英语二真题2016答案

英语二真题

2016

答案

【篇一：

2016

年考研英语二真题及答案】

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英语（二）

section i

use of english

directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10

points)

happy people work differently. theyre more productive, more

creative, and willing to take greater risks. and new research

suggests that happiness might influence___1__firms work, too.

companies located in places with happier people invest more,

according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy

places spend more on rd (research and development). thats

because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term

thinking__3__for making investments for the future.

the researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for

risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way

companies invested. so they compared u.s. cities average

happiness__6__by gallup polling with the investment activity

of publicly traded firms in those areas.

__7__enough, firms investment and rd intensity were

correlated with the happiness of the area in which they

were__8__. but it is really happiness thats linked to investment,

or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms

there spend more on rd? to find out, the researchers controlled

for various__10__that

might make firms more likely to invest

—

like size, industry,

and sales

—

and for indicators that a place

was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. the

link between happiness and investment generally__12__even

after accounting for these things.

the correlation between happiness and investment was

particularly strong for younger firms, which the

authors__13__to less codified decision-making process and

the possible presence of younger and less__14__managers

who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. the

relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness

was spread more__16__.firms seem to invest more in places

where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places

with happiness inequality.

__17__ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to

invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it

at least__18__at that possibility. its not hard to imagine that

local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives

think about the future. it surely seems plausible that happy

people would be more forward-thinking and creative

and__20__rd more than the average, said one researcher.

1. [a] why 2. [a] in return 3. [a] sufficient 4. [a] individualism 5.

[a] echo 6. [a] imagined 7. [a] sure

8. [a] advertised 9. [a] explain 10. [a] stages 11. [a] desirable 12.

[a] resumed 13. [a] attribute 14. [a] serious 15. [a] thus 16. [a]

rapidly 17. [a] after 18. [a] arrives 19. [a] shape 20. [a] pray for

[b] where

[b] in particular [b] famous [b] modernism [b] miss [b]

measured [b] odd [b] divided [b] overstate [b] factors [b]

sociable [b] held [b] assign [b] civilized [b] instead [b] regularly

[b] until [b] jumps [b] rediscover [b] lean towards [c] how

[c] in contrast [c] perfect [c] optimism [c] spoil [c] invented [c]

unfortunate [c] overtaxed [c] summarize [c] levels [c] reputable

[c]emerged [c] transfer [c] ambitious [c] also [c] directly [c]

while [c] hints [c] simplify [c] give away [d] when

[d] in conclusion [d] necessary [d] realism [d] change [d]

assumed [d] often

[d] headquartered [d] emphasize [d] methods [d] reliable [d]

broke [d]compare [d]experienced [d] never [d] equally [d] since

[d] strikes [d] share [d] send out

section ii reading comprehension

part a directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below

each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the

answer sheet. (40 points)

text 1

its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for

learning computer science in college. students without

experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said

tom cortina, the assistant dean at carnegie mellons school of

computer science.

however, cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. when

younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not

just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers

—

but a

tool to build apps, or create artwork, or

test hypotheses. its not as hard for them to transform their

thought processes as it is for older students. breaking down

problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them

becomes normal. giving more children this training could

increase the number of people interested in the field and help

fill the jobs gap, cortina said.

the flatiron school, where people pay to learn programming,

started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become

popular for adults looking for a career change. the high-

schoolers get the same curriculum, but we try to gear lessons

toward things theyre interested in, said victoria friedman, an

instructor. for instance, one of the apps the students are

developing suggests movies based on your mood.

the students in the flatiron class probably wont drop out of

high school and build the next facebook. programming

languages have a quick turnover, so the ruby on rails language

they learned may not even be

relevant by the time they enter the job market. but the skills

they learn

—

how to think logically through a problem

and organize the results

—

apply to any coding language, said

deborah seehorn, an education consultant for the

state of north carolina.

indeed, the flatiron students might not go into it at all. but

creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the

classes. these kids are going to be surrounded by

computers

—

in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes

—

for the rest of their lives. the younger they learn how

computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what

they want

—

the earlier they learn that they have the power to

do that

—

the better.

21. cortina holds that early exposure to computer science

makes it easier to____. [a] complete future job training

[b] remodel the way of thinking [c] formulate logical

hypotheses [d] perfect artwork production

22. in delivering lessons for high-schoolers, flatiron has

considered their____. [a] experience

[b] academic backgrounds [c] career prospects

[d] interest 23. deborah seehorn believes that the skills

learned at flatiron will____. [a]. help students learn other

computer languages [b]. have to be upgraded when new

technologies come [c] need improving when students look for

jobs [d] enable students to make big quick money

24. according to the last paragraph, flatiron students are

expected to____. [a] compete with a future army of

programmers

[b] stay longer in the information technology industry [c]

become better prepared for the digitalized world

2

[d] bring forth innovative computer technologies

25. the word coax (para.6) is closest in meaning to____. [a]

challenge [b] persuade [c] frighten [d] misguide

text 2

biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie

chickens

—

a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands

—

once

lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and

southwestern united states. but just some 22,000 birds remain

today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.

