-
三立教育
2018
年
5
月
5
日
SAT
阅读考试真题回忆
5
月
5
日的
SAT
考试已经结束了，相信有很多没有参加考试的同
学，也比较期
待这次考试都考到了哪些内容
?
< br>三立在线为整理了最新的真题回忆，让我们一起
来看看吧
!
Passage 1: The MysteriousPortrait,
Literature
Young Chartkov was an artist with a
talent that promised much: in
flashes
and moments his brush bespoke power of
observation,
understanding, a strong
impulse to get closer to nature.
one
thing entices you, some one thing takes your
fancy
—
and you
occupy yourself with it, and the rest
can rot, you don't care about it, you
don't even want to look at it. Watch
out you don't turn into a fashionable
painter. Even now your colors are
beginning to cry a bit too loudly. Your
drawing is imprecise, and sometimes
quite weak, the line doesn't show;
you
go for fashionable lighting, which strikes the eye
at once. Watch out
or you'll fall right
into the English type. Beware. You already feel
drawn to
the world: every so often I
see a showy scarf on your neck, a glossy hat. . .
It's enticing, you can start painting
fashionable pictures, little portraits
for money. But that doesn't develop
talent, it ruins it. Be
over every
work, drop showiness
—
let the
others make money. You won't
come out
the loser.
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The professor
was partly right. Sometimes, indeed, our artist
liked to
carouse or play the
dandy
—
in short, to show off
his youth here and there.
Yet, for all
that, he was able to keep himself under control.
At times he
was able to forget
everything and take up his brush, and had to tear
himself away again as if from a
beautiful, interrupted dream. His taste
was developing noticeably. He still did
not understand all the depth of
Raphael, but was already carried away
by the quick, broad stroke of
Guido,
paused before Titian's portraits, admired the
Flemish school. 6
The dark surface
obscuring the old paintings had not yet
been entirely
removed for him; yet he already perceived
something
in them, though inwardly he
did not agree with his professor that the old
masters surpassed us beyond reach; it
even seemed to him that the
nineteenth
century was significantly ahead of them in certain
things, that
the imitation of nature as
it was done now had become somehow
brighter, livelier, closer; in short,
he thought in this case as a young man
thinks who already understands
something and feels it in his proud inner
consciousness. At times he became vexed
when he saw how some
foreign painter, a
Frenchman or a German, sometimes not even a
painter
by vocation, with nothing but
an accustomed hand, a quick brush, and
bright colors, would produce a general
stir and instantly amass a fortune.
This would come to his mind not when,
all immersed in his work, he
forgot
drinking and eating and the whole world, but when
he would
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finally come hard up against necessity,
when he had no money to buy
brushes and
paints, when the importunate landlord came ten
times a day
to demand the rent. Then
his hungry imagination enviously pictured the
lot of the rich painter; then a thought
glimmered that often passes
through a
Russian head: to drop everything and go on a spree
out of
grief and to spite it all. And
now he was almost in such a situation.
“
Yes! be
patient, be patient!
finally runs out.
Be patient! And on what money will I have dinner
tomorrow? No one will lend to me. And
if I were to go and sell all my
paintings and drawings, I'd get twenty
kopecks for the lot. They've been
useful, of course, I feel that: it was
not in vain that each of them was
undertaken, in each of them I learned
something. But what's the use?
Sketches,
attempts
—
and there will
constantly be sketches, attempts, and
no end to them. And who will buy them,
if they don't know my name?
And who
needs drawings from the antique, or from life
class, or my
unfinished Love of Psyche,
or a perspective of my room, or the portrait of
my Nikita, though it's really better
than the portraits of some fashionable
painter? What is it all, in fact? Why
do I suffer and toil over the ABC's like
a student, when I could shine no worse
than the others and have money
as they
do?
”
Passage 2: False Memory, Social
Science
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RememberThat? No, You
Don
’
t. Study Shows False
Memories Afflict
Us All
Even people with
extraordinary memories sometimes make things
up without realizing it.
It
’
s
easy enough to explain why we rememberthings:
multiple
regions of the brain
—
particularlythe
hippocampus
—
are
devoted to
the job.
It
’
s easy to understand why
we forgetstuff too: there
’
s
only so
much any busy brain can handle.
What
’
s trickier iswhat
happens in
between: when we clearly
remember things that simply neverhappened.
