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外文文献：
Construction of the competition and
competition strategy
Engineering
and
construction
firms
from
the
United
States
dominated
the global market
for many decades but recent world events have
altered their position.
To
investigate
the
driving
forces
and
trends
that
will
affect
engineering and construction
competition
in
the next
decade, a
research project,
called
the
of
Construction
Competition
in
the
Year
2000
was
sponsored
by
the
Construction
Industry
Institute's
Construc-tion
2000
Task
Force-
The
project
examined
the
factors that affect competitiveness,
including the following,
The shaping of
corporate capabilities; vertical integration and
horizontal
expansion
to
increase
corporate
capabilities
and
market
share,
including
acquisition
and
mergers
by
offshore
conglomerates
and the acquisition of foreign firms by
U. S. companies.
Financing options; the
role of privatization, build-own-transfer
projects, and the nature of project
financing in future markets,
Management,
organization,
and
structure;
future
management
and
organizational
approaches, structures, and techniques to attract
personnel to perform in a global
competitive environment.
Work
force
characteristics;
future
availability
of
engineering
and
construction workers at
the professional and craft levels.
Technological
issues:how
technology
will
affect
competition
and
be
used to offset work force
shortages.
Research Objectives and
Scope
This research project's goal is
to collect information, to adapt
to the
2000
and the
engineering
construction after adjustment,
formulate strategies needed to provide
insight and formulate 2000
engineering
construction of
possible
development
plan.
This
study
reviewed
the
project
construction
process
of
history,
current
development
trend,
to
determine
the
impact
of
the
industry,
and
the
impetus
to
the
future
industrial
enterprises
are
related
to
reshape
the
ability,
privatisation
and
financing
methods
of
potential
function
and
management,
organization
structure,
methods
for
future
development
direction.
Research scope includes
selected some of the company, the company
has interviewed expertise personnel.
The staff professional wide
range,
including
commercial
buildings,
public
buildings,
industrial
infrastructure,
infrastructure
construction,
power,
light industry. The
production process and space science.
Engineering construction competitive
characteristics
Engineering
construction
of
competition
because
the
following
reasons in change features:
In the 1980s,
and
plan in the 1990s, the implementation
of the
project construction are guided from
contradictory situation, to
cooperate.
Should
be
in
a
positive
view
of
the
new
company
to
enter
the
international
market,
because
of
its
construction
increased
global
cooperation
opportunities.
Cooperation
will
make
all the
partners,
because the
American company benefit can be found in the
country
partner,
likewise,
foreign
companies
opportunities
will
break
into
the
U.S. Market.
Competitive strategy
Future strategy
In 2000, the
company will strive to do:
Provide the
highest quality service
Can assume any
part of the world
In order to reduce
the split ground and risk control
Out
in international market the most competitive price
In
order to achieve
the
ideal,
engineering
construction
should
be:
Increase staff
capital investment
The knowledge and
improve labor technology level
Have
solid complete communications and transport
infrastructure
Concentrate on key
research, product quality is guaranteed, fine,
and
arouse
the
enthusiasm
of
the
workers,
improve
workers
technology
level.
The 21st century is the main factor
fractal ring will compete in
the
international
market,
including
the
integration
of
productivity,
union salary
to abate, reduce the power industry management and
privatization.
American
company
competition
ability,
largely
depends
on
developing
and
effective
use
of
technical
innovation.
American
companies
need
not
only use
the
technical
innovation, domestic by
other
countries
optimization improved technology. In
the future will be popular
technology
innovation
will
not
some
big
breakthrough,
but
the
existing technology
continuous improvements.
British
buildings company profile
In
the
early
1990s,
the
head
of
the
flexible
builders
who
don't
make
a
building, but what else can do, making many
buildings company
suffered a serious
blow the economic depression, experienced and
excessive expansion
of
real estate
industry
also.
But,
when
he
saw
them in
the real estate industry (in the big money, most
of them
in
order
to
disencumber
the
bet
down
again
in
the
real
estate
market.
