-
环保
1.
提高燃油价格与环境问题的关系
词汇必备:
contaminative
污染的
a
nation
’
s macro economy
国家宏观经济
environmentalism
环境保护论,环境论
air
quality improvement
改善空气质量
’
s
environmental
garbage
垃圾,废弃物
arouse/raise
people
gasoline
汽油
<
/p>
consciousness
提高人们的环保意识
petrol
汽油
biodegradable materials
生物降解材料
pollution
污染;玷污
exhaust emission
排放尾气
poisonous
有毒的
car
exhaust/emission
汽车尾气
environmental degradation/deterioration
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
环境恶化
combat air pollution
与空气污染作斗争
environmental issues
环境问题
conserve energy
保护能源
environmental-friendly products
domestic
pollution
国内污染
环保产品
Endangered
eco-system
被破坏的生态系统
environmentalist organizations
环保组织
emission
control
尾气排放控制
global warming
全球变暖
energy crisis
能源危机
green consumers
环保消费者
energy efficiency
节能
greenhouse effect
温室效应
environmental concern
对环境的关注度
greenhouse gas
温室气体
pose threat to the
environment
威胁环境
impose taxes
on gasoline
提高汽油税
sustainable development
可持续性发展
industrial
pollution
工业污染
release/discharge
pollutants into the
natural gas
天然气
environment
向环境排放污染物
non-renewable
resources
不可再生资源
toxic chemical substances
policy makers
决策者,制定政策者
有害的化学物质
pollutant/contaminant
污染物
hail/cheer high
gas prices
欢迎燃油加价
pollute/contaminate
污染
动物实验
animal experiments
被绳之以法
be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义者
animal rights
activists
医学研究
medical
research
残忍的
cruel/merciless
/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)
活体揭破
vivisection
麻醉
anaesthetic(BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦
alleviate/ease(vts) animals’
pain
宠物是主人的伙伴
pets are
conpanions of their masters
1
给主人心理安慰
afford their masters consolation and
comfort(n)
偷猎
poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的
there are no replacements/s
ubstitutes/alternatives(
单数去
s
)
for
sth
认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点
(n)
anthropomorphism
濒危动物
endangered species
真题:
The best way
to solve the world
’
s
environmental problems is to increase the cost of
fuel. To what extent
do you agree or
disagree?
开头段:
提供背景知识
环境问题已日渐成为全
球各政府和公民共同关注的焦点。
从北京到纽约,
从东京到伦敦
,
解决这一老问
题的新办法在不断的以更快的速度(
with
an
ever
increasing
speed
)
被提出(
propose
)
、实验、实
行
(
implement
)
。今天,越来越多的人充分相信提高燃油价格将是解决这一问题的最好办法。就我个人观< p>
点而言,这种方法离理想还差得远。
对比两种观点
大家公认为交通和环境问题正在不断激烈(
in
severity
)增长。很多人相信解决这一问题的最好政策就
是提高汽油价格。然而另一些人,坚持认为通过提高油价解决(
comba
t
)这一问题是不明智的。在我看
来,两种观点似乎都合理(<
/p>
reasonable
)
。在我的论文中
,我将详细说明(
expound
)我的观点。
不同意:
一个最明显的原因是:大量
的企业(
enterprise
)和个体非常依赖汽油,他们会
很少或者根本不注意汽油
的价格,因为他们要创造财富,
尤其,
当企业给他们带来的收入和利润同油价一样也在增长的时候,
甚
至有的时候长得比油价更快。另外,即使增加油价在一定程度上对于限制汽油使用上有效,
,事实上,
汽油的消费,
在造成现在环境问题方面,
顶多只有一半责任。
剩下的很大一部分因素是由于人口在增长,
以大量物种正在灭绝,地球上的空气和水日益被污染这一事实。
让步:
我
承认增加燃油价格在一定程度上能够解决问题。
这是因为,
油价
变高了,
用油的人可能变少了,
汽车
使
用数量也可能下降。然而,要解决交通问题,
不仅油价需要提
高,还要采取一些其他的措施,比如
说改善(
ameliora
te
)公共交通可能要纳入考虑的范畴。
(
take into consideration
)
。
结尾段:
虽然提高油价对于保护环境有一定的帮助,但是,要完全解决环境问题必须采取一些其他的有效措施。
二.我们如何看待“垃圾社会”问题
2
真题:
Many people believe that we have
developed into a
“
throw-away
society
”
because we are
filling up the
environment with so many
plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot properly
dispose of. To what extent do you
agree
with this opinion and what measures can you
recommend reducing this problem?
