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定语从句知识点汇总
一、先行词
二、关系词
1.
关系代词：
2.
关系副词：
三、分类
1.
限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，
不能省略
2.
非限制性定语从句：对
先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开
3.
区别：
限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，
删除后会影响整个句子
意思的表达
不用逗号分开
可用关系代词
that
关系代词可省
略
（
that,which,who
在
从句中作
宾语可以省略）
关系代词可
以替代，
whom
作宾语时可用
who
或
that
替代
读时不停顿
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子
4.
非限制性定语从句的特殊情况
<
/p>
4.1
有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含
义不同
There are 20 students in
this class who are from the north of China.
There are 20 students in this class,who
are from the north of China.
5.
< br>关系代词
that
和关系副词
w
hy
不能引导非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
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四、关系词的用法
,that
which
指物，在从句中作主语，宾语
that
指人或物，指人可与
who<
/p>
，
whom
互换；指物可与
which
互换
,whom
从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，
whom
作宾语，不能用
who
代替
In our class there are
46 students, of whom half wear glasses.
先行词为指人的
one,ones,anyone
或
those
时，关系代词用
who
；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是
that
，另一个指人的关系代词用
who
。
表示“……的”
< br>。可指人或物。用来指物时，
whose+
名词
=
限定词
+
名词
+of which=of which+
限定词
+
名词
The house whose windows face south is
ours.
The house the window of which
face south is ours.=The house of which the window
face south is ours.
4.
as
作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
一般用于
such...as
、
the same...as
、<
/p>
as...as
结构中，表示“像”的意思
We have found such materials as are
used in their factory.
They felt such
heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.
He is not the same man as he was.
4.1the same...as/that...
和
such...as/that
①
the
same...as/that...
as
引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：
I
bought the same phone as you bought.
th
at
引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：
I met the
same person that I saw that day.
②
such...as/that
a
s
引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：
Peter is
not such an intelligent person as you think.
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that
< br>引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：
He came to such a
sudden stop that we almost hit him.
4.2
as
和
which
的区别
①④⑤⑥⑦⑧
都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，
有时可以互换
②
as
引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而
which
只能位于主句之后
③
当非限制性
定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用
which
来引导
He criticized Mary in
public,which she doesn
’
t
like at all.
He was always late for
school,which made his teacher unhappy.
④
先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用
as
不用
which
；如果从句中行为动词是主动语
态，一般用
which
作主语
She passed the exam, as was expected.
Tom has made rapid progress,which makes
me happy.
⑤
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时
，通常用
which
不用
as
Tom was late for work again and
again,which made his boss very angry.
⑥
固定搭配：
as we know/as is known to all
as we all can see
as has
been said before/above
as might be
expected
as is often the case
⑦
在从句中作介词宾语时，只能用
which
She might possibly come,in which case
I
’
ll tell you.
<
/p>
5.
只用
that
不用
which
5.1
当先行词
是
all,much,little,few,everything
< br>等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
5.2
当先行词被
the
only,the last,the very
等修饰时。
5.3
当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
5.4
当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰
时。
5.5
当先行词既有表示人又有
表示物的名词时。