完形填空-三年(2017-2019年)新课标卷高考英语试题研究

2019

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

（全国卷

I

）

真题：

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___

with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(

冰川

)are disappearing,

changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m

___44___ about the place

—

other destinations are described as “purer” natural

experiences.

However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons

of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are

___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.

The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___

, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are

___51___ as spiritual

places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five

ecosystems(

生态系统

)i n the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters,

___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___

—

low clouds envelope the mountainsides,

which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the

highland ___57___: gravel(

砾石

), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___

snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere

of peace

？

I found the opposite to be true.

41. A. keep

42. A. stories

43. A. position

44. A. silent

45. A. discover

46. A. equipment

47. A. remote

48. A. new

49. A. paying off

50. A. atmosphere

51. A. studied

52. A. view

53. A. scientists

54. A. holding on to

55. A. changes

56. A. match

57. A. village

58. A. Obviously

59. A. permanent

B. mix

B. buildings

B. age

B. skeptical

B. argue

B. grass

B. quiet

B. special

B. spreading out

B. experience

B. observed

B. quality

B. climbers

B. going back to

B. clears

B. imagine

B. desert

B. Easily

B. little

C. connect

C. crowds

C. face

C. serious

C. decide

C. camps

C. all

C. significant

C. blowing up

C. experiment

C. explored

C. reason

C. locals

C. living up to

C. improves

C. count

C. road

C. Consequently

C. fresh

D. bring

D. reporters

D. name

D. crazy

D. advocate

D. stones

D. clean

D. necessary

D. fading away

D. sight

D. regarded

D. purpose

D. officials

D. giving way to

D. permits

D. add

D. lake

D. Finally

D. artificial

60. A. enjoy

B. deserve

C. save

D. acquire

题源出处：

CNN Travel

是

CNN

国际频道一个新的旅游网站。网站中有最新的旅游新闻、游记、新奇的

旅游点子、新开发或热门的景点以及本土导游推荐当地最网红的小吃、酒吧、民宿、游玩攻

略。

CNN

，全称为

Cable

News

Network

，即美国有 线电视新闻网。

CNN

国际新闻网每周七天，

< br>每天二十四小时进行全球直播新闻报道。面对突发的新闻时都会作现场报道。

< /p>

对同学们来说，完全接触

CNN

新闻报道 也许仍有一定难度，不过有一个频道：

CNN Student

News

难度适中，比较适合同学们观看。

原文：

It's a bitterly cold night in January.

I'm at Barafu Camp on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, with Ann Austen, a 69

-year-old New Yorker and

Maria Nielson, 55, from Sweden.

In

the

midnight

darkness

I

watch

them

join

a

line

of

200

headlamps,

slowly

ascending

the

last

slope

to

reach

the

highest

point

in

Africa

--

5,895

meters

(19,340

feet)

above

sea

level.

(Kilimanjaro's

official

elevation is the subject of dispute -- the preceding figures are the most commonly cited.)

But I'm waiting.

I'd learned from a local that while most groups trek to the summit overnight, hundreds at a time, to catch

the sunrise from the top, the best time to climb is around 10 a.m. when the crowds, and the clouds, clear.

It's a good decision.

We're

alone

on

Uhuru

Peak,

the

highest

point

on

Kibo

crater,

one

of

the

three

volcanic

cones

that

comprise the mountain.

Three champagne corks are the only sign that others had been here earlier.

Without Malle's local knowledge, however, it could have been different.

MORE: The stunning mountains where China collects bags of fresh air

Tourism impact

Local tip: Avoid crowds by climbing in the day, when everyone else has returned.

Local tip: Avoid crowds by climbing in the day, when everyone else has returned.

The Overseas Development Institute (ODI), a British think tank, estimates that every year 40,000 people

attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, bringing with them tons of waste and other environmental threats, including

water contamination and soil erosion.

The crowds threaten the beauty of the place, which cultural narratives depict as a symbol of solitude and

peace.

The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.

Local porters are often underpaid and climb without adequate equip

ment.

