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英语中主动表被动的情况

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-12 15:42
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2021年2月12日发(作者:pronunciation是什么意思)


英语中主动表被动的情况



有些动词有主动语态之形,但却有被动语态之意。












这些动词包括及物的(


transitive verbs



、不及物的(



intransitive









verbs



、系动词、动名词(


gerunds


)和不定式动词(



infinitives



。这些动词很特别,


但数目不多。例如:










Ⅰ.及物动词










That house is building (= being built).









The trumpets are sounding ( = being sounded).









The film is showing now (= being shown now).









The guns are firing (= being fired).









The drums are beating ( = being beaten).









有些表示静止状态的及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态,


须用主 动形式表示被动


意义。常见的有


have



cost



lock



last



own



suit



hol d



fit



join



consist









of



belong to



agree with


等。如:










The book costs 150 yuan.









Does the key fit the lock ?









Your statement lacks detail.








The meeting lasted two hours.








Ⅱ.不及物动词









1



英语中 有些不及物动词和词组,


只有主动形式,


常被视为主动形式表示 被动含义。


常见有的:


break out, take place,









happen



break out



come about



come









out


表 示“称重,测量,花费,持续,发生”等状态动词或不及物动词,虽然汉语有


被动意义, 但英语要用主动形式。例如:


.








What happened to him last night.









What has happened over there?









How did it come about?


?









2


.一些 与


can't(


不能


)



won't(


不会


)


连用的动词。常用的有:


lock(


锁住


), shut(






),



open(


打开


),









act (


上演


)


等,例如:

< br>









The door won't open.


这门打不开。?










It can't move.


它不能动。?










The middle house won't let.








3


.一些与


well(


), easily(


容易地


), perfectly(

< p>
十分地


)


等连用的动词


,



: sell(


销售


),

















wash(



), clean(


打扫


), burn(


燃烧


), cook(


煮< /p>


)



measure









vi(


有??长


/



/


高等


)



w rite



read



keep



prove



weigh



weigh,









num ber



drink



wear



pay



wash



open,


teach,


translate


常 用主动形式表被动意义。


请看下面句子:


















The poem translates well.








Bikes of that kind hardly sell.








Porcelain sinks clean easily.








The book sells well.











The door will not open.










This dress washes better.











This room measures 10 meters across.








It weighs 6 pounds.(



6


磅。


)

















The sign reads as follows.



(


这牌 子告示如下。


)


等,例如:









These clothes wash well.


这些衣服很耐洗。?









The matter will keep until morning.










Such potatoes peel well.








4


.用在“主语


+


不及物动词


+


主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:









This material has worn thin.


这料子已磨薄了。









The dust has blown into the house.


灰尘被风吹进了房子。









Ⅲ.系动词









系动词没有被动形式


,


但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有


look



taste(


吃起来


),


smell



sound (


听起来


),









prove(


证明是


), feel(


摸上去感到


)


等,例如:











































































Cotton feels soft.









The flowers smell sweet.








Your reason sounds reasonable.









Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.









The box weighs light/heavy.

















Ⅳ.动名词主动形式表示被动意义的情况










need, want, require


(要求,需要)


, deserve(


应得,值得


), be worth


值得)



not bear(



不住


)









后面接


doing


主动表被动。









The book is worth reading.


这本书值得一读。









Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).


?你的头发该剪了。











The computer wants servicing (= to be serviced).








This watch requires winding up ( = to be wound up).









That good point bears repeating (= to be repeated).









ⅴ.不定式的主动形式表被动含义的情况










1


.不定式作状语,在“主语


+be+


形容词


+


不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构

的逻辑宾语,


这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。


适合于此结 构的形容词比较多,


最常用的有


amusing(


有趣的


),









cheap(


便宜的


), dangerous(


危险的


), difficult(


困难的


), easy(


容易的


), important(


重要的


),









nice(


令人愉快的


), plea sant(


愉快的


)



,


例如


:








That question is difficult to answer.


那个问题不容易回答。









Chicken



s legs are nice to eat.


鸡腿很好吃。?



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