-
1
第二章
代词
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为九种：
人称代词
分为主格（如：
I, you,
he
等）和宾格（如：
me, you,
him
）
物主代词
分为形容性物主代词（如：
my, his,
your
）和名词性物主代词（如：
mine, his,
yours
）
指示代词
常见的有四个：
this
这，
that
那
, these
这些
,
those
那些
反身代词
如：
myself
我自己，
himself
他自己，
themselves
他们自己
疑问代词
用在特殊疑问句中。
有：
who,
whom, whose, what, which
。
如：<
/p>
Who
is that boy?
What
do you like?
不定代词
如：
some
一些
,
many
许多
,
both
两个都
, everything,
everybody
等
关系代词
引导定语从句。如：
This is the
boy
who
won the race.
相互代词
指
each other
与
one
another
，意为“互相”
连接代词
疑问代词在引导从句时，都称为连接代词，包括
who,
whom, whose, what, which, whoever,
whomever, whichever,
whatever
，一共九个。如：
It is clear enough
what
she meant.
她
是什么意思很清楚。
（引导主语从句）
I don’t care
what
they think.
他们怎么想我不管。
（引导宾语从句）
第
1
讲
人称代词
主格
宾格
形容性物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词
我
I
me
my
mine
myself
你
you
you
your
yours
yourself
他
he
him
his
his
himself
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
它
it
it
its
its
itself
我们
we
us
my
mine
ourselves
你们
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
他们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
人称代词分为主格和宾格。
考点
1.
代词作同位语
如果代词和名词指代相
同时，
常用主格或宾格
作同位语，
(<
/p>
答疑
qq
329950885)
不用物主代词。
改错：
Our Chinese people are
friendly.
把
our
改为<
/p>
we,
因为我们本身就是中国人。
1.
______
students are tired of doing so much homework.
We had better make it known to our
teachers.
A. Our
B. We
C. Us
D.
Ours
2.
【
< br>2007
湖南】
To
save
class
time,
our
teacher
has
______
students
do
half
of the
exercise
in
class
and
complete the other half
for homework.
A. us
B. we
C. our
D. ours
②
在比较句型中，
< br>as
和
than
后的主格可以用
宾格代
替。
I am taller
than she/her.
He is as tall as she/her.
③
but, except
作
“
除了……
”
解并且位于主语之后时，
后面可以跟主格也可跟宾格。
Nobody but/except he/him knew it.
④
人称代词单独出现时，常用宾格。
Who runs faster, you or me?
3.
—
Susan, go and join your
sister cleaning the yard.
—
Why ____? John is sitting
there doing nothing.
A. him
B. he
C. I
D.
me
4.
【
2009
山东】
—
< br>Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize
him just now!
—
______. He has changed so
much.
考点
2.
用人称代词宾格代替主格的情况
A.
Never mind
B.
No problem
C. Not at all
D. Me neither
①
口语中作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，不用主格。
—
Who is it?
—
It’s me.
第
2
讲
指示代词
指示代词一般指：
this, that,
these
和
those
考点
1.
this, that
that
则指
前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用
,
this
常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。
I
want to tell you this: the English party will be
held
on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why
he didn’t come
.
1.
【
20
07
浙江】
—
He
got
his
first
book
published.
It
turned out to be a
bestseller.
—
When was
______?
—
______ was in 2000
when he was still in college.
A. that; This
B. this; It
C. it; This
D. that; It
替代
the pleasure
，与前
面提到的同属“快乐的事”
，
但却是不同的事。
如果前面名词是可数名词复数时，要用
those<
/p>
而不
用
that
。
有时也用
one
< br>（
ones
）代替前面出现的名词，但只
能代替可数名词。如：
The book on
the table is more interesting than that
(
或
the one) on the desk.
A
box
made
of
steel
is
stronger
than
one
made
of
wood.
3.
【<
/p>
2013
四川】
The
traffic
on
the
main
streets
has
a
longer green signal than
______ on the small ones.
A. one
B. this
C. that
D. it
2.
