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1. In what way did Puritanism influence
American culture?
New England also
established another American
tradition
—
a strain of often
intolerant moralism. The
Puritans
believed that governments should enforce God's
morality. They strictly punished drunks,
adulterers, violators of the Sabbath
and other religious believers different from
themselves.
Roger Williams, one of the Puritants
who protested that the state should not interfere
with region, was
driven out of
Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island
colony, which guaranteed religions freedom
and the separation of church and state.
The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage
to future
Americans. The Americans
values such as individualism, hard work, respect
of education owe very much
to the
Puritans beliefs.
2. What are the two
political parties in the United States? Do you
think the two political parties are
fundamentally different?
Democratic Party and the Republican
Party.
differences
:1
、
The Democratic Party is
regarded as
liberal, while the
Republican Party conservative.
2
、
The former advocates the
government to play an
important role in
the economy and emphasizing full employment;
favors civil rights laws, a strong social
security system and less restrictive
abortion laws, etc.; It is more disposed to search
out a method of
living with Russia and
China and to look for reduction in arms spending.
However, the Republican Party
favors
economic system which gives enterprises a greater
freedom and demands the government to
control inflation; stresses the need
for law and order; opposes complete governmental
social programs
and free choice of
abortion; favors a strong military posture and
assertive stands in international relations.
3
、
Donkey is the
symbol of the Democratic Party and the symbol of
Republican Party is Elephant.
3. What are some of the
features in religion that are particularly
American? What are some of the
major
differences between American religion and religion
in Europe?
Some phenomena in American
religion are uniquely American. First of all,
Americans with different
religions live
together under the same law. That is to say, they
claim the variety of beliefs. Secondly, the
religions beliefs of Americans continue
to be strong with social progress. They emphasize
on social
progblems and humanitarian
ideals. Thirdly, in the US every church is a
completely independent
organization,
and concerned with its own finance and its own
building.
Major differences are:
1) In Europe,scientific and economic
advance and rising material prosperity have
accompanied by a
decline in religious
observance ,but in the United States this has not
happened.
2) There has been little
concentration on doctrine or religious argument
such as in European history.
3)Generally speaking,Americans have
enjoyed greater religious freedom than European.
4
、
What is the
main theme in American literature? As to this
point, it is quite different from
Canadian literature and British
literature. How do you understand them?
The questing
of the American people has indeed been a drama of
many one way or another,
however, it
has always been a
that pursuit.
第二问
American
literature has the same themes as any other
concentration area, with the
exception
of The American Dream, but that could translate to
The English, Indian, British, African, and
so on
。。。
British
literature
：
The latter part
of the century is dominated by people like Charles
Dickens, and Mrs Gaskell who appealed
to a mass audience and raised concerns about
social privations in
an industrialized
society. But there was romance
8. What is the goal of education in
the United States? We all know that the way in
which the high
school graduates enter
universities is quite different from China. How do
you understand them?
The
goal is to achieve universal literacy and to
priovid individuals with the knowledge and skills
necessary to promote both their own
individual welfare as well as that of the gerneral
public.(p122-123)
In the
United
States
, to go to university,the high
school graduates must meet the following
requirements:(a)their high school
records;(b)recommendations from their high school
teachers;(c)the
impression they make
during interviews at the university;and (d)their
scores on the Scholastic
Aptitude
Test(SATs).A college at a leading university might
receive applications from 2% of these
high school graduates,and then accept
only one out of every ten who apply.
While in
China,
high
school graduates
need to attend the College Entrance Examination
(CEE) and choose their universities
according to their can choose several
universities whose control mark line you have
admitted and if the first university
you chose admit you,then you will be the student
of the
not,check the second chosen
university, none of the universities admit you,it
means you fail this
time.
Americans put more attention to helping
students learn to solving problems rather than
memorizing makes students more h
education ephasize in
children
’
s
10
What were the major
social movements of the 1960s?
And what was the historical
background of the social movements of
that decade? Who were the participants of the
social
movements of the 1960s
1
、
The Civil
Rights Movement 2
、
The Youth
Anti-War Movement
3
、
The Women's
Movement
第二问
American
Negroes
experienced
different
lives
in
the
South
and
outside
the
South
of
America.
Young people resented traditional white
male values in US society. Women experienced
different lives
during and after World
War II. All these three kinds of people were
dissatisfied with their lives.
第三问
Many people who believed
the government and the society were wrong joined
one or more of the
social movements.
Black and white young people worked in all the
movements, as did many middle-class
white
women
and
some
men.
Those
who
worked
in
the
civil
right
movement
included
older,
usually
male, Negro leaders; black and white
young people, some white professional men and
women, and some
white housewives.
13
、
The author
says that the United States was founded on the
principle of human equality, but in
practice the nation has fallen far
short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with
what you have
learned form this text.
Actually, American government has come
up many laws to guarantee the human equality. But
for
many cases, the inequality in
society is still a quite serious problem.
Unlike
most
other
peoples
,
Americans
are
primarily
a
nation
of
immigrants,
the
citizens
or
their
ancestors immigrated from many parts of
the globe. It
’
s because the
nation contains so many racial and
ethnic subcultures that contributes to
racial conflicts.
On the
other hand,
American society is a
stratified
one in which power, wealth,
and prestige are unequally distributed among the
population. This equality is
not simply
a matter of distinction between social classes, it
tends to follow racial and ethnic lines as well,
with the result that class divisions
often parallel racial divisions.
Apart from
this
, the racial and ethnic minorities,
mainly refer to the blacks, are still suffering
from
racial discrimination
and injustice. Thus
race
relations
between black and
white still leave much to
be
desired.
It
’
s for these
phenomena that
we realize that the
equality in America should be improved
because practice reveal the reality.
