-
星期
2 Tuesday
Happiness
is nearly always a rebound from hard
work.
辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。
学习内容
Text A
Text B
Text C
Text D
今日练习
Text A
Beauty is a curious phenomenon, one of
permeable, shifting boundaries. We may think we
understand it, since we sense it
effortlessly. In fact, it is a bundle of mysteries
researchers are still
uncovering.
Consider the ancient proverb: beauty is
in the eye of the beholder. Until about 30 years
ago it
seemed too obvious for
scientists to bother with. When they finally
tested it, their results startled
them.
On the one hand, the maxim is false.
Facial beauty is the same throughout the world. In
every
tribe
and
culture,
individuals
will
consider
Marilyn
Monroe,
say,
an
attractive
woman.
It
goes
further.
Males can identify good-looking men, and females
charming women. Old and young, rich
and
poor,
learned
and
ignorant,
all
agree
on
who
is
beautiful.
So
do
people
of
every
class
and
personality type.
We
don
’
t learn this response.
We
’
re born with it. In one
recent study, babies just 20 hours old
recognized attractive faces and
preferred them. So beauty is in our DNA. The eye
of the beholder
doesn
’
t matter.
On the other hand, and this is where it
gets interesting, the facial shell is just the
foundation
of beauty. We see the self
in the face, every day, all the time, and we
can
’
t distinguish the two.
This
blurring
means
that
we
gift
the
attractive
with
a
large
number
of
virtues.
They
seem
more competent,
likeable, happier, blessed with better lives and
personalities. In one experiment,
people predicted happier marriages and
better jobs for them, and rated them lower on only
one
aspect: their caliber as parents.
Another study found people consider them more
amiable, happy,
flexible, pleasure-
seeking, serious, candid, outspoken, perceptive,
confident, assertive, curious and
active.
They
exert
more
control
over
their
destiny,
subjects
felt,
while
the
homely
endure
the
world
’
s sudden
change.
It is calle
d the
“beautiful is good” stereotype, and it grants the
attractive a parade of boons.
Teachers
consider them smarter and give them higher grades.
Bosses promote them faster. In one
tale
in
The Thousand and One
Nights
, a thief steals a coin-bag, and
when the victim accuses him,
people
protest: “No, he’
s such a handsome
youth. He wouldn
’t steal anything!” In
fact, attractive
people can shoplift
with greater ease, since witnesses are less likely
to report them. And when they
do stand
before the court, juries acquit them more readily
and judges give them lighter penalties.
1. The proverb “beauty is in the eye of
beholder” means
[A] that
beauty can only be admitted when most people
recognize it.
[B] whether somebody is
beautiful depends on the person who is looking.
题
材
社会现象类
科技应用类
文学人物类
体育人物类
词
数
394
590
424
560
建议时间
5
分钟
7
分钟
6
分钟
7
分钟
错误统计
做题备忘
/4
/5
/5
/6
[C] that beauty can be measured
according to the attractive eyes.
[D]
that beauty can be judged only by grown-ups.
2. Which of the following can best
substitute the word “caliber”
in Para.
6
?
[A] Desire.
[B] Curiosity.
[C] Habit.
[D] Competence.
3. Which of the following is true about
the beauty?
[A] The beauty is more
likely to shoplift.
[B] The beauty
inside is more important than facial beauty.
[C] The beauty may still commit the
same crime as the commons.
[D] The
beauty usually leads unpleasant life.
4. The author
’s attitude
towards “beautiful is good” is
[A] objective.
[B]
approving.
[C] questioning.
[D] critical.
Text B
It
’
s Saturday
afternoon and you would love to play a few rounds
of golf, but fear that you
might not
get enough tee (
高尔夫球座
) time
at the closest public links. Instead, you decide
to go
down to the athletic club a few
blocks away. There, you enter a private room,
press a button, and
look at the large
screen on the wall in front of you. The screen
flickers, blinks, and
presto(
转眼间
)
—
you are suddenly on one of
the world
’
s great golf
courses, perhaps St. Andrews in Scotland.
You tee off on the plastic turf
whacking your ball against the screen. A blurred
copy of the ball
slices
or
hooks
down
the
fairway(
平坦球道
).
Computers,
infrared
beams,
and
photo-
optical
detectors
track
the
ball
’
s
spin,
speed,
and
direction.
You
are
totally
immersed
in
the
three-dimensional computer generated
world.
Virtual reality is
created by using display and control technology to
surround its users with an
artificial
environment
that
mimics
real
life.