【
20
08
辽宁】
—
Could
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
4.
【
2013
辽宁】
To her
joy, Della earned first the trust
Victoria Street?
of her students and then
______ of her colleagues.
—
Victoria Street? ____ is
where the Grand Theatre is.
A. that
B. one
C. ones
D. those
A. Such
B. There
C. That
D. This
5.
【
20
08
全国
I
】
The
English
spoken
in
the
United
States
is
only
slightly
different
from
______
spoken
考点
2.
that
指代前面提到的名词，后总是跟限制性
in England.
的后置修饰语
,
复数时要用
those
A.
which
B. what
C.
that
D. the one
that
可以代指可数名词也可代指不可数名词。
6.
【
20
09
江苏】
Nine
in
ten
parents
said
there
were
it
和
that
都可替代
“
the+
单数名词
（可数或不可数）<
/p>
”
，
significant
differences in their approach to educating
their children compared with ______ of
their parents.
都是特指，
(
答疑
qq
329950885)
但
it
指前面提到的
A.
those
B. one
C.
both
D. that
“同一”事物，而
that
是指前面提到的
“同类”事
物。如：
7.
【
20
12
浙江】
Studying
Wendy’s menu, I found that
many of the items are similar to ____of
McDonal
d’s.
①
【
200
1
全国】
The Parkers bought a new
house but
A. those
B. ones
C. any
D. all
____will
need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
②
【
199
9
全国】
Few
pleasures
can
equal______
of
a
cool drink
on a hot day.
A. some
B. any
C. that
D. those
分析：
①
选
B,
因为指的同一事物。
②
选
C
。
that
8.
【
20
13
天津】
At our factory there
are a few machines
similar to ______
described in this magazine.
A. them
B. these
C. those
D.
ones
第
3
讲
不定代词（一）
< br>没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词
的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词有：
all,
any,
another,
both,
each,
every,
either,
every,
few,
little,
many,
much,
no,
none,
neither,
one,
other,
some
以及由
some,
any,
no,
very
和
body, one, thing
构成的复合词
考点
1.
one
不可指代不可数名词
1.
【
20
11
重庆】
—
Silly me! I
forget what my luggage
looks like.
—
What
do you think of ______ over there?
A.
the one
B. this
C. it
D. that
2.
Our furniture
is much cheaper than ______ you bought
last year.
A. one
B. ones
C. that
D. those
考点
2.
o
ne
作同位语，等于
a/a
n
＋名词
3.
【
20
02
全国】
Meeting my uncle after
all these years
was
an
unforgettable
moment,
______
I
will
always
treasure.
A. that
B. one
C.
it
D. what
4.
For Tim this
was the beginning of a new life, ______
he thought he would never see.
A. what
B. that
C. one
D. it
5.
—
Can I help you?
—
I’d
like
to
buy
a
gift
for
my
mother,
______
at
a
proper price
but of great use.
A. that
B.
one
C. anyone
D. everything
考点
3.
one, it, the one, the
ones
的区别
在指代时，
one
可以替换为：
a+
名词
,
而
it
指特
定的某一个，相当于
the+
名词。在
the one
和
the o
nes
中，
one
指代前面提到的可数
名词。
6.
【
20
00
全国】—
Why don’t we take a
little break
？
—
Didn’t we just
have
______?
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
7.
【
20
11
福建】
We
have
various
summer
camps
for
your
holidays, you can choose ______ based on your
own interests.
A. either
B.
each
C. one
D.
it
8.
【
1992
全国】
Mr. Zhang gave the
textbooks to all the
pupils except
______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones
B. ones
C. some
D. the
others
3
形容词和副词。
Each boy has eaten one apple.
(each
为形容词
)
Each
of them has eaten one apple.
（
each
为代词）
They
each have eaten one apple.
（
each
为代词，作
同位语）
They have eaten one apple each.
（
each
为副词）
改错：
①
There are many tall trees
on every side of the road.
②
Every of the students in
our class has a dictionary.
