年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

but

转折后的内容。

M:

Emma,

I’ve

got

accepted

to

the

university

of

Leads.

Since

you’re

going

to

university

in

England,

do you know how much it is for international students to study there?

W: Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students, you’ll have to pay around 13,000

pounds a year, it’s just a bit more th

an the local students.

M: OK, that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway, I’m only going to be there

for a year, doing my masters. So it’s pretty good. If I stayed in the ., it’d take 2 years, and cost

at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leads,

which would be pretty awesome, the benefit of being a music genius.

W: Yeah, I heard you are a talented piano

player. So you are doing

a post-

graduate degree now?

I’m

still in my last yea

r, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies, and could go on

to earning lots of money.

M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money at that job then.

W:

You’d

be

surprised,

I’m

still

going

to

be

a

teacher.

But

the

plan

is

to

wo

rk

at

an

international

school overseas, after I get a year or

so experience in England. It’s

better

paid, and I

get to travel,

which reminds me I’m late for my class, and I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’ve

got to run.

Questions 12

—

15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What does the man want to know?

13. What is the man going to do?

14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at the leads university?

15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?

Passage 1

短文第一篇是说明介绍性的文章，介绍了蚂蚁，着重介绍了 对于人类房屋有危害的蚂蚁品种。文章主旨题，答

案出现在听力开篇处。第二题的出现位 置较后，需要考生保持耐心。听到“in

addition” 的时候紧张起来，就能

听到答案句最后一道题往往出在结尾处。反复出现的信息。

原文：

Scientists have identified thousands of known ants species around the world. And only a few of them

bug humans. Most ants live in the woods, or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check,

distribute

seeds,

and

clean

dead

and

decaying

materials

from

the

ground.

A

very

small

percentage

of

ants

do

harm

to

humans.

But

those

are

incredibly

challenging

to

control.

They

are

small

enough

to

easily

slip

inside your house. Live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands,

and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in,

these insects start affecting your home.

In addition to

barging ants, other species

can cause different

kinds of damage.

Some, like carpenter ants, can

undermine a

home

structure, while others

interfere with

the electrical units.

Unfortunately,

our

homes

are

very

attractive

to

ants,

because

it

provides

everything

the

colony

needs

to survive, such as food, water, and shelter. So, how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes?

Most

important

of

all,

avoid

giving

ants

any

access

to

food,

particularly

sugary

food,

because

ants

have

a

sweet

tooth.

We

also

need

to

clean

up

spills

as

soon

as

they

occur,

and

store

food

in

air-tight

containers.

Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible. And store your outside garbage

in a lidded can, while away from doors and windows.

Questions 16

—

18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16. What does the passage say about ants?

17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?

18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?

Passage 2

短文第

2

篇是一篇自述，介绍了“我”在老年保健领域的研究工作。体裁接近下 午六级

section C

。文章主旨

题，答案出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案，在开头走神的考生很容易失去第一道题的答案。细节题。细节

题，和第

2

题的位置很接近。但通过反复听到的“old” 和”health”，不难找到答案。

原文：

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system

is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as

we get older, it's easier for us to get affections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill.

This

is

evidence

that

our

immune

system

really

doesn't

function

so

well

when

we

age.

In

most

of

our

work,

when we were looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls.

So

we

work

very

closely

with

a

great

group

of

volunteers

called

the

One

Thousand

Elders,

these

volunteers

are all 65 or over, but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples

to be interviewed and to help us to carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research

is

going

to

be

on

health

in

old

age.

At

the

moment,

we

are

living

much

longer.

Life

expectancy

is

increasing

at 2 years for every decade, that means an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults

are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they are not spending time in hospital with infection.

Felling unwell and being generally weak we want people to be healthy even when they are old.

Questions 19

—

21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?

20. What are the volunteers are asked to do in the research?

21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?

Passage 3

短文第

3

篇是记叙文，

人物故事题。

介绍了一个老师在小学教授国际象棋 的事，

也介绍了这所小学的教学特点。

介绍学校和人物故事是四 级短文出现很多次的类型。

1.

第一题答案仍然出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案。

2.

细节题。

3.

细节题

4.