开头段:
套句法:
在今天的社会,
存在这一种广泛传播的趋势:
一大批国家正走向
一个所谓的垃圾社会,
也就是被各种各
样我们无法有效处理的垃
圾覆盖。
这种趋势不仅在发达的工业国家可以找到,在发展中
国家,甚至更
穷的国家也有。
现象法:
认为我们已经真正变成了一个被各种各样的没有恰当处理的垃圾填充的“垃圾社会”
p>
。
原因:
有很多原因导致这一状况。
最显著的
是人们缺乏保护环境的意识(
consciousness
)<
/p>
,他们在使用各种产
品如塑料袋前、
在导
致无数垃圾之前从来没有三思而后行。
另外一个原因是人口增长导致人们对物质需
求的加大,这必定会导致垃圾增多。
措施:
另外,在环保问题上有些好消
息。例如,官方(
authorities
)已经开始朝可持续
发展环境的方向努力。
有些法律正在被介绍给政府,来惩治那些破坏自然环境的个人和集
体。显然要处理这一问题并不简单,
因为垃圾不可能自动、直接消失(
< br>vanish
)
,
尤其是我们有意(
intentionally
)
无意地(
accidentally
)在
增加垃圾。
不过历史证明人类展示了一种战胜任何困难和挑
战的能力,
比如说瘟疫
(
plague
)
、
饥饿等。
科
学
家
,
正<
/p>
在
努
力
发
明
和
创
新
(
innovate
)
,
他
们
带
来
p>
了
新
的
、
某
一
天
可
以
取
代
不
< br>能
降
解
的
(
non-
biodegraded
)
塑料。
<
/p>
另外,
一些新的机器也已经发明,
可以很
大程度上改变这一现状
(
on a large
scale
)
。
结尾段:
由于人们对消费品需求的增长和对环境问题的慢反应,
垃圾处理
的问题显然是存在的。
要解决这个问题,
需要政府采取行动,同
时科技也要取得进步。
阅读材料:
Water resources around
the world are falling dificient. Analyse the
possible reasons and provide
your
suggestions.
Access to
water is vital to every living creature on the
planet. Despite the fact that approximately two
thirds of
the earth surface is covered
with all forms of water bodies, countries
worldwide are faced with different levels
of water shortages. Some reasons can be
cited to explain the emergence of this problem.
A trigger for a water
crisis is people
’
s lack of
knowledge of the value of water. Given the ready
availability of
water
in
many
countries,
people
tend
to
believe
that
the
reserve
of
water
in
the
world
is
infinite.
Notwithstanding the increased
expenditure on water supply, water is perceived as
a cheap commodity by many
families.
Many
people
see
water
as
a
perpetual
resource.
For
this
reason,
the
uncontrolled
use
of
water
is
commonplace, accelerating
the exhaustion of this valuable resource.
3
Rapid population growth is another
force contributing to the water crisis. Not only
does it reduce the amount
of
water
available
for
manufacture,
farming
and
households,
but
also
has
a
profound
effect
on
the
sustainability
of
water-related
ecosystems.
Many
water
resources
are
not
refilled
before
being
re-used
and
depleted.
Human-
induced
pollution
is
worthy
of
concern
as
well,
a
factor
regarded
by
many
as
the
root
cause
of
the
rapid
loss
of
drinkable
water.
The
untreated
discharge
of
various
pollutants
such
as
heavy
metals,
oils
and
solids
in
water
bodies
is
believed
to
have
severe
impacts.
Industrialization,
meanwhile,
results
in
abnormal
climate and biological destruction.
While some areas have become dry, other areas are
hit by floods.
As noted above, the steady loss of
water attributes to inappropriate usage,
population growth and pollution. In
order
to
tackle
with
the
above-
mentioned
problems,
one
can
adapt
various
approaches,
besides
the
existing
strategies,
such
as
restoration
of
ecosystems.
New
technologies
can
help
ease
water
shortages,
by
tackling
pollution
and
making
used
water
recyclable.
In
agriculture,
water
use
can
be
made
far
more
efficient
by
introducing new farming techniques.
Drought-resistant plants can help cut the amount
of water needed.
作业:
Some people believe that
air travel should be restricted because it causes
serious pollution and will use
up the
world
’
s resources. Do you
agree or disagree?
Traffic
常见题目
1.
Nowadays,
traffic
jam
becomes
a
major
problem
in
many
countries
all
over
the
world.
What
are
the
causes and how can it be
solved?
2.
In
many
countries,
traffic
is
increasing
at
an
alarming
rate.
What
problems
it
may
cause?
Give
your
advices about how to
solve the problem.
3. Air
travel has become a cheaper form of transport.
Some people think it is a positive development but
others
think it is not. Discuss.
4. Many people using their
cars for everyday use causes a lot of problems.
What are the problems and how can
we
solve them? Should people be discouraged to use
cars?
4