14. What does
poverty mean in the United States?P160
What’s the major social problems
mentioned in the text?
It means many
old people eating dog and cat food to supplement
their diets.
It
means malnutrition
and
deprivation
for
hundreds
of
thousands
of
children.
It
means
greater
susceptibility
to
disease,
to
alcoholism, to victimization
by criminals,
and to mental disorders. It often means
unstable marriages,
slum housing,
illiteracy, ignorance, inadequate medical
facilities, and shortened life expectancy. Poverty
can mean low self-esteem, despair, and
stunting of human potential.
major social
problems
：
racial problems,
poverty, drug abuse, crime, and the abuse of power
by
government and
corporations
.
16. How did the Cold War begin? What
role did the US play in Cold War ? Can you explain
what
is the Cold War in your own words?
By
the end of WWII, the United States became the
strongest country in the world.
The policy-maker
of the US
wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world
market free and open to American goods
and services and more and more
countries modeling on American institution and
values. In pursuing this
goal, the US
encountered determined resistance from the Soviet
Union. Gradually the two wartime allies
fell apart and the Cold War
began.
第二问
The cold war was a word
of ideas between the communists and US was the
leader of the non-communists.
第三问
The cold war
is used to describe the relationship between
America and the Soviet Union 1945 to
1980. Neither side ever fought the
other - the consequences would be too appalling -
but they did ?fight'
for
their beliefs using client states who fought for
their beliefs on their behalf .Such as: South
Vietnam
was anticommunist and was
supplied by America during the war while North
Vietnam was
pro-Communist and fought
the south (and the Americans) using weapons from
communist Russia or
communist China. In
Afghanistan, the Americans supplied the rebel
Afghans after the Soviet Union
invaded
in 1979 while they never physically involved
themselves thus avoiding a direct clash with the
Soviet Union.
18
Why do Canadians seek a
national identity?
this
search
for
a
national
identity
underlies
the
history
of
canada,it
is
perhaps
a
natural
thing
to
search
for in a country that is so new(canada first
became a political entity in 1867;and did not
assume its
has something to do with
its long Chinese education under a
premise-----socialism,which is
partiallarly Chinese .
present
shape until
1949)canada is
a former
colony that traces
its history ,its
loyalties and many
of its
settlers and forefathers to
britain,it natually fell under the
influence of its large,powerful neighbour to the
south with which it has so
much in
common.
19
What is so unique about Canadian
culture?
Canadian is
a wilderness
nation, with savage beauty and incredible
obstacles. A nation founded on
European
traditions
by
the
English
and
the
French .A
nation
of
Immigrants .A
country
of
diverse
and
distinctive regions with powerful
regional identities - Quebec, the Maritimes, the
Prairies, for example.
A
nation with a strong sense of social welfare
committed to providing a social safety net for
all. A land of
remarkable
freedoms
with
a
goal
of
equity
for
all
regardless
of
sex,
race,
age,
color,
creed
or
disability .Peace-keepers for the world
and a partner with all nations.
20.
Try to find the
similarities and differences in the government
systems between the United
Kingdom, the
United States and Canada.
The United
States
is a federal constitutional
republic, in which the President of the United
States (the
head of state and head of
government), Congress, and judiciary share powers
reserved to the national
government,
and the federal government shares sovereignty with
the state governments. Federal and state
elections generally take place within a
two-party system, although this is not enshrined
in law.
Two parties, the Democratic
Party and the Republican Party.
The
British political system
As a
parliamentary democracy,the british government is
characterized by a division of powers among the
legislature,the executive and the
judiciary.
The three parties in
Britain:the conservative party,the labor party and
the liberal democrats
The
same:
1. both have a parliament
1. They are Democratic nations and the
Constitution is the basic
is
respective two Houses in the Parliament or
Congress which have the supreme authority to pass
law or levy taxes. 3.
The members of
Parliament and Congress, and the executive leaders
are elected. 4. Political parties play an
important
role in politics.
The difference:
1. The
constitution. The United States has a written
constitution which is very difficult to change.
The
UK's constitutional provisions are
scattered over various Acts of Parliament, any of
which can be changed
by a simple
majority in the Parliament.
: In the United States, the Democratic
and Republican Parties absolutely dominate federal
and state
elections with independents
securing only small proportions of the vote. In
the United Kingdom, the two
main
political parties - Conservative and Labour - win
a smaller and declining share of the total vote.
n is a constitutional monarchy, the
United States is The Democratic Republic Britain's
head of
state is King, there is no real
power; President of the United States is the
highest executive power and
military
power
Canada
is a
constitutional monarchy with a federal system of
parliamentary government and strong
democratic traditions. Its political
system i
s the Westminster system. Since
Canada‘s political structure is
modeled
after those of Britain and the United States, it
can be described as both a federation like the US
and a constitutional monarchy like
Britain.
21.
What are some
of the things that make Canada a unique and
interesting country?
1. Canada‘s
vast territory and unique topograp
hy
result in a climate with wide regional variations.
2.
In contrast to its physical size,
economic power and international prestige,
Canada's population is very
small.3.
Canada has two official languages -- English and
is famous for maples.
22.
Why is New England sometimes called the
birthplace of America?
1
、
The
first movements of American literature, philosophy
and education originated in New
region
played a prominent role in the movement to abolish
slavery and was the first region
of the
United States to be transformed by the Industrial
Revolution.
2
、
New England was
an early center of the industrial revolution. [
The Blackstone Valley in
Massachusetts
and Rhode Island has been called the birthplace of
America's industrial revolution.
3
、
In one of the
earliest European settlements in North America,
Pilgrims from England first settled in
New England in 1620, to form Plymouth
Colony.
4
、
New
England has the only non-geographic regional name
recognized by the federal government.
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