Linux专业术语中英文对照

，

而且还有些增强功能。

AfterStep

–

One of several user interfaces (window managers), AfterStep makes Linux look and

feel much like NeXTSTEP, with enhancements. For more on AfterStep, go to .

(Also, see Enlightenment, GNOME, KDE, and X Window System.)

Awk

（

Aho

、

Weinberger

和

Kernighan

）

—

一种编程语言，因其模式匹配语法 而特别有用，

通常用于数据检索和数据转换。一个

GNU

版本称为

Gawk

。

Awk

(Aho,

Weinberger,

and

Kernighan)

–

A

programming

language

useful

for

its

pattern- matching syntax, and often used for data retrieval and data transformation. A GNU version

is called Gawk.

APM

（高级电源管理，

Advanc ed Power Management

）

—

一种工业标准，它允许系统处理< /p>

器和各个组件进入省电模式，包括挂起、睡眠和关机。

APM < /p>

软件对于移动设备尤为重要，

因为它节省了电池电量。

APM (Advanced Power Management)

–

An industry standard for allowing the system processor

and

various

components

to

enter

power-saving

modes,

including

suspend,

sleep

and

off.

APM

software is especially important for mobile devices, because it saves battery power.

附加符号（

Append Symbol

）—

两个键盘字符

>

（也就是

>>

）。通常用它将命令的输出发

送到文本文件，将数据附加到 文件的尾部，而不是替换现有的内容。例如，

ls -a >>

将当前目录列表发送到名为

的文件，

并将其添加到该文件的尾部。

重复执 行该命

令会不断地将新数据添加到文件尾部。

Append

Symbol

–

The

>

keyboard

character,

repeated

(i.e.,

>>).

It

is

often

used

to

send

the

output

from

a

command

to

a

text

file,

appending

the

data

to

the

end

of

the

file,

rather

than

replacing the existing content. For example, ls -a >> sends the current directory list to a

file called , and adds it to the end of the file. Repeating the command will continue to

add new data to the end of the file. (Also, see Piping Symbol and Redirection Symbol.)

归档文件

（

Archive

）

—

含有多个文件的单个大型文件，

通常对其进行压缩以节省存储空间。

经常创建归档文件以方便计算机之间的传送。流行的 归档格式包括

ARJ

、

TAR

、

ZIP

和

ZOO

。 它们都可以用来创建这样的归档文件。

Archive

–

A single large file containing multiple files, usually compressed to save storage space.

Often created to facilitate transferring between computers. Popular archival formats include ARJ,

TAR, ZIP and ZOO. Also, to create such an archive file.

ARJ

—

流行的文件压缩／归档工具，可以用于

UNIX/Linux

、

DOS/Windows

和其它操作系

统。用这种方式压缩的文件的扩展名通常是

.arj

或

.ar

。

ARJ

–

A popular file compression/archival tool, available for UNIX/Linux, DOS/Windows, and

other operating systems. Files compressed in this manner typically have .arj or .ar extensions.

（

B

）

后台进程

（

Background Process

）

—

运行时无须用户输入的程序。

可以在诸如

UNIX/Linux

之

类的多任务 操作系统上运行多个后台进程，而用户则与前台进程交互（例如，数据输入）。

有些后台 进程

（例如守护程序）

从来都不需要用户输入。

其它一些进程只是在用户忙于目前

运行于前台的程序时才临时处于后台。

Background Process

–

A program that is running without user input. A number of background

processes can be running on a multitasking operating system, such as UNIX/Linux, while the user

is interacting with the foreground process (for example, data entry). Some background processes

–

daemons,

for

example

–

never

require

user

input.

Others

are

merely

in

the

background

temporarily while the user is busy with the program presently running in the foreground.

Bash

（

Bourne Again SHell

）

—

Bourne Shell

的增强版。

Bash (Bourne Again SHell)

–

An enhanced version of the Bourne Shell.

BDF

字体—

用于

X Window

系统的各种位图字体。

BDF Fonts

–

A variety of bitmapped fonts for the X Window System.

Bean

—

JavaBeans

体系结构的组件。

Beans

–

Components for the JavaBeans architecture.

Beowulf

—

由相对廉价的计算机（包括

PC

）组成的网络，这些计算机可能使用不同的处理

器和硬件体系结构， 由

Linux

和特殊的系统级软件 将它们联合成一个海量并行计算系统。

最终结果是一个能够以较低成本获得超级计算机计 算能力的系统。

这类系统对于诸如气象建

模之类的计算密集型任 务而言是非常理想的，

因为可以将计算分配到几十、

几百甚至几 千个

同时运行的独立处理器上。有时也称为―

Beowulf

级超级计算机‖或者超级群集计算机。

Beowulf

–

A

network

of

relatively

inexpensive

computers

(including

PCs),

potentially

using

different processors and hardware architectures, united by Linux and special system-level software

into a massively parallel computing system. The end result is a system capable of supercomputer

computation at a much lower price. This sort of system is ideal for compute-intensive tasks such

as weather modeling, because the calculations can be divided among dozens, hundreds, or even

thousands

of

separate

processors

all

running

simultaneously.

Sometimes

referred

to

a

―

Beowulf-class

supercomputer

‖

,

or

a

super- cluster

or

hyper-cluster.

For

more

on

Beowulf

technology, read the following

Bin

—

一个含有可执行程序的目录，这些程序主要是二进制文件。

Bin

–

A directory containing executable programs, primarily binary files.

二进制文件（

Binary

）—

已被编译成可执行程序的源代码。在

UNIX/Linux

世界里，有些

软件仅作为源代码分发；

有些软件包既包含源代码又包含二进制文件；

< br>还有一些软件包则只

以二进制文件格式分发。

Binaries

–

Source

code

that

has

been

compiled

into

executable

programs.