Hearing these stories, I'm skeptical about the place

-- other destinations are described as

experiences.

However,

I

soon

discover

that

much

has

changed

since

the

days

of

horrific

reports

of

camps

among

open-air latrines, trash littering the landscape and congested trails.

I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the routes.

The

environmental

challenges

are

significant

but

the

initiatives

implemented

by

the

Tanzania

National

Parks Authority seem to be paying off.

The

ODI

calculated

in

2009

that

tourists

spend

just

less

than

$$50

million

per

year

around

the

Kili

experience.

Some 28%, $$13 million, is considered to directly benefit the poor.

The ODI says this is the most successful transfer of resources from international tou

rists to impoverished

locals they've witnessed.

MORE: Africa's magnificent mountains: Seven amazing climbs

The local view

Porters are no longer required to carry loads of more than 20 kilos.

Porters are no longer required to carry loads of more than 20 kilos.

andrea oschetti/cnn

Take, for instance, my local guide.

Malle comes from a poor farming family that lived by a road used by tourists.

In previous years, he'd rush toward the jeeps that drove by, hoping to receive gifts.

underpaid.

be able to support others.

begged

guides

to

take

me

on

the

mountain,

even

for

free.

They

told

me

I

was

too

thin,

incapable

of

carrying the weight.

who employed me.

Malle became a porter in 1999. He went back to school to study tour guiding and botany.

In 2006, he passed the government examination and became a licensed guide.

existing ones have never been on the mountain.

He set up us his own company.

sent

hundreds

of

messages

to

people

announcing

my

new

company,

and

gradually

people

started

to

respond.

Kili Base Adventure was born.

Kilimanjaro is offering entrepreneurial opportunities that were impossible a decade ago.

MORE: An empty Everest: But should you climb?

Conquest vs. experience

Kilimanjaro has five ecosystems, from moorland to arctic-like conditions.

Kilimanjaro has five ecosystems, from moorland to arctic-like conditions.

andrea oschetti/cnn

The highlight of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my view, isn't reaching the top.

A simple, aimless wander on a mountain trail might not seem to have the drama of a summit ascent.

But mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures, not least for

their natural attributes.

This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers venture through five ecosystems in the space

of few kilometers.

At the base is a dense rainforest.

It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to alpine heathland, abundant with giant heathers.

Further

up

the

weather

changes

--

low

clouds

envelop

the

slopes,

which

become

covered

with

tussock

grass and sporadic giant lobelias.

Here the greens are less vibrant but more varied than in the brighter forest below.

I count 12 shades of verdant green in a three-meter radius from where I stand.

Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel, stones, rocks and cliffs. A place for ascetics.

Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone, with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

MORE: 10 mountains for every kind of climber

Clean climb

Does

Kilimanjaro

deserve

its

reputation

as

a

crowded

mountain

with

long

lines

of

tourists

spoiling

the

atmosphere of solitude?

I found the opposite to be true.

Throughout my climb the trails were empty and, on the summit, I was alone.

My secret, of course, was the local knowledge provided by Malle and tailor

-making my own climb.

The tourism industry sells standardized packages: everyone follows the same route, does the same thing,

walks at the same time.

I didn't -- my sense of satisfaction came from the connection with the spirit of a beautiful and legendary

place.

End

of

March

to

early

June

is

low

season

around

Kilimanjaro,

often

marked

by

heavy

rains.

January,

February, August and September are the busiest months.

2019

年普通高等学校招生全国统 一考试

（全国卷

II

）

真题：

It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west

-

central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home,

following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He

had ___43___ to coax(

哄

)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.

Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two

drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers

eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started

licking(

舔

)Ehlers’ face.

A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___

number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___

their dog.

Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off.

Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.

Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.

“It’s good to know there’s still someone o

ut there who

___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,

”

says Lisa

of Ehlers’ rescue

___58___.

I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as

___59___

to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had

been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would b

e ___60___

to go that extra mile.”

