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英语常用前缀后缀及词根汇总

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2021-02-12 02:25
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2021年2月12日发(作者:末端)


英语常用前缀、后缀及词根汇总






一、前缀




(一)表示否定的前缀


< p>
1



dis


-加在名词、 形容词,动词之前。



disadvantage


(缺点)


, dishonorable


(不光彩的)


, disagree


(不同意)



2



in-






















incorrect


(不正确的),


i nability


(无能,无力),


inaccurate


(不准确的)



3



im-










m,b,p





imp ossible


(不可能的),


impolite


(不礼貌的),


impudence


(厚颜无耻)< /p>



4



4



il-








l











illegal


(非法的),

< p>
illiterate


(文盲的,无文化的)


, illogical


(不合逻辑的)



5



ir-


加在以


r


开头的词前



irregular


(不规则的、不整齐的),


ir resistible


(难以抗拒的),


irresolvab le


(不能分解的,



不能解决的)


, irresponsible, irrevocable


6



un-


加在名词,形容词,副词之前



unf inished


(未完成的)


,undoubted

< p>
(毫无无疑的)


, unemployment


(失业)



7



non-


加在形容词,名词前



non-existence


(不存在)



non- essentia



l



非主要的)



non- electrica



l



非电的),


non-smoker


(非吸烟者)


, nonsense, nonaccess, non-profit organization


8



mis


-加在动词、名词之前


< p>
misunderstand


(误解),


misj udge


(误判),


misleading

(误导性的),


misfortune


(不幸)

< p>


,


misbehave, misspell, mistaken, misprint


9


dis-


加在动词之前



disappear


(消失),


disarm


(解除武装),


disconnect


(失去联系,断开连接)



10



de-


加在名词,形容词之前


< p>
demobilize(


遣散;使



复员


)



decolor (


脱色


,


漂白


)



decompose


(分解,腐烂)



11.


anti-


加在名词、形容词之前



anti-Japanese War


(抗日战争),


anti-social


(厌恶社会的,反社会的),


antidote


(解毒


药)


, antibody, antigen, antibiotics, antidepressant


12.


counter-


加在名词、动词前




1


counter-attack


(反攻,反击),


counteract


(抵抗,阻碍)


counterrevolution


(反革


命)


,counter- clockwise


(逆时针方向)


, counter- culture, countermeasure



(二) 表示


“before”


的前缀



1



pre-


preconception


(成见),


pre-exist ing


(先于


……


而存在的),


pre-selection


(选举前的)





preface


(前言,序言)




prescribe


(开药),< /p>


predict


(预言)


, prevent


2



Ante- < /p>


anteroom


(前室,接待室),


a ntecessor


(先行者,先驱者)




anticipate


(预期)



3



Fore-

forehead


(前额),


foreground


(前景),


foreman


(工头,领班),


foresee


(预见),


foret ell


(预言)


, forearm, forefather, forecast


4



Pro-


programme


(计划),


prologue

< p>
(序幕)


, probe, proceed, process


5



Ex-


ex- president


(前任总统),


ex- wife


(前妻)




ex-con


(前罪犯)




(三)表示




< br>的前缀



1



post-


post- war


(战后),


post-position


(后置词),


postmeridian


(下午)




post-mortem


(验


尸的,死后的),


postpone


(推迟,延后),


postgraduate


(研究生)




(四)表示




< br>、





的前缀



1



Hypo- Hypocrisy


(伪善,虚伪),


hypothesis< /p>


(假设),


hypochlorite


( 次氯酸盐)



2



Infra-


Infra-red


(红外线),


in frastructure


(基础设施),


infrasoni c


(次声的)



3



Sub-


Sub-editor


(副编辑),


s ubway


(地铁),


sub-conscious

< p>
(下意识的),


submarine


(海下


的,潜艇),


sub-tropical


(亚 热带的),


subtitle


(副标题),

suburb


(郊区)




(五)表示







再次


”< /p>




向后



的前缀



1.


Re-


Refuel


(给

< p>


加油),


retranslate


(再译),


reinforce


(加强),


reconstruct


(重建),


retur n


(返回)




repay


(偿还),


replace


(替换,放回原位)




2


2.