Through
the
use
of
visual
and
sound effects,
things
that don
’
t exist
can be made to appear to exist. Virtual realty
allows users to manipulate objects on
the
screen
so
they
can
become
full
participants
in
the
three-
dimensional
setting
that
envelops
them.
Already,
virtual
reality
systems
have
many
practical
applications.
Most
notably,
the
technology
is
being
used
to
make
simulations
of
cars
or
buildings
during
the
design
phase,
to
provide instruction in
technical subjects like engineering, and to
introduce new surgical techniques.
But
this
technology
’
s
most
advanced
applications
at
the
moment
are
in
entertainment
such
as
virtual
reality golf and the virtual reality arcade game
rooms sprouting up all over the world.
The idea of using computers to render
artificial but useful environments began as early
as the
1960s,
but
the
computer
power
needed
to
generate
3-D
graphics
was
so
costly
that
only
government agencies such as U.S.
national Aeronautics and Space Administration,
along with a
few university labs, could
afford it. The field began to grow in the mid
1980s when Jaron Lanier
coined
the
term
“virtual
reality”
and
founded
VPI
Research
Inc.,
the
first
high
-tech
company
dedicated to the virtual reality field.
Since then companies world wide have come to
recognize the
technology
’
s
commercial
potential
and
have
entered
the
market.
In
the
U.S.
for
example,
the
aerospace
giant
Boeing
has
organized
a
company-wide
steering
committee
to
explore
virtual
reality
’
s
potential applications.
Current
virtual
reality
research
shows
numerous
potential
applications
of
the
interactive
technology:
EDUCATION:
Educators say virtual reality can offer
alternatives to the way students learn.
Some educators, in fact, are already
using virtual reality systems in the classroom. At
Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute,
architectural students move around in an animated
image of the Parthenon,
examining that
noble structure
’
s roof and
columns.
DESIGN: Architects
are expected to be the biggest users of virtual
reality design applications.
One
experimental system now allows an architect to
move through the design of a virtual hospital
in a virtual wheelchair to test access
to doors, hallways, light switches, and other
design elements.
MEDICINE:
Virtual reality is giving scientists the ability
to work surrounded by images of
molecules
and
other
objects
that
once
required
an
electronic
microscope
study.
Researchers
predict that surgeons in training will
be able to practice on electronic corpses while
experienced
surgeons will benefit from
new techniques developed from virtual reality
applications.
“Virtual reality offers
another window, but one that a scientist can climb
through to interact
directly with
scientific abstractions,” says Howard Rheingold,
author of Virtual Reality. “Virtual
reality has the potential to become a
microscope of the mind.”
5.
By citing the example of golf, the author intends
to
[A] indicate that people love to
play golf on Saturday afternoon.
[B] suggest that people go to athletic
clubs to play golf.
[C] show how people
play golf on the three-dimensional world.
[D] introduce the topic of virtual
reality.
6. People can fully
participate in the three-dimensional world because
virtual reality makes
[A]
things which don’t exist
app
ear to exist.
[B] users
fall into an illusion.
[C] it possible
to manipulate objects on the screen.
[D] users surrounded by an artificial
environment.
7. Now the most advanced
applications of virtual reality are in
[A] design.
[B]
entertainment.
[C] education.
[D] surgery.
8. Why did the field of virtual reality
begin to develop only in the mid 1980s?
[A] The computer equipment needed in
this field was so expensive.
[B]
Computer technology just started to grow at that
time.
[C] The idea
didn
’
t occur to
people
’
s mind at an earlier
time.
[D] J
aron Lanier
coined the term “virtual reality”
then.
9. According to passage, which of the
following is NOT true?
[A]
Jaron Lanier contributed much to the development
of virtual reality.
[B] Students can
learn in a new way through the application of
virtual reality in education.
[C]
Virtual reality is supposed to be applied most
widely in car designing.
[D] Scientists
are able to work in an artificial environment
through virtual reality applications.
Text C
Thomas
Hardy
’
s impulses as a
writer, all of which he indulged in his novels,
were numerous
and
divergent,
and
they
did
not
always
work
together
in
harmony.
Hardy
was
to
some
degree
interested
in
exploring
his
characters
’
psychologies,
though
impelled
less
by
curiosity
than
by
sympathy. Occasionally he felt the
impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness)
as well as the
impulse to farce, but he
was more often inclined to see tragedy and record
it. He was also inclined
to literary
realism in several senses of that phrase. He
wanted to describe ordinary human beings:
he wanted to speculate on their
dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even
schematically); and
he wanted to record
precisely the material universe. Finally, he
wanted to be more than a realist.
