专八改错练习15题

专八改错练习

1

One

important

outcome

of

the

work

on

the

expression

of

genes

in

developing

embryos

is sure to be knowledge that can help preventing birth defects. Just as

promising

(26) is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing

(27) of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an

(28) automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly,

neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from

(29) the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the

(30) goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box genes,

control the expression of other genes that create the valves

and piston of the working cerebral engine.

The protein encoded by the latter genes could change the

(31) stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its

metabolism

to create the characteristic peculiar to, say,

neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the

(32) mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick together

to form specific structures; they might also sense

(33)the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do.

Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in

(34) embryology and molecular biology for some times to come.

(35)

What

is

perhaps

the

most

intriguing

question

of

all

is

if

the

brain

is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.

ting

改为

prevent

cated

改为

complexion

后加

into

cientist

改为

a neuroscientist

ng

后加

in

改为

latter

r

改为

similarly

33.

去掉

is

改为

time

改为

whether

2

Vitamins, like minerals, are chemicals. There is absolutely not

difference in the chemical structure (26)

of the nature vitamin C and the chemical structure (27)

of the synthetic vitamin C. Also, while most sub- stances are harmless

at very low level of intake, all (28)

substance -- even the elements that are essential to life -- can be

dangerous if you overdo them.

Take water for example. Six or eight glasses a day will keep your body

in good fluid balance. But you can also be drown (29)

in it. Some people argue that individuals vary greatly (30)

in their need for nutrients, it cannot necessarily be stated any given

amount is too much; that is all (31)

relative. But since there is little solid information on what is the

optimal

intake

of

any

essential

nutrient

in

healthy

individuals,

it

would

be

impossible

to

give

guidelines

that

take

these

proportional

needs

into

the (32)

account. Just as with other drugs, the relation to (33)

different

vitamin

dosages

varies,

with

some

people

better

able

than

others

to tolerate large amounts. While we do know that very specifically what

the toxic level (34)

is

for

vitamins

A

and

D,

we

are

far

less

sure

about

vitamin

E,

even

though

it,

too,

is

fat-

soluble,

and

we

still

don’t

understand

the

water

-soluble

vitamin, the C (35)

and the B groups, which the body cant store.

改为

no

改为

natural

后加

a

29.

去掉

be

后加

后加

that

32.

去掉

the

33. relation

改为

reaction

34.

去掉

that

35. vitamin

改为

vitamins

3

The telephone system is a circuit- switched network. For much of the

history of the system, when you placed (26)

a call, you were renting a pair of copper wires that ran continuously

from your telephone to the other party’s phone. You had excluding use

of those wires during the (27)

call; when you hung up, they were rented to someone else. Today the

transaction is more complicated. ( your call may well possess a

fiber-optic

cable

or

a

satellite

with

hundreds

of

other

calls),

but

more

conceptually the system (28)

still works the same way. When you dial the phone, you get a private

connection

of

one

other

party.

This

is

an

alternative

network

architecture

called (29)

packet switching, in which all stations are always connected to the

network, but they receive only the messages addressed to them. It is as

if your telephone was always tuned in to (30)

thousands of conversations going on the wire, but you (31)

heard only the occasional word intended to you. Most (32)

computer

networks

employ

packet

switching,

because

it

is

more

efficient

than circuit switching when traffic is heavy. It seems reasonable the

existing packet-switched (33)

network will grow, and new one may be created; they could (34)

well absorb traffic that would otherwise go to the telephone system and

thereby reduce the need for telephone numbers. (35)

改为

most

ing

改为

exclusive

改为

There

改为

were

后加

by

改为

for

able

后加

that

改为

ones

改为

demand

4

The German poet and polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe pondered the

question of how organisms develop in his scientific studies of form and

structure immature plants and animals, a field he found and named

morphology. His search for a single basic body plan (26)

across

all

life- forms

led

him

to

think

about

the

prevalence

of

repeating

(27)

segments in body structures. The spinal columns of fish, reptiles, (28)

birds and mammals, for instance, all are made of long strings of (29)

repeated

vertebrae.

Among

invertebrates

the

growth

of

virtually

identical

segments is how striking: in earthworms, for example, even (30)

internal organs are repeated in serial segments. Likewise, the abdomen

of flies and other insects are segmented, as are the (31)

successive wormlike articulations in crabs, shrimps and other

crustaceans. To Goethe the evidence suggested that nature takes a

building- block

approach

to

generate

life,

repeating

a

basic

element

(32)

again and again to arrive at a complicated organism. The only glaring

(33)

hole he could see in the theory was the apparent lack of sort of

segmentation

in

the

vertebrate

heads.