Retro- Retrograde


(倒退的),


retrospect


(回顾)




(六 )表示



共同







的 前缀



1.


Co-


co-exist(


共存


)

< p>


co- operate


(合作),


co- education


(男女同校)




co-worker


(工友,同


事)



2.


con (col,com,cor)-


Connection


(连接),


collaborate


(协作,合作),


correlation


(相关性,关联),


conspiracy


(阴谋),


conference


( 会议),


convention


(会议)




(七)表示


< br>相互




之间



的前缀



1



Inter-


Inter-changeable


(可互换的),

< p>
interdependent


(互相依靠的),


international


(国际的),



inter- personal


(人际的),


intercity


(城际),


intercontinental


(洲际的)




interact


(互

< p>
动,相互影响),


Internet


(互联网)< /p>




(八)表示






“< /p>


超出



的前缀



1



Ec- Eclipse


(蚀),


ecstasy


(狂想)



2



Extra-







Extraordinar


y


(非凡的)



extramur


a



l


< br>校外的),


extrasensory


(超感觉的)




extra-terrestrial


(地球之外的,外星的)




(九)表示



超过


”< /p>


的前缀



1



hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-


hyper-sen sitive


(过敏的),


preterhuman

< p>
(超人的)


, surrounding, ultrasonic



(十)其它的前缀



1



auto-


< p>


automatic


(自动的),


autobiography


(自传)


, autograph, automobile


2



mal-


坏,恶



Ma lnutrition


(营养不良),


maltreat


(虐待)


, malicious, malignant, malice


3



Micro- < /p>


Microscope


(显微镜),


mi crotome


(切片机)




microwave oven


(微波炉)



4



Tele-





3


Telegram


(电报),


telephone


(电话),


telescope


(望远镜)




television


(电视),


telemetric


(遥测)


, telecommunications, telecast, telecontrol

< br>5



Demi-,semi-



hemi-


Semi-circle


(半圆),


hemisphere


(半球),

< br>demilune


(半月,新月)



6



Uni-, mono-


(单一


,


单独)



Monotone

< p>
(单调),


monologue


(独白),


uniform


(制服)




unique


(独一无二的),



university


(综合性大学,将各个学院合而为一),


universal


(统一的,一致的),


unicorn


(独角兽),


unite


(联合,合并)


, universe, unity, union, unisex, unit


7



Bi-,di-




Biy early


(二年一次的),


biweekly


(二周一次的),


dichloride


(二氯化物)



Carbon dioxide, bipod (


双足动物


)


8.


Tri-




Triangle


(三角),


tripod

(三角架)




trinity< /p>


(三位一体)



9.


Multi-




multi- colored


(颜色多样的),


multi- national


(多国的)




multi- culture


(多元文化),



multi- linguist


(会说多种语言的人),


multi- media


(多媒体)



10.


Poly





Pol ygon(


多角形


)



polytomic(


多原子的


)

< br>11



Arch


-首领



archbishop


(大主教),


architect


(建筑师)



,archangel


(大天使),


monarch


(君主),



anarchy


(混乱)



12.


bene-


善,好


< br>benefit


(利益),


benevolence


(善意)




be nediction


(祝福)



13.


homo-




homosexual


(同性恋的),


homograph


(同形异义字)



14



neo




neo-colonialism (


新殖民主义


)


neolithic


(新石器时代的)


< br>15



ortho-


正确,直< /p>



orthogonal


(直角的),< /p>


orthodox


(正统)


< p>
16



philo-


挚爱



philosopher


(哲学家)




philanthropy


(慈善活 动),


Philip


17



proto-






protohydrogen


(初氢),


prototype


(原型),


protoplasm


(原生质)



18



pseudo-


假的


,


伪的


,


冒充的




4


pseudonym


(匿名),


pse udo-communism


(伪共产主义)




pseudoscience


(伪科学),



pseudo


19



a-,ab-,abs-










t,c













avo id


(避免),


absent


(缺少的 ),


abstain


(抑制


,


戒绝),


abstract


(抽象)

< p>


20



Apo-,ap h-


来自



apology

< p>
(道歉,谢罪),


apostle


(倡言者,先驱 )



21



s e-


分离



separation


(分开),


secure


(安全的),


sedition


(煽动叛乱)



