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Lesson 11 How to grow old
第十一课论老之将至
by BERTRAND RUSSELL
from
Portraits from Memory
11-1.
Some old people are oppressed by the fear of
death.
【译文】
有些老人因恐惧死亡而苦恼。
【单词和短语】
< br>oppress
：
使
（心情等）
沉重；
使烦恼，
折磨
< br>（
to make someone feel unhappy,
worried,
or
uncomfortable
）
，
例如：
A sense of
trouble ahead oppressed my spirits.
前面的重重困难使我心情沉重。
be oppressed by the unpleasant climate
被讨厌的气候弄得烦恼
a writer oppressed by his shortcomings
对自己的短处感到苦恼的作家
Somehow, the room oppressed him.
这房间不知怎么使他感到压抑。
11-2. In the young there is a
justification for this feeling.
【译文】年轻人害怕死亡是可以理解的。
【讲解】
in the
young
意为“在年轻人身上”。
in
sb.
即为“在某人身上”。
the
young
指年轻人。
【单词和短语】
< br>justification
：正当的理由；借口（
a
good
and
acceptable
reason
for
doing
somethi
ng
）
，
例如：
believe with
amplejustification that someone is guilty
有充分理由相信某人有罪
You have no justification for
criticizing his in that way.
你没有理由那样批评他。
11-3. Young
men
who have reason
to
fear
that
they
will be
killed
in
battle
may
justifiably
feel
bitter
in
the
thought
that
they
have
been
cheated
of the best things that life has to
offer.
【译文】
有些年轻人担心他们会在战斗中丧生。
一想到会失去生活能给予他们的种种
美好事
物，他们就感到痛苦。这种担心并非无缘无故，也情有可原。
【讲解】
who
have
reason
…
battle
为定语从句，修饰
young
men
。
that they have
cheated
…
offer
为同
位语从句，说明
thought
的内容。
that life has to offer
为定语从
句
，修饰
things
。
【单词和短语】
与
cheat someone
（
out
）
of
something
类似的结构还有
rob someone
of something
。
11-4. But in an old man who has known
human joys and sorrows, and has
achieved
whatever
work
it
was
in
him
to
do,
the
fear
of
death
is
somewhat
abject and
ignoble.
【译文】
但对于经历了人世悲欢、
履行了个人职责的老人，
害怕死亡就有些可怜
且可耻了。
【讲解】
whatever work it was in
him to do
作
achieved
的宾语从句。这里
的
in
表示能力。
in
him
即他有能力。
whatever
work
相当于
any work
，作
do
的宾语。
it
是形式主语，
to do
才是真正的主语。who has
known…him to do
为定语从句，修饰
an
old
man
，
has
known
和
has
achieved
为
who
的
并列谓语。
【单词和短语】
abject
：可鄙的，卑鄙的（
an
abject action or expression shows that your
feel very
ashamed
）
，
例如：
an abject
coward
可鄙的懦夫
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