41. A. read

42. A. read

43. A. tried

44. A. calmed down

45. A. injured

46. A. home

47. A. preparation

48. A. cautiously

49. A. surprise

50. A. predicted

51. A. house

52. A. called

53. A. fed

B. forgot

B. trembling

B. agreed

B. stood up

B. stolen

B. past

B. explanation

B. casually

B. joy

B. advertised

B. phone

B. copied

B. adopted

C. thought

C. eating

C. promised

C. rolled over

C. lost

C. back

C. test

C. skillfully

C. hesitation

C. believed

C. street

C. counted

C. found

D. heard

D. sleeping

D. regretted

D. run off

D. rescued

D. on

D. search

D. angrily

D. anxiety

D. recorded

D. car

D. remembered

D. cured

54. A. hunted

55. A. on purpose

56. A. cares

57. A. place

58. A. service

59. A. equal

60. A. suitable

B. skied

B. on time

B. sees

B. trouble

B. plan

B. allergic

B. proud

C. lived

C. in turn

C. suffers

C. waste

C. effort

C. grateful

C. wise

D. worked

D. in vain

D. learns

D. extreme

D. team

D. close

D. wiling

题源出处

Reader's Dig est

，即《读者文摘》。美国杂志，在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。

1922

年创

刊，月刊。是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的 内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了

健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、 旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。

一、完形填空之记叙文

记叙文一直受 高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有

人 物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰

生对事物的应变能力。

仔细研读 近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为

主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观

点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结 束来展开

叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：

1.

首句完整，线索清楚。

一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物 的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的

发生、发展，最后得出 结果。

2.

叙述灵活，侧重语境。

文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少 ，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。

因此，常会出现态度与 观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了

对语境 的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。

3.

实词为主，虚词为辅。

高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在

200

～

280

个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续

体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词 、连词、冠

词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语 运用能力这一思路。

典例一

( 2019

?

新课标全国卷

II)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的

A

、< /p>

B

、

C

和

D

四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west

-

central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home,

following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He

had ___43___ to coax(

哄

)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.

Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two

drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers

eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started

licking(

舔

)Ehlers’ face.

A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___

number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___

their dog.

Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off.

Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.

Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.

“It’s good to know there’s still someone out the

re who

___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,

”

says Lisa

of Ehlers’ rescue

___58___.

I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as

___59___

to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had

been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be

___60___

to go that extra mile.”

41. A. read

42. A. read

43. A. tried

44. A. calmed down

45. A. injured

46. A. home

47. A. preparation

48. A. cautiously

49. A. surprise

50. A. predicted

51. A. house

52. A. called

53. A. fed

54. A. hunted

55. A. on purpose

56. A. cares

B. forgot

B. trembling

B. agreed

B. stood up

B. stolen

B. past

B. explanation

B. casually

B. joy

B. advertised

B. phone

B. copied

B. adopted

B. skied

B. on time

B. sees

C. thought

C. eating

C. promised

C. rolled over

C. lost

C. back

C. test

C. skillfully

C. hesitation

C. believed

C. street

C. counted

C. found

C. lived

C. in turn

C. suffers

D. heard

D. sleeping

D. regretted

D. run off

D. rescued

D. on

D. search

D. angrily

D. anxiety

D. recorded

D. car

D. remembered

D. cured

D. worked

D. in vain

D. learns

57. A. place

58. A. service

59. A. equal

60. A. suitable

B. trouble

B. plan

B. allergic

B. proud

C. waste

C. effort

C. grateful

C. wise

D. extreme

D. team

D. close

D. wiling

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了

Ehlers

和 他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到

了主人。

41.C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文

Ehlers

和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指

Ehlers

一直在想关于

那只狗的事，

think about

考虑。故选

C

。

42.B

【解析】考查动词词 义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，

trembling

发抖。故选

B

。

43.A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽 力的哄那只狗，

try to do sth

尽力做某事。故选

A

。

44.D

run off

“跑

【解析】

考查动词短语辨析。

他在尽力的哄那 只狗，

可是它很害怕，

所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，