The phenomenon
of false memories iscommon to everybody
—
the
party you
’
re
certain you attended in high school,say, when you
were
actually home with the flu, but so
many people have told youabout it
over
the years that it
’
s made its
way into your own memory
memories can
sometimes be a mere curiosity, but other times
they
havereal implications. Innocent
people have gone to jail when
well-
intentionedeyewitnesses testify to events that
actually unfolded an
entirely
differentway.
What
’
s long been
a puzzle to memoryscientists is whether some
people
may be more susceptible to false
memoriesthan others
—
and, by
extension, whether
some people with exceptionally goodmemories may
be immune to them. A new study in the
Proceedings of the
NationalAcademy of
Sciences answersboth questions with a decisive no.
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False memories afflict everyone
—
evenpeople with
the best memories
of all.
To conduct the study, a
team led bypsychologist Lawrence Patihis of
the University of California, Irvine,
recruited a sample group of people all
ofapproximately the same age and
divided them into two subgroups:
those
withordinary memory and those with what is known
as highly
superiorautobiographical
memory (HSAM). You
’
ve met
people like that
before, and theycan be
downright eerie. They
’
re the
ones who can tell
you the exact date
onwhich particular events happened
—
whether in
their own lives or in the news
—
aswell as all
manner of minute
additional details
surrounding the event that mostpeople would forget
the second they happened.
To screen for HSAM, the
researchershad all the subjects take a quiz
that asked such questions as
“
[On what date]did an Iraqi
journalist hurl
two shoes at President
Bush?
”
or
“
What publicevent occurred
on Oct.
11,
2002?
”
Those who
excelled on that part of thescreening would move
to a second stage, in which they were
given
random,computer-generated dates
and asked to say the day of the week
on
which it fell,and to recall both a personal
experience that occurred
that day and a
publicevent that could be verified with a search
engine.
“
It was a
Monday,
”
said one
personasked about Oct. 19, 1987.
“
That was the day of the big
stock-market crash andthe cellist
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Jacqueline du Pr
é
died that day.
”
That
’
s somepretty
specific recall.
Ultimately, 20
subjects qualified for the HSAM groupand another
38
went into the ordinary-memory
category. Both groups werethen tested
for their ability to resist developing
false memories during aseries of
exercises designed to implant them.
In one, for
example, theinvestigators spoke with the subjects
about
the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks
andmentioned in passing the footage that
had been captured of United Flight
93crashing in Pennsylvania
—
footage, of course, that does not
exist. In bothgroups
—
HSAM subjects
and those with
normal memories
—
about 1 in 5 people
“
remembered
”
seeing this
footage when asked about it later.
“
It just seemed
like something wasfalling out of the
sky,
”
said one
of the HSAM participants.
“
I was just, youknow, kind
of stunned by
watching it, you know, go
down.
”
Word recall was also hazy.
Thescientists showed participants word
lists, then removed the lists and
testedthe subjects on words that had
and hadn
’
t been
included. The lists allcontained so-called lures
—
words that
would make subjects think of other,related ones.
The words
pillow, duvet and nap, for
example, might lead to a false memory of
seeing the word sleep. All of the
participants in both groups fell for the
lures,with at least eight such errors
per person
—
though some
tallied as
many as groups also
performed unreliably when shown
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photographs and fed luresintended to
make them think they
’
d seen
details in the pictures they
hadn
’
too, the HSAM subjects
cooked
up as many fake images as the
ordinaryfolks.
“
What I love about the study
is howit communicates something that
memory-distortion researchers have
suspected forsome time, that
perhaps no
one is immune to memory
distortion,
”
said
Patihis.
What
the study doesn
’
t do,
Patihisadmits, is explain why HSAM
people exist at all. Their prodigious
recall is amatter of scientific fact, and
one of the goals of the new work was to
see ifan innate resistance to
manufactured memories might be one of
the reasons. Buton that score,
the
researchers came up empty.
“
It rules something
out,
”
Patihissaid.
“
[HSAM individuals] probably
reconstruct memories in the same way
thatordinary people do. So now
we have
to think about how else we could explain
it.
”
He and others will
continue to look for that secret sauce
that elevatessuperior recall over
the
ordinary kind. But for now, memory still appears
to befragile,
malleable and prone to
errors
—
for all
of us.
Passage
3: Beans Talk, Natural Science
THE idea that
plants have developed a subterranean internet,
which
they use to raise the alarm when
danger threatens, sounds more like the
science-fiction of James
Cameron
’
s film
“<
/p>
Avatar
”
than any sort of
science
fact. But fact it seems to be, if work by David
Johnson of the