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.
Section_
Ⅳ
Grammar_&_Writing
限制性定语从句
一、定语从句的相关概念
1
．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
< br>
2
．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3
．
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词
(that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose, as
等<
/p>
)
和关系副词
(when,
where, why
等
)
两类。关系
词通常有三个作用：
(1)
连接定语
从句；
(2)
指代先行词；
(3)
在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
4
．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
5
．限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常
密切，它所修饰的
先行词代表一个
(
些
)
或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况
，如果去
掉，则意思含混不清。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1
．定语从句中的关系代词及其在从句中的作用
所作成分
主语
宾语
定语
whom
Those who wish to go to the
museum must be at the gate by
7
：
50 am.
那些想去博物馆的
人必须在早上
7
：
50
前在大门口集合。
The
doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你正在找的医生在房间里。
Nobody wants the house whose windows
are all broken.
没有人想要窗户全坏的房子。
Jinan is a city which has a history of
more than 2,000 years.
济南是一个拥有
2,000
多年悠久历史的城市。
The flowers that she received are from
her boyfriend.
她收到的花是她男朋友送的。
.
代替人
who
whom/who
whose/of
代替物
which
which
whose/of
代替人或物
that
that
which
.
[
考题印证
]
1
①
(
北京高考改编
)I
live next door to a couple whose children often
make a lot of
noise.
②
(
新课标全国卷
Ⅰ
)May
be
you
have
a
habit
that/which
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
③
(
重庆高考改编
)We'll reach
the sales targets in a month which/that we set at
the beginning of the year.
④
(
山东高考改编
)A
company
whose
profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities abroad.
⑤
(
江西高考改编
)Among
the
many
dangers
which/that_sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the greatest of all
is fog.
⑥
(
陕西高考改编<
/p>
)Please send us all the information that
you have about the
candidate for the
position.
2
．关系代词
t
hat
和
which
的用法区别
情况
说明
先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时
先行词被
the very, the
only
等修饰时
只用
that
不用
which
主句是以
which, what,
who
开头的特殊疑问句时
先行词既有人也有物时
两个定语从句中一个关系代词用
which,
另一个要用
that
引导非限制性定语从句时
只用
which
不用
that
< br>先行词本身是
that
时
I have some books that are
worth reading.
我有几本值得看的书。
This is the most interesting film that
I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is the very dictionary that I want
to buy.
这正是我想买的那本词典。
Which is the
T
?
shirt that fits me most? <
/p>
哪一件
T
恤最适合我？
< br>
.
关系代词前有介词时
.
Can you remember the
scientist and his theory that we have learned?
你还记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？
The reason for which he refused the
invitation is not clear.
他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。
三、
“
介词＋关系代词
”
引导的定语从句
有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前
，形成
“
介词＋关系代词
”
结构，关系代词
可以用
which,
whose, whom
，不可以用
that
< br>。其选择依据如下：
1
．根据
定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。
I bought
a great many books on which I spent all my money
that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
2
．依据与先行词的搭配。
This is the camera with which he often
takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
3
．根据所表达的意义。
This is the pilot by whom my son was
saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
[
考题印证
]
2
①
(
湖
南高考改编
)Care of the soul is a gradual
process in which even the small
details
of life should be considered.
②
< br>(
四川高考改编
)In our class
there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.
四、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副
词
when
，
why
< br>，
where
在定语从句中分别作时间、原因、地点状
语，且可根据其在
句中的搭配关系，转换成
“
< br>介词＋关系代词
”
的结构。
The day will come when
(
＝
on which) we'll win the
final victory.
我们赢得最后胜利的日子将会到来。
We know the place where
(
＝
in which) our teacher
lives.
我们知道老师住的地方。
Do you know the reason why
(
＝
for which) he was so
sorry?
你知道他那么难过的原因吗？
[
点津
]
当
先行词为表示抽象的情形、
局势、
范围、
处境、
程度、
状态等的词，
如
situation
，
stage
，
point
等，且先行词在定语从句中作状语时
，常用关系副词
where
引导。
They have reached the point where they
have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
<
/p>
[
考题印证
]
3
.
.
①
(
广东高考改编
)The
next
day,
my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
where
we
watched
some people play volleyball.
②
(
江苏高考改编
)The
book has helped me greatly in my daily
communication,
especially at work where
a good impression is a must.
③
(
福建高考改编
)Students should
involve themselves in community activities
where they can gain experience for
growth.
④
(
湖南高考改编<
/p>
)I am looking forward to the day when my
daughter can read this
book and know my
feelings for her.
⑤
(
< br>北京高考改编
)Many countries are now
setting up national parks where animals
and plants can be protected.
五、定语从句中需注意的问题
1
．当先行词为表示方式的
the <
/p>
way
时，从句不能用
how
来引导，应用
that
或
in
which
，
或将它们全部省略
。
2
．
as
引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：
such
＋名词＋
as ...
“
像
……
一样的
”
；
the
same
＋名词＋
as ...
“<
/p>
和
……
同样的
”
。
3
．当先
行词是
time
时，若
time
表示
“
次数
”
，应用
that
引导定语从句，并且
that
可
以省略；若
time
表示
“
一段时间
”
讲，应用
when
或
“
at/during
＋
< br>which
”
引导定语从句。
This is the second time (that) the
president has visited the country.
这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。
This is at a time when/during which
there were no radios, no telephones or no
TV sets.
这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。
4
．定语从句中的主谓一致。
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要
注意以下几点：先行词是
“
one of
＋复数名词
”
结构时，关系代词引导的定语从
句中的谓语
动词一般用复数形式；但如有
the very,
the only, the first, the last, the right
等修
饰
one
时，谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the most
interesting questions that have been asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
She is the only one of the girls who
studies hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。
Ⅰ
.
用恰当
的关系词填空
.
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