By Alan cosmas
indicopleustes under the leadership of Mr. Shaw ai
enjoy
in the
old
field company Merck's
reputation
can earn cash
on
the
balance
sheet,
and
can
keep
the
balance.
However,
in
some
areas
of the world, the
company also man a dilemma, especially in the
United
States,
the
change
from
a
Louisiana
oil
and
natural
gas
market
of
recession,
it
is
especially
outstanding
in
Britain,
the
commercial and
industrial
real estate market,
the
company is
faced
with
a
difficult
situation,
with
profits.
And
it
also
became
worse.
The company's
development, walid UK early 1990s third big house
builders, probably because
London suburb
will have
a copy
from
the
era
of George
sell buildings of former
prime minister Margaret
thatcher
and
world-famous.
The
company's
character,
chairman
of
the
unique Laurie
walid
from Mr Often
lady
public
support.
The approximate
mythological blessing that he seemed destined to
enjoy.
In
fact,
the
company
also
is
different,
the
influence
of
the
housing
slump is strong in
Laurie, under the leadership of the
company now
recover its
stronger towards
the financial
status.
Laurie
retired
charge
again
situation
(1991
fall
after
his
retirement he restored
to the company recalled). As most of its
business
competitors,
the
industry
in
different
market
also
suffered a serious
blow, although the slump in 1993, the company
is beginning to improve long-term
credit rating IBCA institution
of the
first buildings company business development for a
while.
John, the company is different,
have very good to withstand the
latest
world
construction
difficulties.
They
have
abundant
capital,
clearly recognized
that they have greatly reduced the book value
of the asset. For example, in early
1990, they in real estate in
the
bank
delimit
lost
1
￡
2m
value.
After
that,
they
cut
and
labor.
Despite their housing sales still quite
good, but its profit is
reduced. The
company is in most lai attention is famous for its
environmental problems.
The
status and the tower mike company walid special
form bright
contrast,
in
1993,
their
credit
rating
agency
reduced
by
IBCA.
This
company in the 1980s most time trying
to prove to the world that
they
are
the
UK's
biggest
builders,
the
information
being
understanding, and
either, but hopefully it never happened. They
suffer from cope with high growth rate
cuts, to build houses. But
the
company is still
tower
mike
Britain's biggest
construction
and
building
materials
group
company.
October
1992,
they
closed
the
real
estate
business,
and this
is
the
will
of
the
seven
business
to
three
(building, quarrying and residential
building) part of the plan.
Michael
essien,
Somerville,
resistant
to
fly,
the
group's
President,
in
the
company
after
22
years
in
the
spring
of
1992,
sit
on
the
seat
of
the
hot
ass.
People
think
that the
housing
problem
of
exposure,
this
position
has
arrived
at
the
point,
which
including several
on
a
company's
balance
sheet
of
the
large-scale
joint
enterprise,
joint
enterprise
business,
actually
makes
corporation
debts
machine
more.
Taylor
wood
of
real
estate
industry recession
Royce
unpleasant
experiences
embodied in 1992, when the estate of autumn is
Daniel
Peter
HeJi
sudden resignation, it
also happens
in
its
predecessor,
Peter
trillion
resigned
after
all
shocked
by
only
a
few
months.
Home,
then
reverse,
Taylor
wood
Rolls-Royce
announced
due
to
bad
management,
caused
severe
losses.
Although
construction
contracting
business
increasingly
important
status
in
a
recession,
but company two-
thirds of income from this business is. However,
the
company has
a
huge investment
assets
securities,
rental
income
more than 5 year 2000
million pounds. The company has no longer
conduct risky business projects, at
least until the situation in
better
later.
Eastern
European
architectural
market
competition
situation
analysis
At
present,
the
economic
reforms
of
the
eastern
Europe,
thus
caused
confusion
of
these
areas
of
business
activities
with
the
new
economic
system.
