-
2015
年
12
月大学
英语四级选词填空专练（答案）
As
is
known
to
all,
the
organization
and
management
of
wages
and
salaries
are
very
complex.
Generally
speaking,
the
Accounts
Department
is
__1__
for
calculations
of
pay,
while
the
Personnel
Department is
interested in discussions with the employees about
pay.
If
a
firm
wants
to
__2__
a
new
wage
and
salary
structure,
it
is
essential
that
the
firm
should
decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and
ways of measuring the performance of its
employees. In
order
to
be
__4__,
that
new
pay
structure
will
need
agreement
between
Trade
Unions
and
employers.
In
job
evaluation,
all
of
the
requirements
of
each
job
are
defined
in
a
detailed
job
description.
Each of thsoe
requirements is given a value, usually in
give a total value for the job. For
middle and higher management, a special method is
used to
evaluate managers on
their knowledge
of the job,
their responsibility, and their
__6__
to solve
problems.
Because
of
the
difficulty
in
measuring
management
work,
however,
job
grades
for
managers
are often decided
without __7__ to an evaluation system based on
points.
In attempting to design a pay
system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the
value of
each
job
with
these
in
the
job
market.
__9__,
payment
for
a
job
should
vary
with
any
differences
in the way that the job is performed.
Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in
the
works
done
with
hands,
monetary
encouragement
schemes
are
often
chosen,
for
__10__
workers,
where
measurement is
difficult, methods of additional payments are
employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
【
答案及详解
】
1.
选
B
）。此处应填
形容词。原文意思为“会计部门??计算报酬”，选项中的形容词
responsibl
e
“负责任的”，
useful
“有用
的”，
indirect
“间接的”，
successful
“成功的”，其中
indirect
不能
与
for
连用
，排除；剩余几项中只有
B
）
resp
onsible
意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。
2.
选
O
）。此处
应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项
中的
动词原形有
compare
“比较”，
find
“找到”，
adopt
“采纳
”，分别带入原文，只有
adopt
最符合原
< br>文意思，故选
O
）。
3.
选
H
）。此处应填
名词。从原文看，
and
连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与
and
后面的
ways
意思一
致，选项中的名词只有
mathod = ways
，故选
H
）
m
ethod.
4.
选
I
）。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说
的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一
致是薪
酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词
useful
和
successful
，
I
）
seccessful
更符合原
文意思。
5.
选
D
）。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是
point
“分值”，把分值??起来
to
give
a
total
value
“得出总分值”，选项中有
added
和
combined
，前者指“把??相加”，后者意为“把??结合在
一起”，
原文指将分值相加得出总分，故
D
）
added
最符合文意。
6.
选
M
）
。
此处应填名词。
首先
solve
problem
“解决问题”
< br>是经理们应具备的能力，
选项中的
capacity
与
ability
都可以表示“能力”；前
者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能
力，故不难判断解决
问题的能力应该用
M
）
ability
.
7.
选
F
）。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分
值的评估系统决定。”
without reference to
为固定搭配，意思是“与??无关”。故选
F
）
reference.
8.
选
A
）。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了
the
value
of
each
job
“每种工作的价值”和
these
in
the job market
“工作市场上的（工作价值）”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项
中只有
compare
表示“比较”，所以
A
）正确。
9.
选
K
）。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作
表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中
Necessarily
“必须地”与
Basically
“基本地”为副词，分别带
入原文，“报酬??的变化是必须的”更
符合上下文意思，故排除
N
），选
K
）。
10.
选
G
）。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即
simple to measure
the work done
“易于评估
的工作”，通常用现金
奖励办法；而
...measurement is difficult
“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员
的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间
接的，故选项中只有
G
）
indire
ct
符合原句的意思。
After
the
violent
earthquake
that
shook
Los
Angeles
in
1994,
earthquake
scientists
had
good
news to
report: The damage and death
toll(
死亡人数
) could have been
much worse. More than 60
people
died
in
this
earthquake.
By
comparison,
and
earthquake
of
similar
__1__
that
shook
America
in 1998 claimed
25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths
were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake
occurred at 4:31 a.m.
On a holiday,
when traffic was light on the city's highway. In
addition, __3__ made to the
construction
codes
in
Los
Angeles
during
the
last
20
years
have
strengthened
the
city's
buildings
and highways, making them more __4__ to
quakes.
