语言学第三章练习 2

Chapter

3

：

From

Morpheme

to

Phrase

形态学

I.

Decide

whether

each

of

the

following

statements

is

True

or

False:

1.

Morphology

studies

the

internal

structure

of

words

and

the

rules

by

which

words

a

re

formed.

are

the

smallest

meaningful

units

of

language.

3.

Just

as

a

phoneme

is

the

basic

unit

in

the

study

of

phonology,

so

is

a

morpheme

the

basic

unit

in

the

study

of

morphology.

4.

The

smallest

meaningful

units

that

can

be

used

freely

all

by

themselves

are

free

m

orphemes.

5.

Bound

morphemes

include

two

types:

roots

and

affixes.

6.

Inflectional

morphemes

manifest

various

grammatical

relations

or

grammatical

categ

ories

such

as

number,

tense,

degree,

and

case.

7.

The

existing

form

to

which

a

derivational

affix

can

be

added

is

called

a

stem,

whi

ch

can

be

a

bound

root,

a

free

morpheme,

or

a

derived

form

itself.

8.

Prefixes

usually

modify

the

part

of

speech

of

the

original

word,

not

the

meaning

o

f

it.

9.

There

are

rules

that

govern

which

affix

can

be

added

to

what

type

of

stem

to

for

m

a

new

word.

Therefore,

words

formed

according

to

the

morphological

rules

are

acc

eptable

words.

10.

Phonetically,

the

stress

of

a

compound

always

falls

on

the

first

element,

while

the

second

element

receives

secondary

stress.

II.

Fill

in

each

blank

below

with

one

word

which

begins

with

the

letter

given:

11.

Morpheme

is

the

smallest

meaningful

unit

of

language.

12.

The

affix

“

-ish

”

in

the

word

boyish

conveys

a

grammatical

meaning.

13.

Bound

morphemes

are

those

that

cannot

be

used

independently

but

have

to

be

co

mbined

with

other

morphemes,

either

free

or

bound,

to

form

a

word.

14.

Affixes

are

of

two

types:

inflectional

affixes

and

derivative

affixes.

15.

Derivative

affixes

are

added

to

an

existing

form

to

create

words.

16.

A

suffix

is

added

to

the

end

of

stems

to

modify

the

meaning

of

the

original

wor

d

and

it

may

case

change

its

part

of

speech.

17.

Compounding

is

the

combination

of

two

or

sometimes

more

than

two

words

to

cr

eate

new

words.

18.

The

rules

that

govern

which

affix

can

be

added

to

what

type

of

stem

to

form

a

new

word

are

called

morphological

rules.

19.

In

terms

of

morphemic

analysis,

derivation

can

be

viewed

as

the

addition

of

affix

es

to

stems

to

form

new

words.

20.

A

stem

can

be

a

bound

root,

a

free

morpheme,

or

a

derived

form

itself

to

which

a

derivational

affix

can

be

added.

III.

There

are

four

choices

following

each

statement.

Mark

the

choice

that

can

be

st

complete

the

statement:

21. The

morpheme

“

vision

”

in

the

common

word

“

television< /p>

”

is

a(n)

______.

A.

bound

morpheme

B.

bound

form

C.

inflectional

morpheme

D.

free

morpheme

22.

The

compound

word

“

bookstore

”

is

the

place

where

books

are

sold.

This

indica

tes

that

the

meaning

of

a

compound ______.

A. is

the

sum

total

of

the

meaning

of

its

components

B. can

always

be

worked

out

by

looking

at

the

meanings

of

morphemes

C. is

the

same

as

the

meaning

of

a

free

phrase.

D. None

of

the

above.

23.

The

part

of

speech

of

the

compounds

is

generally

determined

by

the

part

of

spee

ch

of

_______.

A.

the

first

element B.

the

second

element

C.

either

the

first

or

the

second

element

D.

both

the

first

and

the

second

elements.

24.

_______

are

those

that

cannot

be

used

independently

but

have

to

be

combined

wi

th

other

morphemes,

either

free

or

bound,

to

form

a

word.

A.

Free morphemes B.

Bound

morphemes

C.

Bound

words D.

Words

25.

_____

is

a

branch

of

grammar

which

studies

the

internal

structure

of

words

and

t

he

rules

by

which

words

are

formed.

A.

Syntax r

C.

Morphology D.

Morpheme

26. The

meaning

carried

by

the

inflectional

morpheme

is

_______.

A.

lexical B.

morphemic

C.

grammatical

D.

semantic

27. Bound

morphemes

are

those

that

___________.

A. have

to

be

used

independently

B.

can

not

be

combined

with

other

morphemes

C. can

either

be

free

or

bound

D. have

to

be

combined

with

other

morphemes.