22



para-


防< /p>



parachute


(降落伞),



parasol


(阳伞)


< p>
23



omni-


所有的 ,公共的



omnibus


(公共汽车 ),


omnipotence


(无所不能)



omniscient



omnipresent


24



pan-


全,泛



Pan-American


(全美的),


pancean


(万灵药),


panorama


(风景的全貌


;


万花筒)



25



panto-

< br>全



pantisocracy


(乌托邦大同世界),


pantoscopic


(视野广大)< /p>



26



dia -


通过,借以



diagonal


(对角的),


diagnosis


(诊断) ,


dialogue


(对话)



27



Per-


















perambrlate


(走来走去),


perfect


极好的



28.


trans-


通过,横过



transcript


(抄本


,


副本


;


记录),

translation


(翻译),


transparen t


(透明的),


transport


(运输),


transplant


(移植)


29.


Com-,con-,cor-,col-
















comment


(评论),


compi le


(编辑),


correlation


(相互关系),


collect


(收集),

< br>corruption


(贪污腐败),


collabo rate


(合作,合著)



30.


syn-


共同



synonym


(同义词),


synchronizatio n


(同步),


syntonic


(谐振 的),


synthetic


(人工的,



合成的)



31.


meta-


变化,变形



metaphor


(比喻),


metaphysic s


(形而上学)



< br>metabolism


(新陈代谢)



32.


Cis-


在这一边

< p>
cisatlantic


(大西洋这边的)



33



pen-


几 乎,相近




5

peninsular



.


住在半 岛上的居民


,


半岛


(

< br>状


)



,


形成半岛的)



34

< br>.


en-,em-



……


里,使


……



enc amp


(扎营),


enable(


使< /p>


……



)



endear


(使


……

受喜爱)


,embrace


(拥抱


,


抓住


(




)




encompass


(包围),


em body


(体现),


embed


(嵌入 )



35



intro


内在



intracardiac


(心脏内部的),


intramolecular

< br>(分子内部的),


intracelular


(细胞内部 的)





introvert


(内向的)



36



intro-



……




introduce


(介绍),


introspect


(反省,内省)



37



dys-




dyspepsia


(消化不良),


dysentry


(痢疾)



38


.< /p>


Eu-


优,美好



eulogy


(颂词),


euphony

(悦耳的声音)




euphemism


(婉言)



39



ambi-,amphi-


两者



amphibian


(两栖的),


am bidextrous


(两只手都很灵巧的


;

< br>心怀二意的


;


非常灵巧的)


< /p>


40



penta-



pentagon


(五角大楼 ),


pentagram


(五角星),


pentameter


(五步诗句)



41



sex-



sexangle


(六角),


s exennial


(六年一度的)



42.


sept-




September


九月(古罗马的七月),


septennial


(七年一度)



43.


hepta-



heptab


(七个成套之物)


,heptagon


(七角形)



44



octa-,octo,oct




octagon

< br>(八角形),


octuple


(八倍),


October (


十月


)



octopus


(章鱼)



45



nona-,ennea-




nonagon


(九角 形),


ennead


(九个一组)


< /p>


46



deci-,deca-




decimal


( 十进位,小数),


decagramme


(十克)




decade


(十年)



47



centi-




ce ntimeter


(厘米),


centipede


(蜈蚣)



48



milli-




mi llenias


(千年的),


millimeter

< p>
(毫米)




mille nnium


(千年)


, milligram



6


49



Kilo-




kilowatt


(千瓦),


kilometer

< p>
(千米),


kilogram


(千克)

< p>
, kilocalorie





二、后缀



(一)名词后缀



< br>1



-ster



-eer



-er



or,ar


)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(


person engaged in


an occupation or activity


)例词:


gamester

< br>,


gangster



song ster



engineer



profiteer



mountaineer



auctioneer



driver



te acher



director



actor



professor, visitor, beggar,


weaponeer, profiteer, supervisor


2



-let


意为:小



不重要



环形的东西(


small



unimportant or round thing


)例词:


booklet




leaflet



starlet ,islet, piglet



bracelet, armlet,


3



-ette < /p>


意为:


