-
第一讲
：
高一语法专题
---------
定语从句
【教学目标】
考点
1
：
关系代
词
（
重点
）
考点
2<
/p>
：
关系副词
（
难
点
）
考点
3
：<
/p>
介词
+
关系代词
（
重点
）
考点
4
：<
/p>
非限制性定语从句
（
难点
）
【教学过程】
一、检查与测试
(1)
阅读下面的句子并翻译。
?
?
God helps those who help
themselves.
He who laughs last laughs
best.
?
Nothing in the world is
difficult for one who sets his mind to
it.
(2)
Q1
：
什么
是定语从句
？
A
：
定语从句也称为形容词性从句
，
它在句子中修饰名词或代词
，
起形容
词的作用。
Q2
< br>：
定语从句中的先行词指什么
？
A
：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。<
/p>
Q3
：
引导词在定语从句中起什么作用
？
A
：
连接先行词和定语从句。
Q4
：
< br>你学过哪些定语从句的引导词
？
A
：
that, which,
who, whom, whose,where, when, why.
(3)
改错题。
told us about the countries where he had visited.
2.
Egypt is a country where is famous for
its pyramids.
3.
The days when we spent together cannot
be easily forgotten.
4.
The house
stands at the place that the two roads meet.
5.
We
shall visit the college where his father teaches
there.
6.
He left me the book, that is very
useful for me.
7.
This is the
room which food is kept.
8.
April 15, 1976 is the day when we’ll never
forget.
回答问题。
二、考点突破
考点
1
：
关系代词
1
．
引导限制性定语从句的有关系代词
who, whom, whose, that, which
指人
指物
主格
宾格
所有格
400-0909-011(
转
1)
2.
引导定语从句的关系代词只能用
that
，
而不能用
< br>
which
的情况
：
a.
当先行词被
时。如
：
There is nothing (that) I can say about
it.
b.
先行词为
时。如
：
This is the best basketball match that
I have ever seen.
c.
先行词被
修饰时。如
：
The only thing that we can
do is to ask our teachers’ help.
Is this the very museum
that you visited the other day?
d.
先行词为
修饰时。如
：
The first English film that
I saw was “Oliver Twist”.
When foreigners talk about China, the
first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.
e.
被修饰的先行词被
等修饰时。如
：
I am interested in all that
you have told me.
There
isn’t much that I can do.
He is one of the few that can work it
out in five minutes.
f.
先行词
时。例如
：
They talked about the factories and
workers that they had visited.
g.
先行词是
时。如
：
Which is the book that he bought
yesterday?
Who that you
have ever seen can beat him in the game?
【配套例题
1
】
（
1
）
There
are many teachers _____ I want to visit in that
school.
（
2
）
This factory will not take anyone____
eyesight is weak.
（
< br>3
）
This is the last
time___ I’ll give you a piece of
advice.
（
4
）
The
doctor _________ the manager is talking to is
going to Europe next year.
（
5
）
We’re talking
about the piano and the pianist __________ were in
the concert we attended last
night.
考点
2
：
关系副词
关系副词
where, when,
why
可以用来引导定语从句。
这些副词实际上代表介词
+
关系代词<
/p>
，
在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。
< br>
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
When (=at, in ,
on , during which )
Where (= in , at
which )
Why (= for which )
By which
400-0909-011(
转
1)
1.
Do you remember the tea house where we
used to play chess? (where/ at which)
There was a time when there was no
radio, TV or cinema. (when/ during which)
The days are gone when he
was an ignorant boy. (when/ in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they
had cancele
d the rehearsal. (why/ for
which)
2.
注意
：
有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词
，
也
可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行
词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。
以
the city
为例
(1) This is the city
that/which I visited last year.
(2) This is the
city where I lived last year.
3.
具体的地点名词后可以接
where
从句
，
但其他如
等
表示<
/p>
“
情况
，
方面<
/p>
”
的名词也同样加
where
从句
，
< br>这种用法源于
“in this case, at this point,
in this
situation, under the condition”
等短语
，
例
：
There are many
cases where this rule does not hold good.
He had to face the
conditions where pressure was heavy.
I will show you the point where you
fail.
He left
his hometown in 2002 since when he has never come
back.
注意
：
先行词为
occasion
，
且需要用关系副词时
，
需选用
when
，
而非<
/p>
where
，
因为
occasion
表示和时间有关的
“
场合
”
的意思。
【配套例题
2
】
用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1.
The house
____________ lies in the back of our classroom is
the teachers’ office.
2.
The
house____
_______ door faces north is
our teachers’ office.
3.
I always
remember the days __________are my family’s
birthday.
4.
I always
remember the days __________I lived with my
grandparents.
5.
Xiamen ____________ lies in the south
east of China is a beautiful city.
6.
Xiamen
____________we live is a beautiful city.
7.
Xiamen _____________ many foreigners
come to visit is a beautiful city.
8.
This is the
reason______________ caused me late for school
today.
9.
I quite agree with the
reason_____________ you told me.
10.
I don’t
b
elieve the reason ____________ you
were late this morning.
考点
3
、介
词
+
关系代词
在定语从句中
，
介词
+
关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。
a.
介词
+which
在定语从句中分别
作时间、地点和原因状语
，
代替相应的关系副词
when,
where
和
why
。
如
：
I still
remember the day on which (when) I first came to
school.
The factory in which (=where) I
work is a large one.
This
is the reason for which (=why) he was late.
b.
介词
+which
（
指物
< br>）
/ whom
（
指人
）
在定语从句中作地点状语
，
< br>表示存在关系
，
定语从
句主谓一般要倒置。
如
：
They arrived at
a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
c.
介词
+ which
（
指物
）
/ whom
（
指人
）
在定语从句中作目的、
方式或地点状语。
这种结构
中的
介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。
如
：
Could you tell
me for whom you’ve bought this coat?
The man, from whom I
learned the news, is an engineer.
d.
介词
+
which/whom
，
用于被动结构的定语从句中
，
作状语
，
说明动作的出
发者。
如
：
The wolf by
which the sheep was killed was shot.
e.
不定代词
+of+which/whom
，
在定语从句中作主语
，
说明整体中的部分
，
常用的不定代词
有
：
both, all, any,
some, each, none, most
等。
如
：
There are a lot
of books here, none of which belongs to me.
f.
数词
+of+which/whom
，
在定
语从句中作主语
，
说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数
词、序数词、分数或百分数。
如
：
In our class
there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom
are girls.
Two watches were stolen, one
of which was mine.
g.
名词
+of+which
代替
whose+
< br>名词
，
在定语从句中作定语。
如
：
I
saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose
leaves) were black with disease. I
live
in a house, the windows of which are all broken.
h.
形容词最高级
+of+which/whom
结构
，
在定语从句中
，
作定语
，
表部分关系。
如
：
China has
thousands of islands, the largest of which is
Taiwan.
i.
注意
：
当先行词是
way
（
意为方法、方式
< br>），
并在定语从句中和介词一起作状语时
，
引导
定语从句的关系词
有下列三种形式。如
：
What surprised me was not what he said
but the way in which/that/
不填
he said it.
【配套例题
3
】
根据句子意思
，
在第一个空白处填入介词<
/p>
，
在第二个填入关系代词
whom
或
which:
1. T he
person ________
________ I spoke just
now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________
________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________
________ I went to the concert, enjoyed
it very much.
4. The two things
________ ________ Marx was not sure were the
grammar and some of the idioms
of
English.
5. Her bag,
________
________ she put all her
books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March,
________
________ this is one example,
are well written.