He
wanted to transcend what he considered to be
triviality of solely recording things exactly and
to express as well his awareness of the
mysterious and the strange.
In his
novels these various impulses were sacrificed to
each other often inevitably. As Hardy
did not care in the way that novelists
such as Flaubert or James cared, therefore he took
paths of
least resistance. Thus one
impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and,
unfortunately, instead of
exacting a
compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw
over reality a light might give way
abruptly to the desire on the part of
what we might consider a novelist-scientist to
record exactly
and concretely the
structure and texture of a flower. In this
instance, the new impulse was at least
an energetic one, and thus its
indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But
on other occasions
Hardy abandoned a
perilous, risky and highly energizing impulse in
favor of what was for him the
fatally
relaxing
impulse
to
classify
and
schematize
abstractly.
When
a
relaxing
impulse
was
indulged,
the
style
—
that
sure
index
of
an
author
’
s
literary
worth
—
was
certain
to
become
verbose. Hardy
’
s
weakness derived from his apparent inability to
control the comings and goings
of these
divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to
cultivate and sustain the energetic and
risky
ones.
He
submitted
to
the
first
one
and
then
another,
and
the
spirit
blew
where
it
listed;
hence the unevenness of any of his
novels. His most controlled novel, Under the
Greenwood Tree,
prominently exhibits
two different but reconcilable impulses
—
a desire to be a realist-
historian
and a desire to be a
psychologist of love
—
but
the slight interlocking of plot are not enough to
bind the two completely together. Thus
even this book splits into two distinct parts.
10. Thomas Hardy wanted to do all the
following EXCEPT
[A] explore
his characters’ psycholog
y.
[B] describe ordinary human beings.
[C] take pains to effect a compromise
among various impulses.
[D] express his
awareness of the mysterious and the strange.
11. According to the passage,
a writer’s style
is
[A] a reliable means to measure his/her
literary merit.
[B] most apparent in
those parts of his/her works that are not
realistic.
[C] problematic when he/she
attempts to follow perilous or risky impulses.
[D] shaped primarily by his/her desire
to classify and schematize.
12. Which
of the following methods is NOT used by the author
in analyzing Hardy
’
s novels?
[A] Comparing Hardy with other famous
novelists.
[B] Analyzing the
development of Hardy
’
s
impulses.
[C] Affirming
Hardy
’
s success while
pointing out imbalance in his novels.
[D] Trying to prove Hardy is a total
failure as a writer.
13.
What
’
s the
author
’
s view on
Hardy’s novel
Under the Greenwood Tree
?
[A] It shows
Hardy’s
novelistic im
pulses more successfully
than his other novels.
[B]
It is Hardy’s most thorough
investigation of the psychology of
love.
[C] It does not
exhibit any harsh or risky impulse.
[D]
It
reveals Hardy’
s interest
in the ordinary human beings.
14. Which
of the following is the most appropriate title?
[A] Under the Greenwood Tree:
Hardy
’
s Ambiguous Triumph.
[B] The Real and the Strange: The
Novelist
’
s Shifting Realms.
[C] Energy versus Repose: The Role of
Ordinary People in Hardy
’
s
Fiction.
[D]
Hardy
’
s Novelistic Impulses:
The Problem of Control.
Text D
Tony Ronzone likes to boast that he
knows a word or two in several foreign languages.
He
might be better off if he
didn
’
t try to use them all
at once. A few weeks ago, Ronzone, director of
international
scouting
for
the
NBA
champion
Detroit
Pistons,
appeared
at
a
basketball
clinic
in
Mexico,
where
he
attempted
to
teach
a
young
Spanish-speaking
prospect
how
best
to
position
himself
around
the
rim.
“Demand
the
qiu
!”
Ronzone
shouted.
“Get
your
cerveza
under
the
basket!”
Qiu
is
Chinese
for
ball.
Cerveza
means
beer
in
Spanish.
Ronzone
may
have
confused
cerveza
with
cabeza
, Spanish for head,
though he admits, “I’m not sure I knew
that.”
The irony that the
world
’
s best international
basketball scout is also the
world
’
s worst student
of foreign languages is not lost on
Ronzone
’s peers. “He can’t speak any
language at all,” laughs
John
Hammond,
the
Pistons
’
vice
president
of
basketball
operations.
