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定语从句中疑问代词和疑问副词的具体用法
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< br>下面的总结中包括了定语从句中疑问代词和疑问副词的具体用法,请仔细阅读
:
一
(
关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代
词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、
定语等成分。
p>
1)(
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数
要和
先行词保持一致。
who,
whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用
如下
: Is he the man who/that
wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗
(w
ho/that
在从句中作主语
)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterda
y.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that
在从句中作宾语
)
2) Whose
p>
用来指人或物,
(
只用作定语
,
若指物,它还可以同
of
which
互换
),
例如
:
They rushed
over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏
了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of
which) cover is green.
请递给我那
本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词
或代词,在从句中可作主
语、宾语等,例如
: A
prosperity which / that had never been seen before
appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which /
that
在
句中作宾语
)
The package (which / that) you are
carrying is about to come
unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。
(which /
that
在句中作宾语
)
二、关系副词引导
的定语从句。
<
/p>
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
< br>
,) hen, where,
why
关系副词
when, where, why
的含义相当于
介词
+ w
hich
结构,因此常常和
介词
+ which
结构
交替使用,例如
:
There
are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不
屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I
was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he
refused our offer?
这就是他拒
绝我们帮助他的理由吗
,
1) that
代替关系副词
th
at
可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代
whe
n, where, why
和
介词<
/p>
+ which
引导的定语从句,在口语中
that
常被省略,例如
:
His father died the year (that / when /
in which) he was born.
他父
亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He
is likely to find the place (that / where / in
which) he lived forty years ago.
他能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
三、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一
:
用关系代词,还是关系副词
完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词
后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词
;
而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如
:
This is the mountain village where I
stayed last year.
I'll never forget
the days when I worked together with you.
(
错
) This is the
mountain village where I visited last year.
(
错
) I will never
forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(
对
) This is the
mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(
对
) I'll never
forget the days (which) I spent in the
countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词
where, w
hen
联系在一起。此两题
错在关系词的误用上。
方法二
:
准确判断先行词
在定语从句中的成分
(
主、谓、
宾、定
、状
)
,也能正确选择出关系代词
/<
/p>
关系副词。
例
1. Is this museum ___
you visited a few days age? A. where B.
that C. on which D. the one
例
2. Is this the museum ____
the exhibition was held. A. where B.
that C. on which D. the one
答案
分析
:
例
1
D
,例
2 A
例
1
变为肯定句
: This
museum is ___ you visited a few days
ago.
例
2
变为肯定句
: This is
the museum ___ the
exhibition was held.
在句
1
中,所缺部分为宾语,而
where, that, on
which
都不能
起到宾语的作用,只有
the one
既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以
省略关系代词,所以应选
< br>
D
。
而句
2
中
,
主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词
w
here
,又因
in the museum
词组,可用介词
in + which
引导地点状语。而此题中,介词
on
用的不对,
所以选
A
。
,
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、
定、宾语时,选择关系代词
(who, whom, that,
which, whose);
,
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词
( where
地点状语,
when
时间
状语,
why
原因状语
)
。
四、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
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