-
高中英语动词的时态语态详解
在英语中，句子
不仅有时间状语说明动作发生的时间，
其谓语动词本身也有形式的变
化来指示时间，这种表明谓语动词发生时间的动词形式称为时态
。语态是表现主语和
谓语
关系的另一种动词形式。
一
动词的时态
一般说来，
发生在现在的事情用现在的时态进行描述；
发生在过去的事情用过去的时态进
行描述；将要发生的事情用将来的时态进行描述。英语中的时态共计
16
种，但常用的有
11
种。
(
以动词
do
为例
)
1
．
一般现在时（
do/does)
；
<
/p>
2
．一般过去时
(did)
；
3
．一般将来时
( will do/
shall do
）；
4
．一般过去将来时
( would
do/should do)
；
5
．现在进行时
(
am/is/are doing)
；
6
．过去进行时
(was/were
doing)
；
7
．将来进行时
(
will/shall be doing)
；
8
．现在完成时
(have/has
done)
；
9
．过去完成时
( had
done)
；
10
．将来完成时
(
will/shall have done)
；
11
．现在完成进行时
(
have/has been doing)
；
1.
一般现在时
（
1
）一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的性质、动作或状态
的时态
常用时间状语：
sometimes, often,
always, usually,
seldom
，
every day / night /
week / month / year,
in the morning, in
the afternoon, in the evening, at night
（
2
）表示经常发生的动作
,
习惯性的动作或存在的状态
I
usually get up at four every morning when
it
’
s still dark.
He always goes to work late,which makes
his boss angry and disappointed.
（
3
）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实及自然现象
The sun rises in the east
and sets in the west every day.
The man who has never been to the Great
Wall is not a real man.
Trees turn
green in spring.
Liquid turns
into gas when it is hot enough.
（
4
）表示格言或警句中
Pride goes
before a fall.
Knowledge is
power
．
Practice makes
perfect.
（
5
）一般现在时表将来
< br>表示已经计划、
安排好了或时间表上所安排，
并且一定要
做的事情。
用于这种句型的动词主
要是瞬间动词：
come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop,
close, open
等。
The
train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten
past eight.
Our class
begins at 7:45.
The shop opens
at eight o
’
clock.
（
6
）在状
语从句中表示将来
时间、
条件、
方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，
用一般现
在时表示
将来。
Whatever the weather
is like tomorrow,our ship will set sail for Macao.
When he gets here, the work will be
finished.
Though he
disagrees with us, he will do as we decided.
2.
一般过去时
（
1
）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
< br>
常用时间状语：
last year,
yesterday,just now,at that moment,a few days
ago,in the past,etc.
Tom suddenly fell
ill yesterday and had to stay home for another
day.
She looked very well when I last
saw her.
（
2
）表示在过去
一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作
可以和“
often
，
always
，
once a
week
”等表示频度的时间状语连用。
When I was in the countryside, I often
walked by the riverside.
She used to study late into the night
when she was in Senior Three.
3.
一般将来时
（
1
）一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来
某一段时间内经常的动作或状态
常常和表示将来的时间状语连用
:tomorrow,next week,in the future,etc.
will/shall +
动词原形
（
2
）
表示将
来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，
will
用于各种人
称
,shall
只用于第一
人称
,
但现代英语中二者常通用。
I will / shall go to visit
him next week.
It
’
ll soon be
Christmas and the New Year.
He
’
ll lose the
job if he doesn
’
t work hard.
（
3
）其他表示将来的形式
A. be going to do
a.
在说之前已经决定或安排在未来要做的事情。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
How are you going to spend your
holidays?
b.
表示说话者根据现在的现象或者征兆预测不久即将发生的事情。
Look at the dark is going to be a
storm.
There
’
s
going to be a lot of trouble about this.
to do
表示按照计划中约定
的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事情或即将发生的动作。
We are to
discuss the report next Saturday.
The
engineer is to visit our factory next week.
C.
be about to do
表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don
’
t go
’
re about to have dinner.
The new school year is about to begin.
Don
’
t worry. I am
about to make a close examination on you.
4.
现在进行时
（
1
）表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态
常用时间状语：
now,right
now,at this moment,at present,etc.
We
are making preparations for the conference.
Now watch carefully and see what is
happening in the experiment.
Today is
my first day at Senior High school and
I
’
m writing down my thoughts
about it.
（
2
）表示现阶
段正在进行，但此时此刻不一定正在进行的动作
常用时间状语：
these days,this
month,this term,this
week
，
etc.
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
George is working on a new book about
stories in schools.
Since I won the big
prize,my telephone hasn
’
t
stopped are phoning to ask how
I am
going to spend the money.
（
3
）系表结构用进行时表示渐变
常用系动词：
get, grow, become,
turn, run, go, begin,etc.
The leaves are turning red.
It`s getting
warmer and warmer.
（
4
）与
always, constantly, forever
等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往
往带有说话人的主观
色彩。
You are
always changing your mind.
Why are you
always coming late for work?You are close to being
suspended.
（
5
）有些瞬
间动词用于进行时态，往往表示“即将
......
”
常与一个表示将来的时间状语连
用，常用的这类动词有：
come,go,leave,start,begin,stop,arrive,stay,ret
urn,etc.
Let
’
s hurry
’
s beginning to rain.
I
’
m taking my
daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.
（
6
）不用进行时的动词
A.
表示事实状态的动词，
例如
have, keep,stay,belong, possess, cost,
owe, exist, include, contain,
matter,
weigh, measure, continue
等。
This house
belongs to my sister.
This rule about
primary school students having evening classes
remains to be further discussed.
B.
表示心理状态的动词
,
例如
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree,
recognize, remember,
want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand,
love, hate
等。
He loves her very much.
C.
瞬间动词，例如
accept,
receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide,
refuse
等。
I accept your advice.
D.
系动词，例如
seem,
remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn
等。
You seem a
little tired.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：贾平凹的名言佳句_1
下一篇：2011-2019广东高考英语听说考试三问整理