改为：
①
把
every
改为
each,
因为路只有两条边，
而
every
用于三者及三者以上。
②
把
Every
改为
Each
，或在
Every<
/p>
后加
one
。
12.
【
2
012
上海】
When he took his
gloves off, I noticed
that ______ one
had his name written inside.
A. each
B. every
C. other
D. another
考点
5.
any, either
表示
“
任何一个
”
时的区别
①
any
表
示
“
任何
”
的
意思
,
用于三者及三者以上。
Any child can do
that.
（定语）
You may
take any of them.
（宾语）
②
either
是
“
两者中任何一个
”
的意思，
可修饰或代替
单数可数名词。如：
Here
are
two
pens.
You
may
take
either
of
them.
（宾语）
③
each
指两者时可与
either<
/p>
互换。如：
9.
【
20
05
江西】
Cars do cause us some
health problems
There are many trees on
either/each side of the road.
—
in fact far more serious
___ than mobile phones do.
13.
【
2
008
上海】
Do you
want tea or coffee? ______, I
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. those
really don’t mind.
10.
【
2
005
浙江】
We’
ve been looking at the
houses but
A. None
B.
Neither
C. Either
D. Or
haven’t
found ______ we like yet.
14.
【
2
009
陕西】
Jane was asked a lot
of questions, but
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. them
she
didn’t answer ______ of them.
11.
【
2
007
陕西】
—
There is
still a copy of the book in
A. other
B. any
C. none
D. some
the library. Will you go and borrow
______?
15.
【
2010
重庆】
He had lost
his temper and his health in
—No, I’d
rather buy ______ in the bookstore.
the war and never found ______ of them
again.
A. it; one
B. one; one
A.
neither
B. either
C. each
D. all
C. one; it
D. it; it
16.
【
2
013
山东】
I
’
ve lived in New York and Chicago,
考点
4.
each, every
表示
“
每一
”
时的区别
but don
’
t like
______ of them very much.
A. either
B. any
C. each
D. another
①
从数量
上：
each
用于两个或两个以上的人或物，
< br>
而
every
用于三个或三个
以上的人或物。也就是说，
考点
6.
neither,
both
与
all,
none
(both
与
all
表示部
只
有两个时，
必须用
each,
三个及
三个以上时，
用
分否定
)
each
和
every
都
行。
①
b
oth
用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定
Each/E
very student has a computer.
时，用
neither
。如：
②
从意义上：
each
侧重于个体，强调
“
每一个
”,
而
Both of us
are not teachers.
我们俩并不都是教师。
every
侧重于整体，强调
“
全部
”
。
Neither of us is a teacher.
我们俩都不是教师。
Each
student
has
a
computer.
每个学生都有台电
脑。
Every
student
has
a
computer.
所有的学生都有电
脑。
③
从词性上：
every
只能作形容词，
而
eac
h
可作代词、
②
all
用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用
none
。如：
Not
all
the
ants
go
out
for
food.(or:
All
the
ants
don’t go out for food.)
并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is
mine.
这钱一分也不是我的。
下的那一个”，用于三者或三者以上的排列。
③
另外，
n
either
是
“
两者中没有一个
”
的意思，可以
③
another
还可表示
“
再，又
”
。（参看：<
/p>
P.
错误！未
作形容词，修饰或代替单
数可数名词，它所修饰
定义书签。
many more +
名词，
much more +
名词
，
的名词用单数形式，
(
答疑
qq
329950885)
后面的
与
another
）
谓语也用单数形式。如
Neither
boy knows
French.
17.
______
of
them
do
not
drink
wine.
A
bottle
will
be
enough.
A. No
B. None
C. All
D. Every
one
18.
【
< br>2013
新课标
Ⅱ
】
It’s
an
either
-or
situation
—
we
can buy a new car this
year or we can go on holiday
but we
can’t do
______.
A. others
B. either
C.
another
D. both
19.
【
2
012
全国新课标】
Larry asks Bill and
Peter to go
on
a
picnic
with
him,
but
______
of
them
wants
to,
because they have work to do.