In

1790

he

hypothesized

that

(34)

spinal vertebrate is modified during the development to form the

skull.(35)

改为

founded

ing

改为

repeated

改为

fishes

后加

up

30.

去掉

how

n

改为

abdomens

te

改为

generating

cated

改为

complex

改为

head

改为

are

5

Literature is a means by which we know ourselves. By it we (26)

meet future selves, and recognize past selves; against it we match our

present

self.

Its

primary

function

is

to

validate

and

re- create

the

self

in

all

its

individuality

and

distinctness.

In

doing

so,

it

cements

a

sense

of

relationship

between

the

self

and

the

otherness

of

the

book,

and

allows

us a notion of ourselves as sociable. Its shared knowledge is vicarious

experience; by this means we enlarge our understandings (27)

of what it means to be human, of the corporate and independent (28)

nature of human society. The act of reading the book marks both our

difference in and our place in the human fabric. The more we read, (29)

the more we are. In the act of reading silently we are alone from the

(30)

book, separate from ones own immediate surroundings. Yet in the (31)

act of reading we enter other minds and other places, enlarge our (32)

dialogue

with

the

world.

Thus

paradoxically,

while

disengaging

from

the

immediate we are increasing its scope. In silence, reading activates a

deeply

creative

function

of

consciousness.

We

are

deeply

committed

to

the

narrative which we coexist while engaged in (33)

reading. All kinds of present physical discomfortness may be (34)

unnoticed

while

we

are

reading,

and

actual

time

is

replaced

by

narrative

time. To imaginatively enter a fictional world by reading it (35)

is then both a liberation from self and an expansion of self.

改为

In

tandings

改为

understanding

ndent

改为

interdepende nt

29.

去掉

in

改为

with

改为

our

e

前加

and

前加

with

< br>fortness

改为

discomfort

35.

去掉

it

6

Because the air in the country is really clean, we ought to live there

much as is possible. Since, however, a great deal of the worlds (26)

work must be done indoor in cities, it is important that we take every

(27)

precaution

to

ventilate

our

houses

properly.

Some

people

have

thought

that

night

air

is

injurious.

But

careful

study

shows

that

night

air

is

identical

with that which we breath during the day. In face the (28)

proper ventilation of a bedroom is one of the first necessity for good

(29)

health. Since the exhaled air is usually warmer and lighter than the

inhaled air, it rises to the top of the room. Therefore it is better to

open

a

window

both

at

the

top

to

let

the

warm

up

air

out

and

also

at

(30)

the

bottom

to

admit

the

fresh

air

in.

Of

course,

this

does

not

mean

(31)

that one should sleep in a strong draft. In many places it is feasible

to sleep out-of-the- doors on a sleeping porch and so to secure perfect

(32)

ventilation. In recent years we have seen steady progress made in the

development of equipments to supply proper conditioned air not only in

large (33)

auditoriums,

class-rooms,

and

factories,

but

also

in

railroad

trains

and

in private homes. This equipment cleans the air off dust, keeps (34)

the temperature comfortable, holds the humidity at the right point, and

keeps the air in the motion. Such a condition is conductive to (35)

efficiency as well as good health.

前加

as

改为

indoors

改为

breathe

ity

改为

necessities

改为

upper

31.

去掉

in

-of-the- doors

改为

out-of-doors

ents

改为

equipment

改为

of

35.

去掉

the

7

Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic. While

experience taught him this was impossible, __1__ he tried to forecast

weather conditions. Even earlier in __2__ 1000 were weather

seers in Babylon----and

priests clever enough to denounce as frauds

those

predicted

__3__

the

weather

a

year

in

the

advance.

Some

forecasters

used

__4__

methods

that

seemed

to

take

no

connection

with

the

actual

__5__

factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6__ were

sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs indicating rain and

drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7__ predictions based on

vegetation:

skin

very

thin

,mild

weather

coming

in.

Onion's

skin

thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough.

were also __8__ favorite weather clues:

__9__ lamp , then the air is always damp .

forsake

,

the

weather

will

for

certain

break

.

frogs

remained

in

pools

,

the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10__ rain and

cold

were

due.

It's

difficult

to

say

whether

this

rhyme

should

be

taken

seriously :

rain today .

答案详解：

—

When

或

After.

本句的

this

指代的是

to change the weather by

using magic. when/after

引导时间状语

—

r

是

early

的比 较级，其后应有

than

之后加

引导定语从 句

4.

删除

advance