In
the
past,
making
structures
quake-resist-ant
meant
firm
yet
__5__
materials,
such
as
steel
and
wood,
that
bend
without
breaking.
Later,
people
tried
to
lift
a
building
off
its
foundation,
and
insert
rubber
and
steel
between
the
building
and
its
foundation
to
__6__
the
impact
of
ground
vibrations.
The
most
__7__
designs
give
buildings
brains
as
well
as
concrete
and
steel
supports,
called smart buildings, the structures
respond like living organisms to an earthquake's
vibrations. When ground shakes and the
building tips forward, the computer would __8__
the
building to shift in the opposite
direction. The new designs should offer even
greater __9__
to cities where
earthquakes ofen take place.
The
new
smart
structures
could
be
very
__10__
to
build.
However,
they
would
save
many
lives
and would be less
likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
[A]changes
[B]flexible
[C]decrease
[D]recent
[E]push
[F]reduce
[G]relatively
[H]safety
[I]resistant
[J]expensive
[K]force
[L]accordingly
[M]intensity
[N]security
[O]opposed
【
答案及详解
】
Answers
：
< br>1.
选
M
）。此处应填名词，作
介词
of
的宾语，作为后置定语修饰
e
arthquake
，说明该名词是“地震”
的自然属性。选项
中的名词有
changes
，
safe
ty
，
intensity
和
security
，只有
intensity<
/p>
可以表示地震
的强度，故选
M
）。
2.
选
G
）
。
此处应填副词，<
/p>
用来修饰形容词
less.
选项中的副词
有
relatively
“相对的”
和
accordingly
“相应的”
，
第一段说这次地震和
1998
年的那次
地震程度一样，
但造成的损失却小很多，
再从后句中
“高
速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的“死伤人数”与
1998
年比少很多，即少是相对的，
故选
G
）
relatively. <
/p>
3.
选
A
）。空
格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是
have
strengthened the
city's buildings and h
ighways
，从第三段的内容和注释
3
的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选
择
A
）
changes.
4.
选
I
）。此处应填形容词，和其前面的
more
构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性
能。
them = the city's buildings and
highways, have strengthened
“被加固”说明他们更有
抵御风
险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有
resistan
t
符合这个意思，故选
I
）。
5.
选
B
）。此处应填形容词，修饰名词
materials.
从后面的
...bent without breaking
< br>“即使弯曲
也不会折断”，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有
flexible
表示“柔韧的，可变形的”，
故
B
）正确。
6.
选
F
）。此处应填名词。根据
上下文
insert rubber and steel between the
building and its
foundation
“
在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少
the impact of
ground vibrations
“地
面震动对建筑物的影
响”。选项中
decrease
和
re
duce
都可以表示“减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地
减少
，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故
F
）
reduce
更符合题意。
7.
选
D
）。根据注释
3
，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的
In
the past
，
Laer
相对应的
，选项中
的形容词中只有
recent
可表示时间，
the most recent desighs
“最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应“过
去，后来”，故
D<
/p>
）为正确答案。
8.
< br>选
K
）。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的
建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它
相反方向移动。在动词
push
和
force
之间悬着。
push
强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建
筑一体的计算机系统，故这里
force
符合文
意。
9.
选
N
）。此后应填名词，做动词
offer
的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本
句是这些措施的结果。
抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多的安全保障，
选项中表示
“安全”
的词有
safety
和
security
，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害
，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭
战争，灾难而安然无恙，故<
/p>
N
）
security
< br>更符合文意。
10.
选
J
）。此处应填形容词。从后面的
Howev
er
后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，
However
前所
说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那
么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以
选
J
< br>）
expensive.
Americans
are
proud
of
their
variety
and
individualty,
yet
they
love
and
respect
few
things
more than a uniform.
Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one
of the first is that in the eyes of most people
they
look
more
__2__
than
civili
an
（百姓的）
clothes.
People
have
become
conditioned
to
__3__
superior
quality from a man who wears a uniform.
The television repairman who wears a uniform tends
to
__4__
more
trust
than
one
who
appears
in
civilian
clothes.
Faith
in
the
__5__
of
a
garage
mechanic
is increased by a uniform. What an
easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a
barber, or
a waiter to __6__
professional identity(
身份
)
than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：2018中考核心单词
下一篇：四年级语文下册生字表二词语表