A. either
B. any
C. neither
D.
none
20.
【
2012
重庆】
—
John,
when
shall
we
meet
again,
Thursday or Friday?
—
______.
I’ll be
off to London then.
A.
Either
B. Neither
C. Both
D. None
21.
【
1
998
全国】
—
Can
you
come
on
Monday
or
Tuesday?
—I’m
afraid
______ day is possible.
A. either
B.
neither
C. some
D. any
考点
7.
another, other, others, the other, the
others,
the
rest
的区别
④
the
rest
既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词
,
而
another,
other,
others,
the
other(s)
只能代替可数
名词。
⑤
else
只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如：
Did you see anybody else?
你还看见别的人吗？
Who
else was at the party?
聚会上还有谁？
⑥
each
other,
one
anothe
r(
相互
)
。按传统语法，
each
other
指两者；而
one another
指三者或三者以上。
但在现代英语中，两者常可互换。如：
You should help each other
(one another).
你们应该互相帮助。
We
know
each
other’s
(
one
another’s
)
weak
points.
我们都彼此了解对方的缺点。
⑦
one after
another(
一个接一个
),
如：
I’m not surprised
he’s
feeling
ill
—
he
was
eating
one
ice-cream
after
another!
⑧
“any other
＋单数名词
”(
别的
/
其他的任何一个
)
Shanghai is larger than any other city
in China.
⑨
one
way or another
“以某种方式”
；
“无论如何”
。
Everyone
at
the
party
was
related
(in)
one
way
or
another.
These
bills have to be paid one way or another.
①
“the
other
+
名词复数
”
(
或用
the
others)
表示
“
其余
的全部……
”
；
“other +
复数名词（或用
othe
rs
）”
22.
【
2011
陕西】
—
Would you get me a bar of chocolate
泛指
“
其他的
（别的）
人或物
”
（
并不有意强调
全部）
。
from the
kitchen, dear?
如：
—
______ one?
Five of the
pencils are red, the others (the other pens)
A. Other
B. Every
are yellow.
C. Another
D. More
Some are singing, and others are dancin
g.
（
others
泛指
23.
【
2000
全国】
If
you
want
to
change
for
a
double
其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既
room
you’ll have to pay ______ $$ 15.
没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用
the
others
则指剩余的全
A.
another
B.
other
部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。）
C. more
D. each
some…,
some…, some…, others…
，意为
“
一些……
24.
【
2010
安徽】
You
are
the
team
star!
Working
with
一些……一些
”
。
______
is really your cup of tea.
A. both
B.
either
②
the other
强调剩下的这一个，此时只有一个；常出
C. others
D.
the other
现在
one…the
other
中
,
用于两者之间。如：
He got
two books; one is a textbook, the other
is a novel.
25.
【
2005
上海】
No
progress was made in the trade talk
也可用
于其他表示
“
只剩下这一个
”
的情况。如：
as neither side would
accept the conditions of ______.
A.
others
B. the other
There were
three boys in the classroom. One is Tom,
C. either
D. another
another is John, and the other is Ken.
another
修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于
“
三个或三
26.
I
have
done
much
of
the
work.
Could
you
please
个以上
”
，指代剩下的两个或两个以上中的一个。
finish ______ in two days?
A. the rest
B. the other
This coat is
too dark. Please show me
another.
（宾语，
C. another
D. the others <
/p>
外衣总数为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外，
剩下的起码有两
件；
如果只剩一件的话，
就要用
the
27.
【
2
013
重庆】
Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
other
。）
environment; reusing is ______.
A. another
B. the other
one
…
another/a
second…
a
third…the
other…
常用
C. one
another
D. one
于列举，
意为
“
一个……一个……一个……一个，
剩
28.
【
2009
重庆】
Over
the
past
20
years,
the
Internet
helped
change
our
world
in
______
way
or
another
for
the better.