Experts
say,
analyzed
from
a
long-term
perspective,
using
the
market
economic
policy
will
bring
a
more
stable,
and
more
favorable
economic
environment.
The
reform
of
political
economy
in
eastern
Europe
will
be
for
those
who
are
willing
to invest
in this
area
of
the
company
to
create
a
lot
of
money
but
market.
If
you
keep
the
momentum,
before
long,
eastern
Europe
5640
billion
dollars
each
year
for
the
construction
of
international
construction
market
will
be
more
than
one-third
of
the
market.
This
area
is
open
to
the
world
situation
inaugurated a new construction.
The
object of study
The
goal
is
to
establish
a
framework,
and
international
engineering
and construction company may formulate
feasible strategy, and to
evaluate the.
The framework has been introduced for the project
construction company outside the
eastern area in the construction
business
is
very
helpful.
In
order
to
measure
the
market
opportunities
and
challenges,
we
sent
the
questionnaires
and
interviews, the individual to identify
important success factors
or aspects.
Thus illustrates construction company in
determining
their
strategy
must
possess
the
characteristics.
Through
the
research of
strategic framework
has
been
set up
in
this
area
by
an
actual
construction,
an
international
engineering
and
construction
company is considering to undertake the
engineering, to test this
strategic
framework in specific market environment effect.
The research methods
By
reference to the literature, questionnaire issued
a personal
interview,
and
the
research
target
has
been
achieved.
This
research
using data from the
world's major construction company. Including
13 U.S. companies, two south Korean
companies.
Questionnaires
to
collect
data
compiled
for
investigation
and
ensure the consistency of the content.
The problem, not the way
people
won't
produce
a
certain
criteria.
Free
to
answer
this
question, ask questions in order to
guarantee the unfavorable and
overmuch.
Participate in the
company's
answer to
the question,
questionnaire involving
the
problems in three aspects:
(1) the
eastern
architecture
market
opportunities
and
challenges, (2)
the
construction of key
factors YangChengGong city, (3) to determine
the
strategic
framework,
construction
industry
should
make
adjustments. Each main
parts attached to a set of problems under
which the object of study, make clear
further.
Interview
based
on
construction
engineering
company
voluntary
under
the condition of the study of the
company, in answer
The telephone
interviews survey or separate. For these companies
how
to
build
and
use
their
own
in
this
area
is
a
strategic
framework,
if the researchers believe that the
method is feasible, and they
put main
skills assembly written. By visiting personnel to
answer
questions,
what
is
eastern
architecture
market
success
factor
?
The
important factor in his
company is a positive or negative impact?
What
effect?
Researchers
also
collected
from
international
architectural
engineering,
as
well as
a lesson in
later in the
project of
measures have been taken.
The future
trend of real estate investment
Housing
has been the most important in the modern life of
demand.
Families with more spacious and
comfortable
housing
demand has
increased, and
hope to have more disposable income in the house.
As
a
result,
households
residential
become
very
expensive.
In
addition,
the
new
population
statistics
show
that
currently
existing housing
needs to sell the house of points, recreational
property
and
retiree
community.
Commercial and
industrial
real
estate investment is
also very good. In order to judge what real
estate
market within the
scope
of
comparative
spruce,
analyzed
the
market is very
important. However, many investment prospects are
very optimistic.
The
feasibility of the economy, the future of the
investment real
estate
showing
strong.
But
in
general
economic
conditions,
also
do
not
exclude
it
If investors can
develop
a safety
strategy,
so they will get considerable income. These
strategies
including
effective
operation
and
management,
analyzes
the
problem,
real estate and
correct treatment, the contradiction between the
owner and the occupiers and understand
the role of investment and
investment
project, the influence of the government in
property.
The real
estate
investor can
dominate
the
market
this
problem with
real estate
income has more than ordinary shares, the problem
is
an
old
problem.
Actually
no
reason
to
believe
that an
investor
can
use
the
same
market
information and analytical
skills
in
long-
term