method. If there are more than one

stand-off

areas

have

cases

simultaneously,

the

MCS

will

display

their

code

number in turn at 3 seconds intervals. The alarm audio process circuit uses a

XI

NE556

dual

time

base

circuit

chip

to

form

a

dual

audio

frequency

multivibrator,

which

will

give

off

a

ringing

alarm

sound.

System

could

configure sensors use for alarm of fire,combustible gas and theft.

IV.

ANTI- INTERFERENCE MEASURE

It

is

important

to

heighten

the

anti-interference

ability

for

wireless

communications. anti-disturbance measures takes form in the hardware. For

example,

one

should

reasonably

arrange

the

PCB

(printed

circuit

board)

，

increase

power

decoupling,

and

place

the

high

and

low

frequency

filter

reasonably.

Since

the

receiver

system

includes

high

frequency

circuits,

separate the analogue circuit and digital circuit chip, and make each have its

own

ground.

To

guard

against

external

and

internal

interference

or

high

frequency radiation, put the high frequency amplifier and middle frequency

amplifier channels in a metallic shield box and the MCS system into another

metallic

shield

casket.

Adopt

FSK

modulation,

double

tuning

select

frequency

and

ASIC

demodulation.

All

of

these

measures

can

effectively

decrease interference to the system. For software, use the modular structure

to

design

the

software

system.

Continuously

distinguishing

address

code

several times and by parity check can dramatically reduce the error- alarming

rate of the system.

V.

THE ENDING

The design of software and hardware in this alarm system is reasonable.

Its reliability is observably increased, and the error alarm rate is decreased.

Experiments show that the error alarm rate is nearly zero when disconnecting

the

detector.

The

transmission

distance

is

greater

than

4Km

in

open

zones

When

connecting

microwave

dual

discriminating

theft-proof

detector

XII

（

DT-400 Family

）

, the error alarm rate is less than 4 times every 1000 hours.

Since working in the discontinuously sending method at 300baud/s, the alarm

system

can

work

reliably

as

long

as

the

time

gap

between

two

sending

systems is less than 0.2sec. In fact, it can meet the need in actual applications.

基于单片机的智能住宅安防报警和远程控制系统

摘要

：

为了 对偷盗，抢劫和意外事故进行有效的监控和警告，统一使用单

片机

AT89C51

的控制技术和红外探测技术，

设计了一种无线 防盗报警器，

它包括硬件和软件两部分

;

硬件部分是由红外线感应器，发送和接收模

块，单片机，声光报警等组成；软件部分是 由主程序和音乐子程序组成。

采用

C

或汇编语言编写的源程序，

在

Keil c51

平台上进行翻译和调试后，

下载到单片机

AT89C51

芯片，并根据焊接在

PCB

他主要设备设计一个电路。对于电源，闭路循环控制开 关，当有人入侵

红外线发射区，产生声光报警，表示已经达到设计要求，这个项目展示< /p>

了智能化住宅防盗报警，紧急报警，火灾报警器，有毒气体泄漏远程自

动声音报警及远程控制系统，它是基于

89C51

单片机。 该系统可自动报

警，自动致电警方热线电话号码。它可用于语音报警，并显示发生报警< /p>

的地址。它可以设置和修改用户的密码。它可以进行录制和语音提示。

它可用于电话远程控制电源。该报警系统设计创新，具有多功能，成本

低，可靠性高 等诸多特点。

随着时代的不 断进步，人们对自己的居住环境安全提出了更高的要

求，不仅在生活，特别是在安全方面 ，一定要注意这些频繁发生的意外。

现在，

许多区域已安装了智 能报警系统，

从而大大提高居住区的安全率，

因为红外线是一种 黑色的光，使用无线发射和接收，无需独立的布线，

它具有很强的保密性和保密性，从而 在安全，安保部分等安全领域的应

用应该有很大的优势。

关键词：红外传感；发射；接收；单片机；警告

XIII

一、

简介

随着计算机技术和控制技术及通信技术的发展，人民生 活水平日益

改善。人民的生活条件已经发生了变化，例如产生了居住环境的安全和

如何使他们生活得更加舒适等问题。因此，智能化的住宅建筑的自动控

制的出现顺应了时代的要求。智能化小区必须有安全防范，防盗报警，

火灾报警器，有毒 气体泄漏自动报警和紧急呼叫等功能。关键设备电源

的远程控制是能够实现的。近年来， 随着技术和经济的进步，电子防盗

报警系统的迅速发展并得到广泛应用。现在它不仅适用 于许多重要的政

府部门，但也适用于许多家庭。

在深入研究各种报警装置后，我们设计了基于单片机的 智能住宅安

防报警和远程控制系统。该系统是以

89C51

单片机为基础，具有智能化

住宅防盗报警器，紧急呼叫报警器，火灾 报警器，有毒气体泄漏自动报

警和远程控制。

它可以致电警方热 线电话号码。

它是能够使用语音报警，

并显示发生报警的地址。 用户可以设置和修改密码。它可以进行录制和

语音提示，并利用电话进行遥控。用户不在 家时，它可以使用密码进入

远程部署来远程控制电器的电源。

该系统利用通信设备来实现多通道检测，现场报警，紧急报警，火

灾报警和有毒气体泄漏自动报警。还可以通过自动拨号电话实现远程语

音报警功能。它 直接连接在电话线上即可使用。在使用之前，用户将被

要求在可见处的安装检测设备。< /p>

必须设置报警电话号码，

记录报警语音。

该报警系统设计创新，具有多功能，成本低，可靠性高等诸多特点。

二、

系统组件

< br>智能住宅安防报警和远程控制系统的构成如下所示。该系统是通过

电话接口电路和 电话网络连接起来的。

89C51

单 片机控制

MT8880

的双

XIV