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导入练习
1
1.
—
Is that the
small company you often refer to?
—
Right, just the
one _______ you know my father used to work for
years.
A.
that
B.
which
C. where
D. As
2.
—
Where did they
fi nish the experiment?
—
It was in the lab _______ was taken
charge of by Prof. Smith.
A. where
B.
/
C. which
D. in which
3.
Examination compositions, together with most
business letters and government reports, are the
main situations _______ formal language
is used.
A. in which
B. in that
C.
of which
D. of
that
4. Which fi lm is the one _______
main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the fi
lm festival?
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D.
which
5. In that country, November 30th
is a national festival _______ everyone, men and
women, old
and young, sings and dances
happily in the streets.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D.
as
6. This is John Brown, _______ I
think has something interesting to tell you.
A. which
B.
whom
C. that
D. who
7. We
climbed the Huangshan Mountain yesterday, _______,
not surprisingly, was crowded with
visitors from all over the world.
A. where
B.
which
C. that
D. when
8. The
famous football player, _______ a big party will
be held tomorrow morning, is to arrive
this afternoon.
A. in honour
of him
B. in
his honour
C.
in whose honour
D. in which honour
9.
_______
was
reported
in
the
newspaper,
seventeen
passengers
had
been
killed
in
the
traffi
c
accident.
A. It
B.
As
C. What
D. That
10. The owner paid the worker $$10 for
tidying the whole building, most of _______
hadn
’
t been
cleaned for at least a year.
A. that
B. what
C. when
D. which
11. He has made
great contributions to the science of physics,
_______ he was awarded the 2009
Nobel
Prize.
A. about which
B. what
C.
for which
D. when
12. I don
’
t want
to use the same tool _______ you used yesterday to
repair the air conditioner.
A. it
B. that
C.
one
D. what
13. They were interested _______ you
told them.
A. in which
B. in that
C. all that
D. in everything
14. Is that the reason _______ you are
in favor of the proposal?
A. which
B. what
C. why
D. for that
15.
I have bought the same dress _______ she is
wearing.
A. as
B. that
C.
which
D. what
限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信
息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的
关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。
例如：
This is the very person
that
is wanted by
the police
.
He is the man
who /that lives next door
. <
/p>
非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先行词关系比较松
散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去：
The minister
,
who
is to visit
our university
, is said to be a Qinghua
University graduate.
The
businessman
,
whose
suitcase
has been found by a
stranger
,
has left for
Beijing.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词
(my, his, etc)
或形容
词性指
示代词
(this, that, etc)
作限定词的名词词
组，其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的。
例如：
My
mother
,
who
has been on a visit to
Australia
,
will fly back
tomorrow..
限制性定语从句
的先行词只能是名词，
代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句
的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是
句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如：
They say he
plays truant,
which
he doesn’t
.
[which
指代
plays
truant]
The meeting was put off till
next month,
as
we
hoped
. [as
指前面的句子
]
下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：
表一：
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
1
< br>．
提供确定或限定主句中某个名词的信
息。
2
．由深层嵌入句派生而来。
3
．
无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊
标点符号（逗号
/
插入语
< br>/
破折号）
。
4
．
不可以修饰整个命题，
只
修饰一个名
词。
5
< br>．可使用
that
和
who(m
),which
等关系
代词。
6
．不常用来修饰专有名词。
7
．
可修饰带有
an
y
或
every
等类属限定
词的中心名词。
as
的用法
1
、
as
引导限制性定语从句时，
常与
such
或
t
he same
连用，
构成
the
same…as; such…as
结构，
as
用于代替指人或物的先行词
。例如：
I have never eaten
such
tasty foods
as
she cooked
me
.
试比较
the same…as
和
the same…that
：
6
．既可修饰普通名词，也可修饰专有名词。
7
．
不可修饰带有
any
或
every
等类属
限定词
的中心名词。
非限制性定语从句
1
．提供对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附
加信息。
<
/p>
2
．由两个独立的深层嵌入句派生而来。
3
．书面语中用逗号，口语中用特殊的停顿
和降低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来。
4
．可以修饰一个中心名词，或以评价的形
式修饰整个命题。
5
．
That
不能当作关系代词，
只可用
wh-
< br>代词。
This is
the same book
as
I read last we
ek
.
（这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。
）
This is
the
same
book
that
I read last year
.
（这就是我上周读的那本书。
）
如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别，例如：
She told me
the same story
as/that
she had
told you
.
在
as
／
so…as
结构中，后面的
< br>as
也是关系代词，例如：
We took
as
many
men
as
could be permitted to attend the
meeting
.
2
、引导非限制性定语从句
关系代词
as
引导非限制性定语从句时，用于代
替整个主句，意思是
“
正如
”
，
相当
于
and
this
或
and that
。
as
从句位置较之
which
引导的非限制性定语从句更
加灵活，
因而
as
从句既可以指前面提
到的内容，也可以指后面将要提到的内容，
which
一般在<
/p>
主句后。例如：
The test is
cancelled,
as
you
have hoped
.
The test,
as
you have
hoped
, is cancelled.
▲
注
：
as
代表前面的整个主
句并在从句中做主语时表达的意思应与主句一致，而且从
句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为
行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用
which.
例如：
He failed to pass the exam
again,
as is predicted.
He
failed to pass the exam again,
which
annoyed his
mother greatly.
记住以下的
as
结构：
as
is
known
to
all
(
众所周知
)
，
as
is
often
the
case
(
情况常常如此
)
，
as
the
name
Indicate
s
／
suggests (
顾名思义<
/p>
)
，
as may be
imagined (
可以想象得出
)
，
as often happens
(
这种情况常常发生
)
，
as has been said before (
如前所述
)
，
as has been
pointed out (
正如已
经指出的
< br>)
，
as will be shown in ( <
/p>
将在
…
中指出
)
，
as is hoped
(
正如所希望的
)
3
介词
+
关系代词
“
介词
+
关系代词
”
引导的定语从句既可以是限
制性定语从句，又可以是非限制性
定语从句，
“
介词
+
关系代词
”
在从句中做主语、宾语、状语、定语等，介词的选择则要
根据它与其先行词
的关系或前后名词、动词等的搭配关系来决定，同时还应该考虑句
子在上下文中要表达的
意思。
4.
“
介词
+
which
／
whom
／
whose”
这时应注意介词与句中短语的搭配。例如：
The
problem
with which
I have
trouble
has now been solved.
介词放在关系代词之前的形式的定语从句较之将介词至于从句之末的定语从句正
式，因
此多用于书面语当中，但在口语中有时也会出现；或者将介词后置，或在介词
后置后用<
/p>
that
（人、物）／
who
（人）代替
whic
h
／
whom
，并且
< br>that
可省略。例如；
Can you lend me
a pen or
pencil
with which
I can write
?