细节题。

When Ted Komada started teachi

ng 14 years ago at Kilip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage

a classroom and was struggling to connect with students, he noticed a couple of days after school that

a group of kid would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess, let me go a

nd show these

kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started

as a safe

place for kids to come after school.

And this week,

dozens of

those

students are getting ready

to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals

of Chess. The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won the

third

place

in

the

nation.

Komada

says

Chess

gives

him

and

his

students

control.

The

school

has

the

highest

number

of

kids

from

low- income

families.

Police

frequent

the

area

day

and

night.

As

2

months

ago,

a

young

man

was

shot

just

down

the

street.

Komada

likes

to

teach

his

students

that

they

should

think

about

their

move

before

they

do

it.

The

lessons

proved

valuable

outside

the

classroom

as

well.

Many

parents

see

these

lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see

whether they will lead to trouble.

Questions 22

—

25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?

23. What are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week?

24. What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary?

25. What have the students learned from Komada?

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.

You

are

required

to

select

one

word

for

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the

passage.

Read

the

passage

through

carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark

the corresponding letter for each item on ANSWER SHEET 2 with a single line through the centre. You may

not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (

暗礁

) perfect for scuba driving (

水肺

式潜泳

) and

preserving marine 26 . Turkish authorities

have

just

sunk something a little

different than

a ship, and it wo

uldn’t normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed

-out A300 was 27 of

everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today/ Not only will

the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new

underwater attraction will bring tourist to the area.

The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture

through

the

cabin

and

around

the

plane’s

31

.

Aydin

Municipality

bought

the

plane

from

a

private

company

for

just

under

US$$100,000,but

they

hope

to

see

a

return

on

that

32

through

the

tourism

industry.

Tourism

throughout

Turkey

is

expected

to

fall

this

year

as

the

country

has

been

the

33

of

several

deadly

terrorist

attacks. As far as sunken planes go,this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.

Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that

is

exactly

what

Turkish

authorities

are

hoping

this

attraction

will

make

people

think.

Drawing

in

adventure

seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver’s paradise(天

堂

).

A)

create

B)

depressed

C)

eventually

D)

Experiences

E)

exploring

F)

exterior

G)

habitats

H)

innovate

I)intentionally J)investment K)revealing L)stretches

M)stripped N)territory O)victim

答案：

26. G 27. M 28. A 29. L 32. J 33. O 34. I 35. E

【答案解析】

26.

根据空格位置，

marine

此处形容词，可判断出

26

题应为名词 。

marine

的意思是“海生的，海运的”固定

搭配“marine habitat”海洋栖息地。所以本题答案为“G”habitat“栖息地”。

27.

根据空格位置，词性应该为动词的被动态。本篇文章对

A300

持有肯定态度，所以此句想表达“A300”对

环境没有任何潜在的坏处，故答案应为“M”, “be stripped of”意为“剥夺”。

28.

此题空格前有“will”, 所以此处应填动词原形。选项中动词原形有“A”和“H”, 根据句意得知，沉没

的飞 机可以让人工珊瑚长的更好。所以本题答案为“A”，create“创造，产生”。

29.

此处应填动词原形，

主语为“ plane”，

故谓语动词应为单三形式。

所以答案是“L”, stretches

意为“延

伸”，此处指“飞机机身总长为< /p>

54

米”。

30.

此处应填副词，用来修饰后面的“be able to venture”, 答案应锁定在“C”eventually

和

“L”intentionally。这句话的意思是水肺式潜水者能够在船舱内冒险。故选项“C” eventually“最终地”，更

符合句意。

31.

此处应填名词形式，因为空格前为“plane’s” 。名词选项有“F”和“N”。空格处前半句是时候水肺式

潜水者能够在船舱内冒险，< /p>

所以后半句应该为他们也可以在船舱外面冒险。

故答案为“F”e xterior“外部，

表面”。

32.

因为空格前为“on

tha t”...所以此处应为名词。本句话的大意是：买这架飞机花了很多钱，所以他们希

望 通过旅游业能够看到自己投资的回报。所以答案为“J”investment“投资”。

33.

此处应填名词形式。

空格 后的内容为“严重的致命恐怖袭击”，

所以空格处应为

vict im“受害者”。

故答

案为“O”。

34.