the crash was a major reason the u.s fish and wildlife service

(usfws) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. the

lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said usfws

director daniel ashe. some environmentalists, however, were

disappointed. they had pushed the agency to designate the

bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater

regulatory power to crack down on threats. but ashe and

others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal

government flexibility to try out new, potentially less

confrontational conservation approaches. in particular, they

called for forging closer collaborations with western state

governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and

with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of

the prairie chickens habitat.

under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not

prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,

harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-

wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.

negotiated by usfws and the states, the plan requires

individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their

operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed

with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. the fund will also be used

to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. usfws also

set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to

an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. and it

gives the western association of fish and wildlife agencies

(wafwa), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring

progress. overall, the idea is to let states remain in the drivers

seat for managing the species, ashe said.

not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. some congress

members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen

industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups

are challenging it in federal court. not surprisingly, industry

groups and states generally argue it goes too

far ;enviornmentalists doesnt go far enough. the federal

government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to

the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says

biologist jay lininger.

26. the major reason for listing the lesser prairie as

threatened is____.

[a] its drastically decreased population

[b] the underestimate of the grassland acreage [c] a desperate

appeal from some biologists [d] the insistence of private

landowners

threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in

that it_____. [a]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[b] would involve fewer agencies in action [c] granted less

federal regulatory power [d] went against conservation policies

can be learned from paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-

doers will not be prosecuted if they_____. [a] agree to pay a

sum for compensation [b] volunteer to set up an equally big

habitat [c] offer to support the wafwa monitoring job [d]

promise to raise funds for usfws operations

29. according to ashe, the leading role in managing the

species lies in_____. [a] the federal government [b] the wildlife

agencies [c] the landowners [d] the states

lininger would most likely support_____. [a] industry

groups [b] the win-win rhetoric

3

[c] environmental groups [d] the plan under challenge

text 3

what makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-

management techniques dont seem sufficient. the webs full of

articles offering tips on making time to read: give up tv or carry

a book with you at all times. but in my experience, using such

methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. sit down

to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps

spinning or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books

the last thing you need. the modern mind, tim parks, a novelist

and critic, writes, is overwhelmingly inclined toward

communication…it is not simply that one is interrupted; it is

that one is actually inclined to interruption. deep reading

requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be

obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

in fact, becoming more efficient is part of the problem.

thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you

approach it instrumentally; judging any given moment as well

spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal

immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to

risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. try to slot it

as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused

reading

—

useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. the future

comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and

nearly infinite conveyor belt, writes gary eberle in his book

sacred time, and we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized

bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by

without being filled, we will have wasted them. no mind-set

could be worse for losing yourself in a book.

so what does work? perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular

times for reading. youd think this might fuel the efficiency

mind-set, but in fact, eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour

helps us step outside times flow into soul time. you could limit

distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-

purpose e-readers. carry a

book with you at all times can actually work, too

—

providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes

the default state from which you temporarily surface to take

care of business, before dropping back down. on a really good

day, it no longer feels as if youre making time to read, but just

reading, and making time for everything else.

31. the usual time- management techniques dont work

because_____. [a] what they can offer does not ease the

modern mind

[b] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading [c]

what people often forget is carrying a book with them [d] what

deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32. the empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a

pressure to_____. [a] update their to-do lists

[b] make passing time fulfilling [c] carry their plans through [d]

pursue carefree reading

33. eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for

reading helps_____. [a] encourage the efficiency mind-set

[b] develop online reading habits [c] promote ritualistic

reading [d] achieve immersive reading

34. carry a book with you at all times can work if_____. [a]

reading becomes your primary business of the day [b] all the

daily business has been promptly dealt with [c] you are able to

drop back to business after reading [d] time can be evenly split

for reading and business 35. the best title for this text could

be_____.

[a] how to enjoy easy reading [b] how to find time to read [c]

how to set reading goals [d] how to read extensively

4

text 4

against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and

population structure, younger americans are drawing a new

21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

across generational lines, americans continue to prize many

of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,

including getting married, having children, owning a home,

and retiring in their sixties. but while young and old mostly

agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they

offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

young people who are still getting started in life were more

likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their

work, to believe they will advance their careers most by

regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more

public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples

should be financially secure before getting married or having

children, and to maintain that children are best served by two

parents working outside the home, the survey found.

from career to community and family, these contrasts suggest

that in the aftermath of the searing great recession, those just

starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that

will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of

american life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns

to politics.

young and old converge on one key point: overwhelming

majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for

young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier

generations. while younger people are somewhat more

optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those

starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those

just getting started in life face a tougher good-paying job,

starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable

housing.

pete schneider considers the climb tougher today. schneider,

a 27-year-old auto technician from the chicago suburbs says

he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. even

now that he is working steadily, he said. i cant afford to pay my

monthly mortgage payments on my own, so i have to rent

rooms out to people to make that happen. looking back, he is

struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for

their children even though neither had completed college when

he was young. i still grew up in an upper middle-class home

with parents who didnt have college degrees, schneider said, i

dont think people are capable of that anymore.

36. one cross- generation mark of a successful life is_____. [a]

trying out different lifestyles

[b] having a family with children [c] working beyond

retirement age [d] setting up a profitable business

37. it can be learned from paragraph 3 that young people tend

to ____. [a] favor a slower life pace

[b] hold an occupation longer