A. any
C. every
B. one
D. either
5
第
4
讲
不定代词（二）
考点
1.
something, anything,
everything
与
somebody,
A. something
B. anything
anybody, everybody
在
everyone (everybody)
和
everything
中，
every
虽然表示“每一个”，但它侧重于“全部的，所有
的
”。因此，
everyone (everybody)
和
everything
虽
然意为“每个人”
，“每件事
/
物”，但却侧重于
表示“
全部的、所有的”。它们表示的是“整体”
的概念。如：
Is everyone here?
大家都到齐了吗？
Everything goes well.
一切顺利。
在
someone (somebody)
和
something
中，
som
e
表示“特定”的某一个，属于“
不
确定特指”，
即：
虽然没有指明是哪一个，
但也是
“特定”
的某
一个，
并且只能是
“这个”
而不能是别的任何一个。
因此，
someone
(someb
ody)
和
something
意为“
某
个人”“某件事
/
物”。它们表达的
是“特定”的
“个体”概念。如：
Somebody broke the glass yesterday.
昨天有人把杯子打碎了。
Something is wrong with the machine.
机器出故障了。
在
anyone (anybody)
和
anything
中，
any
是
“任
何一个”的意思。它们表达的是不确定
的“个体”
概念，即：所代指的可以是“这一个”，也可以是
其
他任何一个。
它们意为
“任何一个人”
“任何一
件事
/
物”。如：
Has anybody been to Hong Kong in
our class?
我们班有没有人去过香港？
Is
anything wrong with you?
你怎么了？
1.
I agree with
most of what you said, but I
don
’
t agree
with
______.
A. everything
B.
anything
C. something
D. nothing
2.
—
What
an
amazing
film!
It
’
s
the
most
interesting
film
I’
ve ever seen.
—
But
I’
m sure it
won
’
t interest ______ .
A. somebody
B. anybody
C.
everybody
D. nobody
3.
—
Do
you have ______ at home now, Stella?
—
No, we still have to get
several pounds of fruit and
some tea.
A. something
B. everything
C. nothing
D.
anything
4.
【
2008
山东】
Make
sure
you’ve
got
the
passports
and
tickets and ______ before you leave.
C. everything
D. nothing
5.
【
20
05
全国
1
】
We haven’t enough books for ______;
some of you will have to share.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C.
everybody
D.
nobody
6.
【
2005
湖北】
Firs
t , it is important to recognize what
kind
of
person
you
are
and
which
special
qualities
make you different
from ______.
A. everyone else
B. the other
C.
someone else
D. the rest
7.
—
Do
you
mind
if
Charlie
borrows
a
few
hundred
dollars from you?
—I’m
afraid
I
do.
I’ll
be
glad
to
lend
money
to
________ but Charlie.
A. someone
B. everyone
C. anyone
D. no one
8.
【
20
07
上海】
The mayor has offered a
reward of
$$ 5, 000 to
______ who can capture the tiger alive or
dead.
A. both
B.
others
C. anyone
D. another
9.
His study is better than _________.
A. anyone else’s
B. anyone else
C. anyone’s else
D. everyone
else
10.
—
What happened yesterday?
—I don’t think ______ happened.
A. anything
B. everything
C. nothing
D. something
11.
He cares so
little about his meals that _____ will do
so long as it fills his stomach.
A everything
B something
C
anything
D nothing
12.
【
2007
重庆】
Jim
sold
most
of
his
things.
He
has
hardly ______ left in the house.
A. anything
B. everything
C.
nothing
D. something
13.
______ of us can do everything, but all
of us can do
______.
A.
None; something
B. Some; everything
C. Few; something
D. Few; nothing
14.
【
2
005
安徽】
I don’t think we’ve
met before. You’re
taking me for
______.
A. some other
B. someone else
C. other person
D. one other
15.
________ in the office had made a
mistake, and the
firm regretted causing
the customer inconvenience.
A. Someone
B. Anyone
C. Everyone
D. No one
考点
2.
everyone
与
every
one
everyone
是一个词，
只用来指人，
等于
everybod
y
，
在它后面不能跟介词
of
；
every
on
e
是两个词，既可
用来指人，也可用来指物，等于
each
one
，后面可跟
介词
of
。请看以下例句：
Everyone of the children
likes this game.
