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Chapter
3
：
From
Morpheme
to
Phrase
形态学
I.
Decide
whether
each
of
the
following
statements
is
True
or
False:
1.
Morphology
studies
the
internal
structure
of
words
and
the
rules
by
which
words
a
re
formed.
are
the
smallest
meaningful
units
of
language.
3.
Just
as
a
phoneme
is
the
basic
unit
in
the
study
of
phonology,
so
is
a
morpheme
the
basic
unit
in
the
study
of
morphology.
4.
The
smallest
meaningful
units
that
can
be
used
freely
all
by
themselves
are
free
m
orphemes.
5.
Bound
morphemes
include
two
types:
roots
and
affixes.
6.
Inflectional
morphemes
manifest
various
grammatical
relations
or
grammatical
categ
ories
such
as
number,
tense,
degree,
and
case.
7.
The
existing
form
to
which
a
derivational
affix
can
be
added
is
called
a
stem,
whi
ch
can
be
a
bound
root,
a
free
morpheme,
or
a
derived
form
itself.
8.
Prefixes
usually
modify
the
part
of
speech
of
the
original
word,
not
the
meaning
o
f
it.
9.
There
are
rules
that
govern
which
affix
can
be
added
to
what
type
of
stem
to
for
m
a
new
word.
Therefore,
words
formed
according
to
the
morphological
rules
are
acc
eptable
words.
10.
Phonetically,
the
stress
of
a
compound
always
falls
on
the
first
element,
while
the
second
element
receives
secondary
stress.
II.
Fill
in
each
blank
below
with
one
word
which
begins
with
the
letter
given:
11.
Morpheme
is
the
smallest
meaningful
unit
of
language.
12.
The
affix
“
-ish
”
in
the
word
boyish
conveys
a
grammatical
meaning.
13.
Bound
morphemes
are
those
that
cannot
be
used
independently
but
have
to
be
co
mbined
with
other
morphemes,
either
free
or
bound,
to
form
a
word.
14.
Affixes
are
of
two
types:
inflectional
affixes
and
derivative
affixes.
15.
Derivative
affixes
are
added
to
an
existing
form
to
create
words.
16.
A
suffix
is
added
to
the
end
of
stems
to
modify
the
meaning
of
the
original
wor
d
and
it
may
case
change
its
part
of
speech.
17.
Compounding
is
the
combination
of
two
or
sometimes
more
than
two
words
to
cr
eate
new
words.
18.
The
rules
that
govern
which
affix
can
be
added
to
what
type
of
stem
to
form
a
new
word
are
called
morphological
rules.
19.
In
terms
of
morphemic
analysis,
derivation
can
be
viewed
as
the
addition
of
affix
es
to
stems
to
form
new
words.
20.
A
stem
can
be
a
bound
root,
a
free
morpheme,
or
a
derived
form
itself
to
which
a
derivational
affix
can
be
added.
III.
There
are
four
choices
following
each
statement.
Mark
the
choice
that
can
be
st
complete
the
statement:
21. The
morpheme
“
vision
”
in
the
common
word
“
television<
/p>
”
is
a(n)
______.
A.
bound
morpheme
B.
bound
form
C.
inflectional
morpheme
D.
free
morpheme
22.
The
compound
word
“
bookstore
”
is
the
place
where
books
are
sold.
This
indica
tes
that
the
meaning
of
a
compound ______.
A. is
the
sum
total
of
the
meaning
of
its
components
B. can
always
be
worked
out
by
looking
at
the
meanings
of
morphemes
C.
is
the
same
as
the
meaning
of
a
free
phrase.
D. None
of
the
above.
23.
The
part
of
speech
of
the
compounds
is
generally
determined
by
the
part
of
spee
ch
of
_______.
A.
the
first
element
B.
the
second
element
C.
either
the
first
or
the
second
element
D.
both
the
first
and
the
second
elements.
24.
_______
are
those
that
cannot
be
used
independently
but
have
to
be
combined
wi
th
other
morphemes,
either
free
or
bound,
to
form
a
word.
A.
Free
morphemes B.
Bound
morphemes
C.
Bound
words D.
Words
25.
_____
is
a
branch
of
grammar
which
studies
the
internal
structure
of
words
and
t
he
rules
by
which
words
are
formed.
A.
Syntax r
C.
Morphology D.
Morpheme
26. The
meaning
carried
by
the
inflectional
morpheme
is
_______.
A.
lexical B.
morphemic
C.
grammatical
D.
semantic
27. Bound
morphemes
are
those
that
___________.
A.
have
to
be
used
independently
B.
can
not
be
combined
with
other
morphemes
C. can
either
be
free
or
bound
D. have
to
be
combined
with
other
morphemes.
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