-
考点
04
语法填空
——
2020
届高三《新题速递
·
英语》
(
1
)
2020
届陕西省榆林市高考一模英语试题<
/p>
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cuju was developed in China around 500
B. C. and was played with a leather ball. It is
considered by FIFA as the
41.
( early ) form of football.
During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju 42.
( spread) from the army to
the
royal courts and upper classes. It
43.
( say) that Emperor Wu
of nan enjoyed the
sport.
Cuju 44.
( match) were
often held inside the imperial palace.
Cuju was further developed
45. . the Tang Dynasty. There were dozens of well-
organized Cuju leagues in
Chang'an. 46.
was then the capital of the
Empire. The rules, fields and facilities for Cuju
became more advanced, for
example,
balls filled with air and Cuju goals appeared
during this period. 47.
was
also during this age that similar
games
were being played in Korea and Japan, and 48.
(gradual) worldwide.
Cuju was most developed during the Song
Dynasty because of the social and economic
development. At that
time,
49.
(profession)
Cuju
players
were
quite
popular.
They
fell
into
two
groups:
One
was
trained
by
and
performed for the royal
court and the other talented civilians who made a
50.
(live) as Cuju players.
【答案】
41.
earliest42. spread43. is/was said44. matches45.
in/during
46. which47. It48.
gradually49. professional50. living
【文章
大意】本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述了足球的历史。蹴鞠大约是在公元前
500
年在中国发展起来
的,当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球
形式。汉代,蹴鞠的普及从军队传到宫廷和上层社
会。据说南武帝很喜欢这项运动。蹴鞠
比赛常在皇宫内举行。唐代得到进一步发展,并逐渐在世界范围内
流行。宋代的蹴鞠运动
最为发达。
41.
考查形容词最高
级。句意:公元前
500
年左右,中国发明了蹴鞠,当时用的是
皮球。它被国际足联认为
是最早的足球形式。根据语境可知,此处是指蹴鞠是足球最早的
形式,故要用最高级,故填
earliest
。
42.
考查谓语动词的时态及语态。汉代,蹴鞠的
流行从军队传播到宫廷和上层社会。分析句子可知,本空是
谓语动词,其中的主语是蹴鞠
,与动词
spread
二者是主动关系,此处的时间状语是“汉
代”,要用一般过
去时,动词
spread
的过去时,还是
spread
。故填
spread
43.
考查谓语动词。句意:据说南朝武帝
很喜欢这项运动。根据语境可知,
“南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动
”,
既可以是现在大家说的,也可以是过去说的,所以既可用一般现在时,又可以用一般
过去时。此处是主语
T
主语从句“
th
at Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the
从句,
其中的
it
是形式主语,
真正的主语是后面的
that
从句。
sport.
”与动词
said
是被
动关系,是被说,因此要用被动语态。故填
is/was
said
。
44.
考查名词复数。句意:蹴鞠比赛常在故宫内举行。根据本句国的副词“
ofte
n
”可知
“蹴鞠比赛”不指
一次,有许多次,可数名词
match
要用复数
形式,故填
matches
。
45.
考查介词。句意:蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。根
据语境可指蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。此
时可用“
in/
during
”,故填
in/during
。
46.
考查定语从句。句意:在当时的帝国首都长安,有几十个组织良好的蹴鞠联盟。分析句子可知,本句是
定语从句,
其中的
Chang'an
是先行词,
在定语从句中做主语,
非限制性定语从句
中做主语,
指物,
要用
which
p>
,
故填
which
。
47.
考查强调句型。句意:在
这个时代,韩国和日本也有类似的游戏。分析句子可知,本句是强调句型“
it
is/was +
被强调部分
+that
+
剩余部分”,句强调了时间状语
during this
age
,去掉“
It is/was...that...
p>
”后句子
是完整的。故填
It
。
48.
考查状语。句
意:也就是在这个时期,类似的游戏在韩国和日本开始流行,并逐渐在世界范围内流行。
分析句子可知,空格处在句中修饰副词
worldwide
,修
饰副词要用副词,故填
gradually
。
< br>
49.
考查形容词。句意:当时,职业的蹴鞠运动员
颇受欢迎。分析句子可知,本空格在句中作定语,修饰名
词
Cu
ju players
,修饰名词要用形容词,故填
profe
ssional
。
50.
考查固定搭配。句意:一组是由皇家宫廷训练和表演的,另一组是以蹴鞠为生的有才华的平民运动
员。
“
make a living
”
为固定搭配,意为“以
......