In

the

UNIX/Linux

world,

some

software

is

distributed

as

source

code

only;

other

packages include both source and binaries; still others are distributed only in binary format.

引导盘（

Boot Disk

）—

一张软盘，其中含有操作系统（如

L inux

）引导（启动）计算机并

从命令行运行一些基本程序所 需的足够内容。

如果因某种原因导致系统表现为无法引导，

那< /p>

么引导盘是必需的。

引导盘还用于对硬盘进行分区和格式化、

恢复主引导记录

（

Master Boot

Record

）或者复制特定文件等。

Boot Disk

–

A diskette (floppy) containing enough of an operating system (such as Linux) to

boot up (start) the computer and run some essential programs from the command line. This may

be necessary if the system was rendered non-bootable for some reason. A boot disk can be used to

partition and format the hard drive, restore the Master Boot Record, or copy specific files, among

other things.

Bot

—

机器人（

Robot

）的简称。它是一 个程序，旨在在几乎没有人工干预下在因特网上搜

索信息。

Bot

–

Short for Robot. A program designed to search for information on the Internet with little

human intervention.

Bourne Shell

—

一种流行的命令行

shell

，它具有的优点比

DOS

命令提示符多很多。

Bourne

Shell

–

A

popular

command

line

shell

offering

many

advantages

over

the

DOS

command prompt. (Also, see Bash and Korn Shell.)

BSD

（

Berkeley

软件分发版，

Berkeley

Software

Distribution

）

UNIX

—

加州大学伯克利分

校开发的

UNIX

。

BSD

(Berkeley

Software

Distribution)

UNIX

–

UNIX

distribution

from

University

of

California at Berkeley.

Bzip2

—

一种较新的

UNIX/Linux

文件压缩程序，它比

Gzip

提供更大的压缩比。

Bzip2

–

A newer file compression program for UNIX/Linux, providing smaller file sizes than

Gzip.

（

C

）

CGI

（公共网关接口，

Common Gateway Interface

）

—

在

Web

服务器上，用来在脚本和／

或 应用程序之间传输数据，

然后将该数据返回给

Web

页面或浏览器。

CGI

脚本经常是使用

Perl

语言创建的，它能够生成动态

Web

内容（包括电子商业购物篮、讨论组、调查表单以

及实时新闻等 ）。

CGI

(Common

Gateway

Interface)

–

Used

on

Web

servers

to

transmit

data

between

scripts

and/or

applications

and

then

return

the

data

to

the

Web

page

or

browser.

CGI

scripts

are

often

created using the Perl language, and can generate dynamic Web content (including e-commerce

shopping baskets, discussion groups, survey forms, current news, etc.).

CHS

（ 柱面／磁头／扇区，

Cylinder/Head/Sector

）

—

FDISK

在分区期间所需的磁盘信息。

客户机 （

Client

）—

向服务器请求服务（例如，电子邮件）的机器。

CHS (Cylinder/Head/Sector)

–

Disk information required by FDISK during partitioning.

CLU

（ 命令行实用程序，

Command Line Utility

）

—

从命令行会话或

shell

运行的程序，

如

Tar

或

Mkdir

。

CLU (Command Line Utility)

–

A program that is run from a command line session, or shell,

such as Tar or Mkdir.

群集（

Cluster

）—

由运行

Linux

的工作站（

PC

或其它机器）组成的网络。（另请参阅―

Beowulf

‖。）

Cluster

–

A network of workstations (PCs or other) running Linux. (Also, see Beowulf.)

COLA

—

因特网新闻组

ce

的简称，该新闻组宣布一些与

Linux

相关

的参考资料。

COLA

–

A

shorthand

way

of

referring

to

the

Internet

newsgroup

ce,

where Linux-related materials are announced.

命令行界面（

Command Line Interface

）（

CLI

）

—

全屏或窗口化的文本方式会话，在 该会

话中用户通过输入命令来执行程序，这些命令可以带参数，也可以不带参数。

CLI

显示来

自操作系统或程序的输出文本 ，并为用户输入提供命令提示符。

Command Line Interface (CLI)

–

A full-screen or windowed text-mode session where the user

executes programs by typing in commands with or without parameters. The CLI displays output

text from the operating system or program and provides a command prompt for user input.

命令提示符

（

Command Prompt

）

—

DOS/Windows

和

OS/2

术语，

是命令行界面的一部 分，

用户在该界面中输入命令。

Command

Prompt

–

The

DOS/Windows

and

OS/2

term

for

the

part

of

the

command

line

interface where the user types commands. (Also, see Shell Prompt.)

编译（

Compile

）—

将编程源代码转换成可执行程序。

Compile

–

To turn programming source code into an executable program.

编译型语言（

Compiled Language

）—

一种语言，它 需要编译器程序将编程源代码转换成可

执行的机器语言二进制程序。

一经编译，

就可从程序的二进制形式多次运行程序，

而无需 再

次编译。

编译型语言／程序运行往往比解释型语言或伪代码语 言快，

但却需要编译器

（可能

很昂贵）

，

而且用编译型语言编程常常会比用解释型语言和伪代码语言编 程难。

编译型语言

的例子有

C

和

C++

、

COBOL

以及

FORTRAN

。

Compiled Language

–

A language that requires a compiler program to turn programming source

code into an executable machine- language binary program. After compiling once, the program can

continue to be run from its binary form without compiling again. Compiled languages/programs

tend

to

be

faster

than

interpreted

or

p-code

languages,

but

require

compilers

(which

can

be

expensive),

and

are

often

more

difficult

to

program

in

than

interpreted

and

p-code

languages.

Examples of compiled languages are C and C++, COBOL, and FORTRAN.

编译器（

Compiler