此处应为副词形式。因为副词修饰形容词“large st”。副词只剩“I”intentionally

有目的性地，故意

地，修饰后面

sunk,

所以本题答案为“I”。

35. < /p>

此题应为形式，与

and

前的“taki ng

a

trip

underwa ter”保持并列。“E”exploring

和“K”revealing

A300

的内部都会是一场冒险”。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which

the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with

a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work

we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get

all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each

other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get

nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are

too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (

继续处理

) the emails that have inevitably still piled

up.

[B]

Why

should

flying

deplete

us?

We’re

just

sitting

there

doing

nothing.

Why

can’t

we

be

tougher,

more resilient (

有复原力的

) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for

ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic

schedule

or

the

plane

travel

itself;

the

problem

comes

from

a

misconception

of

what

it

means

to

be

resilient,

and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine

pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up

off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and

therefore

the

more

successful

we

will

be.

However,

this

entire

conception

is

scientifically

inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be

resilient

and

successful.

Research

has

found

that

there

is

a

direct

correlation

between

lack

of

recovery

and

increased

incidence

of

health

and

safety

problems.

And

lack

of

recovery

—

whether

by

disrupting

sleep

with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones

—

is costing our

companies $$62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes a

t

5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over

dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released,

researchers

from

Norway

found

that

%

of

Norwegians

have

become

workaholics(

工作狂

).

The

scientists

cite

a

definition

of

“workaholism”

as

“being

overly

concerned

about

work,

driven

by

an

uncontrollable

work

motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American

workers, which prompted

us to

begin a

study of

workaholism in

the

. Our

study

will use a large

corporate

dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus

interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs

for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their

children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair

project.

What

a

distortion

of

resilience!

A

resilient

child

is

a

well-rested

one.

When

an

exhausted

student

goes to school, he risks hurting every

one on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the

cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at

home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad

habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone,

you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout.

Gathering your resources to “try

hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens

exhaustion.

Thus

the

more

imbalanced

we

become

due

to

overworking,

the

more

value

there

is

in

activities

that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to

the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do

we recover and build resilience? Most people assume

that

if you

stop doing a

task

like

answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again

later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this

has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about

work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next

day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate interna

l and external recovery

periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery

refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the

work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing

to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily

depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work

—

. in the

free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie

around

on

your

bed

and

get

irritated

by

political

commentary

on

your

phone

or

get

stressed

thinking

about

decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal

states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself

the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes

how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests

downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can

also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically

scheduling automatic

airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took

only 1 minute, that would account for hours a day.

[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to

not

have

lunch

at

your

desk,

but

instead

spend

time

outside

or

with

your

friends

—

not

talking

about

work.

Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity

and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work

-free zone, and thus time to dip into

the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get

on

a

plane,

and

the

crowded

space

and

unstable

internet

connection

make

work

more

challenging.

Now,

instead

of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane,

instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adeq

uate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of

resilience.

44. People’s distorted view about resilienc

e may have developed from their upbringing.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：答案：

37. J 38. L 39. A 40. E 41. K 42. I 44. G 45. C

36.

答案：

D

。题干中

inadequate recovery

替换原 文

D

段中的

lack of a recovery

。

37.

答案：

J

。题干中

r elaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is

替换原文

J

段中第二

句的

the mental or physical resources required

。

38.

答案：

L

。

题干中

increases

one’s

work

effici ency

替换原文

L

段最后一句中的< /p>

raises

your

productivity

39.

答案：

A

。题干中

has a hectic time before taking a flight.

替换原文

A

段第三句中的

Th en, when we

try to have that amazing work session in flight

。

40.

答案：

E

。题干中

Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

替换 原

文

E

段第一句的

And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering。

41.

< br>答案：

K

。题干中

techno logy be used to prevent people from overworking

替换原文

K

段第二句中的

by using technology to control overworking

。

42.

答案：

I

题干中

rest

does

not

equal

recovery

替换原 文

I

段中最后一句

That’s

because

rest

and

recovery

are not the same thing

。

43.

答案：

B

。

题干中