为生”。故填
living
。
(
2
)河南省郑州市
2019-2020
学年高三上学期第一次质量预测
阅读下面短
文,在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并
将答案填写在答题卡相应
的位置上。
If you’ve ever ridden public transport,
you’ve probably heard snoring
and found
someone sleeping in the
(打鼾)
seat across from you.
The natural vibration
(震动)
of
buses andsubways 41.
(make)
us feel sleepy, according to a
new
study in Science Alert.
Why?
It’s
all
about
sensory
input
-
information
going
to
your
brain.
On
a
bus,
your
senses
give
you42.
(continue)
and
repeating
information.
For
example,
the
air
conditioner
and
engine
create
constant
white
noise.
Meanwhile,
you
are
sitting
still
and
your43.
(surrounding)
don’t
change.
The
vibr
ations
of
the
engine
are
also
opening. Your brain has
almost no new information to process.
Repeating information will be44.
(ignore) eventually and your brain will enter a
low-energy state. The fact that
you
fall asleep quickly with your eyes 45. (close) on
a bus is because your brain gets used to all the
repeat.
“When
you
‘re
tired,
it
doesn’t
take
much
time
46.
(start)
nodding
off
and
we’ve
found
that
the
gentle
vibrations made by
car seats 47.
you drive can
lul
(
l
使放松)
your brain and body,”
said Stephe
n Robinson, 48.
researcher from the RMIT University in
Melbourne, Australia.
Robinson’ s team mentioned 15
volunteers’ heart rate
variability
(心率变异性)
-a well-
known indicator of
sleepiness. This
line of research can assist in the development of
practical and relevant guidelines for limiting 49.
(expose) to vibrations in
the car industry. Robinson believed that the
research could be helpful 50.
improving
road
safety.
“We
hope
that
future
car
seat
designs
can
build
in
features
to
disturb
this
lulling
effect
an
d
fight
vibration-
induced
(震动引起的)
sleepiness,”
he said.
【答案】
41. makes42. continuous / continuing /
continued / continual43. surroundings44.
ignored45. closed
46. to start47.
when/while/as48. a49. exposure50. in/for
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。通过引用生活中的经历:如果你坐过公共交通,你可
能听过打鼾声,发现
有人睡在你对面的座位上。引出了《科学警报》上的一项新研究表明
:公共汽车和地铁的自然振动使我们
感到昏昏欲睡。
41.
考查一般现在时。句意:
《科
学警报》上的一项新研究表明,公共汽车和地铁的自然振动使我们感到昏
昏欲睡。由提示
词为动词,在句子中作谓语,可知考查时态。由空格所在句子看出是陈述客观事实,故用
一般现在时,主语和谓语动词是主动关系,主语是
The
natural vibration
,第三人称单数,所以填
makes
。故
填
makes
。
42.
考查动词的词性转换。句意:为什么?
这都是关于感官输入——信息进入你的大脑。
在公交车上,你
的感官会给你连续不断的重复信息。提示词为动词,考察词性转
换,根据句意分析,空格处需要填写形容
词,
且与
repeating
并列,
修饰
information
,
所以需要把提示词变为形容词,
p>
故答案为
continuous / continuing
/ continued /
continual.
都适合。故填
continuous /
continuing / continued /
continual
。
43.
p>
考查名词复数。句意:与此同时,你静静地坐着,周围的环境没有改变。由空前的
your
可知此处要用
名词形式,又根据谓语动词
是原形,知道名词要用复数,所以答案为
surroundi
ngs
。故填
surroundings
。
44.
考查一般将来时的被动
语态。句意:重复的信息最终会被忽略。根据句意分析,句子主语(
Repeating
information
)和动词(
i
gnore
)之间是被动关系,故答案为
ignored
。故填
ignored
。
45.
考查
with
的复合结构。句意:事实上,你在公交车上闭着眼睛很快入睡是因为你
的大脑习惯了所有的
重复。根据句意分析,空格处作
eyes
的宾语补足语,故把
close
变为形容词形式,所以答案为
clo
sed
。故
填
closed
。
46.
考查不定式
结构。
句意:
当你累的时候,
很快就会
开始打瞌睡。
句中使用了固定搭配
take some time to do
sth.
,所以答案为
to
start
。故填
to
start
。
47.
考查连词。句意:我们发现汽车座椅在驾驶时产生的轻微震动,可以使你的大脑和身体放松。根据句意
分析需要填写连接词,理解为
“
当
p>
....
时候
”
,
所以答案填写
when/while/as
< br>。故填
when/while/as
。
< br>
48.