（误）
每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。
Every one of the children
likes this game.
（正）
链接
:
everyday
日常的，
every
day
每天
He recites
everyday English every day.
他每天背日常英语。
16.
_____ likes
being praised. _____ of them especially
likes being praised.
A.
Everyone; Every one
B. Every one;
Everyone
C. Everyone; Everyone
D. Every one; Every one
考点
3.
none, no one,
nobody
的区别
①
no
o
ne
，
nobody
只指人，
nothing
指没有什么事
物，
none
兼指人和物。
②
用作主语时，
no
one,
nobody
后的谓语动词一般
用单数
,
按传统语法，
两者之后均不能接
of
短
语
。
none
代替不可数名词作主语时，
谓语动词用
单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可
用单
数也可用复数形式。
None
后可跟
o
f
短语。
如：
No one
（
Nobody
）
knows.
谁也不知道。
No one
（
Nobody
）
likes it.
没人喜欢它。
None of the money has been found.
那些钱都没被找到。
None of
the trees grow/grows well.
那些树长得都不好。
③
none
往往暗示有一定的范围（这种范围通常就
表现在其后的
of
短语上）
，
着眼于数量概念，
“
特
指的人或物
一个也没有，一点儿也没有”
。而
no
one
或
nobody
< br>则不暗示这种范围，即指“谁都
没有。
”
体会下面的两组对话：
A
：
Did any of your
friends come to see you?
你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗
?
B
：
None.
一个也没来。
A
：
Did anyone come
to see you?
有人来看过你吗
?
B
：
No one
(Nobody).
谁也没来。
④
在回答
how
many
或
how
much
的提问时，通
常用
< br>none
，
而在回答
who
的提问时，
通常用
no
one
或
nobody
。体会：
A
：
How many
English books have you read?
你读
过多少本英文书
?
B
：
None.
一本也没读。
A
：
How much money
did you give her?
你给了她
多少钱
?
B
：
None.
一分也没给。
A
：
Who went to see
the film?
谁去看电影了
?
B
：
No one
(Nobody).
谁也没去。
17.
—
How many elephants did you
see?
—
______.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
D. Not many
18.
—
Who was in the building
when the fire broke out?
—
______.
A. None
B.
No one
C. Not any one
D. Not anybody
19.
【
2
008
浙江】—
I’d like some more
cheese.
—
Sorry,
there’s ______ left.
A. some
B.
none
C. a little
D.
few
20.
【
< br>2009
上海】—
Wow! You’ve got
so many clothes.
—
But ______ of them are in
fashion now.
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
21.
【
2
012
江西】
My brother would like
to buy a good
watch but ______ was
available from that shop.
A. nothing
B. none
C. no
one
D. neither
22.
【
2
013
陕西】
Although Rosemary had
suffered from
a
serious
illness
for
years,
she
lost
______
of
her
enthusiasm for life.
A. some
B.
neither
C. none
D. all
考点
4.
something, somebody,
nobody
的特殊用法
①
something
意为
“
重要的人物
”
,
相当于
somebody
。
She thinks she’s something
si
nce she won the beauty
contest.
选美比赛得了奖，她就自以为了不起了。
链接：
He thinks he
is somebody but he is nobody.
他自以为了不起，实际他一文不名。
②
something
还可表示
“
重要的事物
”<
/p>
。
These paintings were really something.
这些画确实出色。
I think you may have something there.
我认为
(
答
疑
qq
329950885)
在那方
面你可能是有
道理的。
③
something of a<
/p>
（
an
）
+
n.
表示
“
可以说
是一个……
”
的意思。
Dr.
James
is
a
scholar
and
something
of
a
philosopher.
詹姆斯博士是个学者，也可以说是个不错的哲
学家。
联系
: He isn’t much of a
cook
.
23.
【
2011
四川】
There
is
______
in
his
words.
We
should have a try.
A.
something
B.
anything
C. nothing
D. everything
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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