-
英语中主动表被动的情况
有些动词有主动语态之形,但却有被动语态之意。
这些动词包括及物的(
transitive
verbs
)
、不及物的(
intransitive
verbs
)
、系动词、动名词(
gerunds
)和不定式动词(
infinitives
)
。这些动词很特别,
但数目不多。例如:
Ⅰ.及物动词
That house is
building (= being built).
The trumpets are sounding (
= being sounded).
The film is showing now (=
being shown now).
The guns are firing (=
being fired).
The drums are beating ( = being
beaten).
p>
有些表示静止状态的及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态,
须用主
动形式表示被动
意义。常见的有
have
,
cost
,
lock
,
last
,
own
,
suit
,
hol
d
,
fit
,
join
,
consist
of
,
belong
to
,
agree
with
等。如:
The book costs
150 yuan.
Does the key fit the lock ?
Your statement
lacks detail.
The
meeting lasted two hours.
Ⅱ.不及物动词
1
.
英语中
有些不及物动词和词组,
只有主动形式,
常被视为主动形式表示
被动含义。
常见有的:
break out, take
place,
happen
,
break
out
,
come
about
,
come
out
表
示“称重,测量,花费,持续,发生”等状态动词或不及物动词,虽然汉语有
被动意义,
但英语要用主动形式。例如:
.
What happened to him last night.
What has happened over there?
How
did it come about?
?
2
.一些
与
can't(
不能
)
或
won't(
不会
)
连用的动词。常用的有:
lock(
锁住
p>
), shut(
关
上
),
open(
打开
),
act
(
上演
)
等,例如:
< br>
The door won't
open.
这门打不开。?
It can't
move.
它不能动。?
The middle
house won't let.
p>
3
.一些与
well(
很
),
easily(
容易地
), perfectly(
十分地
)
等连用的动词
,
如
:
sell(
销售
),
wash(
洗
),
clean(
打扫
),
burn(
燃烧
), cook(
煮<
/p>
)
,
measure
vi(
有??长
/
宽
/
高等
)
,
w
rite
,
read
,
keep
,
prove
,
p>
weigh
,
weigh,
num
ber
,
drink
,
wear
,
pay
,
wash
,
open,
teach,
translate
常
用主动形式表被动意义。
请看下面句子:
The
poem translates well.
Bikes of that kind hardly sell.
Porcelain sinks
clean easily.
The
book sells well.
The
door will not open.
This dress
washes better.
This room
measures 10 meters across.
It weighs 6 pounds.(
重
6
磅。
)
The sign reads
as follows.
(
这牌
子告示如下。
)
等,例如:
These clothes
wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗。?
The matter will
keep until morning.
Such potatoes
peel well.
4
p>
.用在“主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:
This material
has worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了。
The dust has
blown into the house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子。
Ⅲ.系动词
系动词没有被动形式
,
但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有
look
,
taste(
吃起来
),
smell
,
sound
(
听起来
),
prove(
证明是
), feel(
摸上去感到
)
等,例如:
Cotton feels soft.
The
flowers smell sweet.
Your reason sounds reasonable.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the
mouth.
The box weighs light/heavy.
Ⅳ.动名词主动形式表示被动意义的情况
need, want,
require
(要求,需要)
,
deserve(
应得,值得
), be
worth
值得)
,
not
bear(
经
不住
)
后面接
doing
主动表被动。
The book is
worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
Your hair
wants/needs cutting (needs to be
cut).
?你的头发该剪了。
The
computer wants servicing (= to be serviced).
This watch
requires winding up ( = to be wound up).
That good point bears repeating (= to
be repeated).
ⅴ.不定式的主动形式表被动含义的情况
1
p>
.不定式作状语,在“主语
+be+
形容词
+
不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构
的逻辑宾语,
这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。
适合于此结
构的形容词比较多,
最常用的有
amusing(
有趣的
),
cheap(
便宜的
),
dangerous(
危险的
),
difficult(
困难的
),
easy(
容易的
),
important(
重要的
),
nice(
令人愉快的
), plea
sant(
愉快的
)
等
,
例如
:
That question is difficult
to answer.
那个问题不容易回答。
Chicken
’
s legs
are nice to eat.
鸡腿很好吃。?