考查不定冠词。句意:
Stephen
Robinson
说,澳大利亚墨尔本
RMIT
大学
的研究员。根据句意分析,需
要填写冠词,理解为
“
一个来自
RMIT
的
研究者
”
,做
Stephen Robinson
的同位语,所以答案为
a
。故填
a
。
49.
考查动词的词性转换。句意:这一研究线可以帮助发展
实际和相关的准则,用在汽车工业行业,限制接
触振动。空格前有
limiting
形容词,故空格处填写名词,根据固定搭配
exposure
to
,暴露,遭受,故填写
exposure
。
50.
考查介词。句意:
Robin
son
相信这项研究有助于提高道路安全。根据句意分析,空格处填介词,表示
“在某方面
/
对于
..
.
来说”,故用介词
in/for<
/p>
。故填
in/for
。
< br>
(
3
)
2020
届安徽黄山市高考第一次质量检测
阅读下面材料
,
在空白处填入适当的内容
(1
个单词
)
或括号内单词的正确形式。
High on the Qinghai---Tibet
Plateau(
高原
)41.
(lie) China’s “water tower”
Sanjiangyuan.
42.
is home to the
head-
waters of China’s three
rivers. However, hu
man activities 43.
(put) this ecosystem 44.
risk in recent years.
In
2016, the Chinese government set up Sanjiangyuan
National Park in Qinghai province. With
Sanjiangyuan 45.
(take) the
lead, other regions have been chosen 46.
(carry) out projects that
together would form a national park
system. The idea 47.
a national park system should be
realized was approved by President Xi, who said,
“Building
an ecological civilization
bears great 48.
(significant) in the development and
progress of human
civiliz
ation.”
49.
(hopeful),
the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of
a 50.
(green) future.
【答案】
41. lies42.
It43. have been putting/have put44. at45. taking
46. to carry47. that48. significance49.
Hopefully50. greener
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了
中国将建立以三江源为龙头的国家公园系统及其重要意义。
41.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国的“水塔”三江源坐
落在青藏高原的高处。陈述的是客观事实,用一
般现在时,本句为完全倒装句,主语为<
/p>
China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan
,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,
故填
lies
p>
。
42.
考查
代词。句意:它是中国三条河流的源头。此处指代前面的
China’s “water
tower” Sanjiangyuan
,在句
中作主语,故
填
It
。
43.
考查时态。句意:然而,近年来人类的活动使这个生态
系统处于危险之中。根据时间状语“
in
recent
p>
years
”可知,此处用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的
影响,也可用现在完成进行时表示动作从过
去持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去,主语为
human
activities
,
谓语动词用复数形式,故填
have
been
putting/have put
。
44.
考查介词。句意同上,
at
risk
是固定搭配,表示“处于危险之中”,故填
at
。
45.
考查非
谓语动词。
句意:
以三江源为龙头,
其
他地区也被选定来开展项目,
共同形成一个国家公园系统。
此处
为“
with+
宾语
+
宾补”结构,
Sanjiangyuan
与
take
之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作
宾语补足语,故填
taking
。
< br>
46.
考查非谓语动词。句意同上,根据句意可知此
处表示目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填
to
carry
。
47.
考查同位语从句。句意:实现国家公园体系的构想得到了习主席的赞同,他说:“建设生态文明对人类
文明的发展进步具有重大意义。”此处为同位语从句,解释
id
ea
的具体内容,从句成分完整,所以用
that
仅起连接作用,无实义,故填
that
。
48.
考查名词,句意同上,作动词
bears
的宾语用名词,故填
signifi
cance
。
49.
考查副词。句意:三江源的成功有望标志着一个更加绿色的未来的开始。修饰整个句子用副词,故填<
/p>
Hopefully
。
50.
考查形容词比较级。句意同上,此处有一个隐晦的比较
意义,表示“比以前更加绿色的”,应该用形容
词比较级形式,故填
greener
。
(
4
)
2020
届广东省佛
山市高考英语模拟试题(一
)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(
1
个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
.
Are boys really better at math than
girls
?
No
,
that doesn't seem41.
(
rely
)
.
That's
according
to
new
research
by
Jessica
Cantlon
,
a
professor
and
neuroscientist
of
Carnegie
Mellon
University
,
and her colleagues. 42.
(
scientist
)
looked at young boys' and girls'
brains
,
and found
no difference
in mathematical ability.
Their new
paper
,
43.
(
publish
)
in
the journal Science of
Learning
,
suggests that society
is to
blame44. the mistaken idea that girls aren't good
at numbers.