“Yet
he
travels
to
those
obscure
places and builds lasting relationships with all
kinds of people. It
’s amazing.” Adds
Donn
Nelson, the president of
basketball operations for the Dallas Mavericks and
one of Ronzone
’
s old
friends:
“Tony’
s
success
is
a
tribute
to
his
personality.
He
’
s
just
—
I
guess
the
word
is
unembarrassable.”
Most
people
think
of
scouting
as
the
ability
to
recognize
talent.
This
—
it
turns
out
—
is
relatively
easy.
Good
basketball
players
are
usually
quite
tall,
quite
fast
and
quite
skillful
at
shooting a basketball. The difficult
part in a world of 6 billion people is actually
finding those who
are
tall,
fast
and
coordinated,
and
the
extremely
difficult
part
is
finding
them
before
the
competition does. Ronzone has conquered
this problem despite his afflicted tongue by
building a
global network of coaches,
journalists and friends who tip him off to the
location of the world
’
s
most gifted young players.
In order to stay in touch with more
than 400 people on five continents in a meaningful
way,
one has to have a certain natural
enthusiasm. “An uptight guy would not succeed at
this job,” says
Pistons president Joe
Dumars. “Tony will try every single food and
drink. He’
ll smile.
He
’
ll laugh.
He
’s easy to like.”
It’
s true. When Ronzone arrives in a
country
—
friendless and
unannounced
—
his
strategy for expanding his network frequently
consists of walking up to people, saying hello
and starting to talk about basketball
in his train-wreck sentences. More often than not,
they talk
back.
As a rule, Ronzone looks for the same
things most scouts look for: hand skills, shooting
and
footwork. Unlike most scouts,
though, he never takes notes while evaluating
players and usually
refrains from
asking a coach questions until a third or fourth
meeting. “The big reason is respect,”
he says, “Some guys go to practices and
they focus on one pla
yer and scribble a
bunch of notes; it
comes off
arrogant.”
With so many
people helping him find talent and keep secrets,
Ronzone now spends as much
time
maintaining contacts as scouting players. Some of
the favors he does are fairly minor. When
an
Israeli
journalist
he
knows
asks
for
an
interview
with
a
Pistons
player,
Ronzone
sets
it
up
instantly. “It’s easy for
me to do,” he says, “and there are a couple of
players over there I really
like. This
guy could help me find out their contact info, or
at least g
et me some good
falafel.”
15. The example of
cerveza is to show that Ronzone
[A] can
speak Chinese well, but he knows little Spanish.
[B] is not sure he knew that.
[C] can
’
t speak
foreign languages well.
[D]
feels ashamed of his poor Spanish.
16.
According to Donn Nelson, Ronzone
[A] never feels self-conscious.
[B] is over-talkative.
[C]
is a boastful person.
[D] likes
traveling and meeting people.
17. The
hardest thing for a basketball scout is that
[A] he must build a global
network of coaches, journalists and friends.
[B] he has to have the ability to
recognize talent.
[C] he must travel
all over the world to look for the promising young
players.
[D] he has to find
the gifted young players before they are found by
other scouts .
18. Ronzone is different
from most basketball scouts in that
[A] he is not a good foreign language
learner.
[B] he keeps in touch with
many coaches all over the world.
[C] he
likes talking with people about basketball.
[D] he makes a point of respecting
players.
19. Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
[A]
An unsociable person is not suitable for
Ronzone
’
s job.
[B] When Ronzone talks with strangers
about basketball, they often talk back.
[C] Ronzone is so busy that he hardly
has time to help his friends.
[D] With
the help of Ronzone, the Israeli journalist
interviewed the Pistons player.
20.
What
’
s the
author
’
s attitude towards
Ronzone?
[A] Critical.
[B] Praiseful.
[C] Neutral.
[D] Positive.
词汇难句
语境词汇
Text A
1. maxim n.
格言，座右铭
2. gift sb with sth.
赋予某人某物，向某人赠送某物
3.
caliber n.
才干；口径
4. candid
a.
坦白的，率直的
5.
homely a.
相貌平平的，平常的；使人感到舒适的
6. a parade of boons
一系列的恩泽
Text B
1. tee time
开球的时间
2. flicker
v
.
闪动，闪烁
3. presto int.
转眼间
4. tee off
开球
5. turf n.
草皮
vt.
用草皮覆盖；扔掉；赶走
6.
slice v.
打削球，打斜切球；可切成薄片
7. virtual reality
虚拟现实
8. mimic v.<
/p>
模仿；戏弄，嘲弄
a.
模仿的，假装的<
/p>
9. simulation
n.
模拟，仿真