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重庆市万州市
2016
高考英语二轮：阅读理解
精练（
4
）答案
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A.B.C
和
D
项中，选出最佳选项。
Advertisers tend to think big and
perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for
criticism. Their
critics seem to resent
them because they have a flair for self-promotion
and because they have so
much money to
throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that
this entirely unproductive industry (if
we
can
call
it
that)
should
absorb
millions
of
pounds
each
year.
It
only
goes
to
show
how
much
profit
the big companies are making. Why don’t they
stop
advertising and reduce the price
of their
goods? After all, it’s the
consumer who pays…’
The
poor
old
consumer!
He’d
have
to
pay
a
great
deal
more
if
advertising
didn’t
create
mass
markets for products. It is precisely
because of the heavy advertising that consumer
goods are so
cheap.
But
we
get
the
wrong
idea
if
we
think
the
only
purpose
of
advertising
is
to
sell
goods.
Another
equally
important
function
is
to
inform.
A
great
deal
of
the
knowledge
we
have
about
household goods derives largely from
the advertisements we read. Advertisements
introduce us to
new products or remind
us of the existence of ones we already know about.
Supposing you wanted
to buy a washing
machine, it is more than likely you would obtain
details regarding performance,
price,
etc., from an advertisement.
Lots
of
people
pretend
that
they
never
read
advertisements,
but
this
claim
may
be
seriously
doubted. It is hardly possible not to
read advertisements these days. And what fun they
often are,
too! Just think what a
railway station or a newspaper would be like
without advertisements. Would
you enjoy
gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws
while waiting for a train? Would you like
to read only closely printed columns of
news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty
advertisement
makes such a difference
to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily
ration of calamities.
We
must
not
forget,
either,
that
advertising
makes
a
positive
contribution
to
our
pockets.
Newspapers, commercial radio and
television companies could not subsist without
this source of
revenue.
The
fact
that
we
pay
so
little
for
our
daily
paper,
or
can
enjoy
so
many
broadcast
programmes is due
entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just
think what a newspaper would
cost if we
had to pay its full price!
Anoth
er
thing
we
mustn’t
forget
is
the
‘small
ads.’
which
are
in
virtually
every
newspaper
and
magazine.
What
a
tremendously
useful
service
they
perform
for
the
community!
Just
about
anything can be accomplished through
these columns. For instance, you can find a job,
buy or sell a
house,
announce
a
birth,
marriage
or
death
in
what
used
to
be
called
the
‘hatch,
match
and
dispatch’ column but by
far the most fascinating section is the personal
or ‘agony’ column. No other
item in a
newspaper provides such entertaining reading or
offers such a deep insight into human
nature. It’s the best advertisement for
advertising there is!
is main idea of this
passage?
A.
Advertisement.
B.
The benefits of
advertisement.
C.
Advertisers perform a useful service to
communities.
D.
The costs
of advertisement.
attitude of the
author toward advertisers is
A.
appreciative.
B.
trustworthy.
C.
critical.
D.
dissatisfactory.
do the
critics criticize advertisers?
A.
Because advertisers
often brag.
B.
Becaus
e critics think advertisement is
a “waste of money”.
C.
Because customers are encouraged to
buy more than necessary.
D.
Because customers pay more.
of the
following is Not True?
A.
Advertisement makes contribution to
our pockets and we may know everything.
B.
We can buy what we want.
C.
Good quality
products don’t need to be advertised.
D.
Advertisement makes our
life colorful.
passage is
A.
Narration.
B.
Description.
C.
Criticism.
D.
Argumentation.
Vocabulary
come
in for ( sth. )
是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物）
，
获得
flair
天资，天分
iniquitous
极邪恶的，极不公正的
drab
单调的，乏味的
subsist
活下去，生存下去，维持下去
hatch
孵化（指生孩子）
match
匹配，婚姻
dispatch
派遣，发送
agony
极大痛苦，煎熬
agony
column
（报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏
难句译注
Advertisers tend to think big and
perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for
criticism.
【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想
得很大）
，也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。
Their critics seem to resent them
because they have a flair for self-promotion.
【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高
/<
/p>
标榜上很有天分。
No other
item in a newspaper provides such entertaining
reading or offer such deep insight into
human nature.
【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目
都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻
的洞察。
It’s the best advertisement for
advertising there is.
【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真
正作用。
文章首先指出广告商遭
批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们
认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的
后果突出其功能，没有广告，
商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰
富多彩，人们获取各种信息
。
答案详解
1.
C.
广
告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产
品开
辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那
么
便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知
/
告诉信息，有
关家用商品的许多只是来自
广告，还有新产品的介绍。
第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，<
/p>
机智的广告将改变一切。
第四段讲了它
为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公
司没有这笔
收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目
完全是因
为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！
最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。
这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。
2.
A.
广告。太笼统。
B.
广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。
D.
广告费
用。
3.
A.
欣
赏
/
赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是
A<
/p>
项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第
一段内提到的论
点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。
最重要的是消
费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了
A
项对。
B.
值得信任。
C.
批评。
D.
不满意。
A.
因为广告商常常爱吹，
。见难句
译注
1.
。
B.
因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。
C.
因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。
D.
因为消费者
支付更多。
4.
C.
优
质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。
A.
广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。
B.
我们可以买到我们所需的。
D.
广告使我们生活丰富多彩。
这三
条都提到也是真实的。
5.
C.
文
章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。
A.
叙事。
B.
描写。
D.
议论。
阅读理解。
Why
laughter matters
Although most people
believe that laughter is one of the nature's great
treatments for a whole range
of mental
and physical diseases, it is still a serious
scientific subject that researchers are trying to
figure out.
“
Laughter above all else is
a social thing
，
”
says Baltimore neuroscientist, Robert
Provine, who has
studied laughter for
decades.
“
All laughter
groups laugh
‘
haha
ha’
basically the same way. Whether
you
speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will
understand laughter. There is a pattern
generator(
发生器
) in
our brain that produces this
sound.
”
Laughing
is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh
long before they speak. No one teaches
them how to laugh. They just do. People
may laugh at a prank(
恶作剧
) on
April Fools' Day. But
surprisingly,
only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of
someone making a joke. Laughter is
mostly about social responses rather
than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing
and people on
cell phones laugh without
seeing, showing that laughter isn't dependent on
single sense but on social
interactions.
And laughter
is not just a thing of people. Chimps
tickle(
挠痒
) each other and
even laugh when
another chimp pretends
to tickle them.
Jaak Panksepp, a
Bowling Green University Psychology professor,
studies rats that laugh when he
tickles
them. It turns out rats love to be
tickled
—
they return again
and again to the hands of
researchers
tickling them.
By studying rats,
scientists can figure out what's going on in the
brain during laughter. Northwestern
University biomedical engineering
professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that
laughter in rats
produces a chemical
that acts as an
antidepressant(
抗抑郁药
). He
thinks the same thing probably
happens
in humans, too. This would give doctors a new
chemical target to develop drugs that can
fight depression.
Even so,
laughter itself has not been proved to be the best
medicine, experts say. Margaret Stuber, a
professor at University of California,
studied whether laugher helped patients. She found
that
distraction(
分心
)
and mood improvement helped, but she could not
find a benefit of laughter alone.
“
No study has shown that
laughter produces a direct health
benefit
，
”
Provine said, largely because
it's hard to separate laughter from
just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn't really
matter,
“
Isn't the
fact that laughter feels good when you
do it enough
？”
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