1



小的 东西(


small


)例词:


cigar ette 2



假的东西(


imita tion


)例词:


leatherette

< br>3


)女性(


female


)例词 :



usherette


4



-ess


意为:女性(


female


)例词:


actress



poetess


,< /p>


hostess



paintress


5



-hood

意为:时期(


status



et c


.)例词:


boyhood



childhood



manhood


6



-ship

意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(


skill



state



condition



status



qual ity


)例





leadership



frie ndship



membership



lectureship



spor tsmanship, scholarship,


authorship, fellowship, hardship


7



-ful


意为:数量(


the amount which noun contains


)例词:


cupful



handful




mouthful




spoonful ,armful, roomful


8< /p>



-tion



-ion


意为:


1


)状态,行动等(


state



action

< p>


etc


.)例词:


ac tion



oppression


,< /p>



possession



education



starvation


2


)机构等(


institution



etc


.)例词:



organization




foundation


9



-ment

意为:状态,行动等(


state




action



etc

< p>
.)例词:


movement


< br>enslavement




pavement, entertainment, enjoyment, monument


10



-al < /p>








action


) 例词:


arrival



refusa l



revival



recital



removal, survival, denial,


musical


11



-age









等< /p>



extent




amount



etc

< p>
.)例词:


wastage


coverage




acreage



< br>shrinkage



breakage



hostage, percentage, wreckage


12



-ness


;< /p>


-ity



ty


)意为







质(


state

< br>;


quality



etc


.)例词:


happiness




usefulness



< p>
selfishness



kindness



rapidity


activity



sanity



changeability, regularity, popularity,


honesty, treaty, creativity


13



-ism









,< /p>






doctrine


of



practice


of





< p>
idealism



impressionism





7 < /p>


absenteeism



racism ,journalism



me-tooism, Marxism, Socialism, Communism,


Chauvinism, sexism,



(二)动词后缀



常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:



1



-ify


意为:转为,变为(


to turn into



to make or become


)例词:


beautify




diversify




simplify, purify, identify, personify, signify, glorify


2


-ize



-en


意为:使




,变得


……< /p>



to make or become



t


o


make into


)例词:


mode rnize




popularize



legalize



hospitalize



symbolize



ripen



wi den



heighten



threaten


3



-ate


意为:增加,使


……



give or add



make or become


)例词:


originate




hydrogenate




validate



differenti ate



(三)形容词后缀



常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:



1



-ful


意为:充满,有(


full of



hav- ing


< p>
giving



etc


. )例词:


useful



pitifu l




hopeful



< br>helpful



forgetful

< br>,


thankful




fearful, joyful


2



-less

意为:没有,无(


without



not giving


)例词:


speechless



childless


harmless




hopel ess



meaningless, footless, penniless, jobless, aimless


3



-ly


意为:有


……


品质的(


having the qualities of


)例词:


beastly< /p>



manly




brotherly




friendly, comradely, motherly, daily, deadly, likely, lovely


4



-like

意为:像


……


的(


like


)例词:



childlike



statesmanlike


< br>tiger-like


5



- y



-ish


意为:像


……


一般的(


somewhat like


)例词:


meaty



sandy




silky

< p>


hairy




leafy



watery

< br>,


foolish



girli sh



blackish


< p>
thinnish, bookish


6



-some

意为:像


……


一样的;引起


……< /p>


的;有


……


品质的(

like



causing




having the


quality



of





troublesome



burdensome



wholesome



tiresome



bothersome

< br>,


awesome,


handsome

< p>
7



-able



ible


)意为:能


……

的;可以


……




able


to be



c apable


)例词:



changeable



< p>
readable



drinkable



comfortable


< br>expansible



convincible


8



-ed


意为:有


……



having



etc


.)例词:


wooded



pointed



moneyed




odd-shaped


9



-al


意为:有


……


属性的,


……

< p>
类型的(


nature of



typical of


)例词:


cultural



personal




regional



musical


10



-ary



ory


)意为:属于


……


的,与


……


相连的(


b elonging to



connected with


)例词:



revoluti onary



imaginary


,< /p>



contradictory


11



-ous

意为:富含


……


的;有


……


品质的;像


……




full of



having the quality of



like



例词:


glorious



erroneous


< br>malicious



gracious



8

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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