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定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，
可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和
非限制性定语从句。
一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会
影响全句的主要思想，
这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号；
而非限
制性定语从句则只是主句的一种补充说明，
即即使
去掉，也不会
影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句前通常有逗号隔开。如：
This is the book that you want.
这就是你要的那本书。
句中的
you
want
为限制性定语从句，如果去掉，意思就不清楚。
He bought me a book, which was very
useful.
他给我买了一本书，非常有用。
句中的
which was very useful
为非限制性定语从句，如果去掉，句子意思仍是清楚的。
限制性定语从句
形式上：不用逗号“，
”与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上：译成先行词的定语：
“．
．
．的”
关系词的
使用上：
A
．作宾语时可省略
B
．可用
that
C
．可用
who
代替
whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，
”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：
A
．不可省略
B
．不用
that
C
．不可用
who
代替
whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the
only person that I could depend on.
China is a country which
has a long history.
1
In
the street I saw a man who was from Africa.
非限制性定语从句举例
：
His mother, who
loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in
1949, is becoming more and more
powerful.
I have been to
Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city.
练习：
翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别：
1.
He
has a brother who is a physicist.
He has a brother, who is a
physicist.
2.
He returned all the books which are
written in English.
He
returned all the books, which are written in
English.
3.
The man who lives next door is a
doctor.
My sister, who
lives next door, is a doctor.
4.
A student who
studies hard will make good progress.
The student, who lives far from school,
is the captain of their football team.
注意
:
1.
非限制性定语从句
which<
/p>
既可修饰指物的先行词
,
又可修饰整个主
句
,
不可用
that
代替不
可以省略。
Football, which is a very interesting
game, is played all over the world.
She
was very patient towards the
children
，
which her husband
seldom was.
He lost his
wallet, which made him sad.
He
said that he had never seen her
before
，
which was not
true.
2.
指人时主格用
who,
宾格用
whom,
物主格用
whose(
也可指物
)
。
2
Miss He, whom you met in the library,
is our new teacher.
The
Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels,
use these animals for work and in
sports.
Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for
two days, is absent from school today.
3.
关系副词
when(
指时间
),
where
(
指地点
)
也可以引导非限制性定语
从句
,
注意关系副词
why
不能引导非限制性定语从句
,
应用
for
which
引导
。
He lives in the city, where
there is a high tower.
The
People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949,
when he was born.
I have
told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend
the meeting.
4.
当用“名词，代词或数词＋
of
which / whom
”引导定语从句时
,
只能是非限制性的。
There are 30 chairs in the small hall,
most of which are new.
He
has two daughters, both of whom are
doctors.
练习：
选择
1.
Mo
Yan
became
the
first
Chinese
Nobel
Prize
winner
in
Literature,
left
school
to
make a living at the age of 12.
A. as
2.
B. which
C. that
D. who
My
cousin,
_______
body
is
slim,
still
wants
to
lose
some
weight.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which
3.
My uncle,
_______ I told you about yesterday, is an engineer
and is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. who
C.
whom
D.
who/whom
4.
He
passed
the
exam,
________
surprised
all
of
us.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
that
5.
After
living
in
Paris
for
fifty
years
he
returned
to
the
small
town,
______
he
grew
up
as
a
chil
d.
3
A.
which
B.
where
C.
that
D.
when
6.
He will come
to see me next July, ___ he won’t be so
busy.
A.
which
B. where
C. that
D. when
填空
7.
I
won’t
forget
the
three
years______I
lived
on
the
farm
with
farmers,
______has
a
great
effect on
my life.
8.
Smoking, _______is a bad
habit, is however very popular.
9.
They went to London,_______ they lived
for six months.
10.
My friend, Mike, _______is
from America, is a great cook.
11.
Peter,________you met in London, is now
back in China.
12.
The boy,________father is a
worker, studies very hard.
KEYS: 1
-
6 D C C A
B D
7. when; which
8. which
9. where
/whom
二、
as
，
whi
ch
引导的非限制性定语从句
当定语
从句修饰的不是某一个词，
而是整个主句或主句的一部分时
,
只能是非限制性的
,
这类定语从句只能
由
which
或
as
<
/p>
引导。两者之间的
区别
在于：
1.
which
引导的
< br>定语从句
只能位于主句后，但
as
引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如：
David, as you
know, is a photographer.
戴维是
个摄影师，你是知道的。
(
不可用
wh
ich)
As was expected, Tom
failed.
(
不可用
which)
2.
as
在
定语从句
中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有
be
或别的系动词，但
which
不受此限制。
如：
Li Ming was late, which (=and this)
made Mr. Zhang very angry.
李
明迟到了，
这件事使张先
生非常生气。
(
不可用
as)
He
didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which
seemed very strange.
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