Cantlon and her
colleagues used an MRI machine45.
(
examine
)
105 kids' brains while the kids watched
an
educational video. 46. found that
the kids' brains showed no major differences
during the experiment.
This
report47.
(
base
)
on a previous study in
2018
,
which looked at the test performance
data of 500 boys
and girls.
The 2018 paper found no difference in
their early mathematical
ability
,
48.
(
suggest
)
that boys and girls
are
equally equipped to reason about mathematics
during early childhood.
Cantlon hopes that people will stop
being so sexist
(性别歧视的)
about little girls and calculators.
(
hope
)
,
we can change
expectations of50. children can achieve in
mathematics
,
【答案】
41.
reliable42. Scientists43. published44. for45. to
examine
46. They47. is/was based48.
suggesting49. Hopefully50. what
【文章大意】这
是一篇说明文。根据卡内基梅隆大学教授、神经科学家杰西卡
?
坎特隆和她的同事们的
最新研究可知,男孩和女孩的大脑在数学能力上没有差异。他们发
表在《科学与学习》杂志上的新论文指
出,女孩不擅长数学的错误想法的罪魁祸首是社会
。
41.
考查形容词。根据空前的
系动词
seem
可知应用形容词作表语,
rely
的形容词是
reliable
,故填
reliable
。
42.
考查名词复数。句意:科学家观察了男孩和女孩的大脑
,发现他们的数学能力没有差别。
scientist
为可
p>
数名词。根据上文可知不止一位科学家在进行观察,应用名词复数形式,故填
Scientists
。
43.
考查过去分词。动词
publ
ish
与其逻辑主语
Their
new
paper
是被动关系,应用
过去分词形式作定语,故
填
published
。
44.
考查介词。句意
:认为女孩不擅长数学的错误观念应该归咎于社会。
be to blame for<
/p>
归咎于
,故填
f
or
。
45.
考查动词不定式。
句意:
坎特伦和她的同事用核磁共振仪检
查了
105
个孩子的大脑
.
use…to do sth
.
用<
/p>
…
做某事
,本句
为动词不定式做目的状语。故填
to
examine
。
46.
考查代词。根据语境可知此处指代上文的
Cantlon
and
her
colleague
s
应用第三人称复数形式
they
,故
填
They
。
47.
考查时态。句意:本报告基于
2018
年之前的一项研究。
be based on…
意为
“
以
…
为基础
”
,可以用一般现
在时表示客观情况,也可以用一般过去时表示过去的事情。主语为
This
report
。故填
is/was
based
。
48.
考查现在分词。
动词
suggest
与其逻辑主语
The 2018 paper
是主动关
系,
应用现在分词形式作状语,
故填
s
uggesting
。
49.
p>
考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的句子应用副词形式,故填
Hopefully
。
50.
考查宾语从句。根据空前的介词
of
可
知,
of
之后是宾语从句,动词
ach
ieve
缺宾语指物,应用连接代词
what
,故填
what
。
(
5
)
2020
届四川省成都市石室中学高考一模
阅读下面
短文
,
在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When
Spain hosted the FIBA Basketball World Cup in
2014, the country, 41.
ten
men who had played in the
NBA, had the
best lineup (
阵容
) in its
basketball history. However, Spain 42. (defeat) by
France in the quarterfinal.
Five years
43.
(late) with some aging
stan and just six players with NBA experience,
Spain had nothing close
to the
expectations of 2014. Maybe that helped. The
Spanish team won the gold medal.
This
success,
as
Bleacher
Reporter
put
44.
,
would
serve
to
inspire
yet
another
generation
of
hardwood
hopefuls in a country that already
ranks among the most sports-crazed in all of
Europe, 45.
, in tum, help Spain to
challenge US Supremacy
(
权威
) in
basketball.”
The US is
always among the 46.
(favour) in international basketball
events, thanks to the high level of 47.
(compete) in its
professional league. 48. the US side lost the 2019
World Cup quarterfinal to France, 49.
(mark) the
country's first
international basketball match without a gold
medal since 2006.
This is a blow to the
US. Many blamed the lack of star players for the
loss. But this may be a sign 50.
the
basketball universe is
changing. If there's one lesson to be learned from
the US's failure, it's that the other countries
had invested more this time.
【答案】
41. with
42. was defeated
43. later
44. it
45. and
46. favo(u)rites
47.
competition
48. However
49.
marking
50. that
【文章大意】
美国队在
2019
年世界杯四分之一决赛
< br>本文是说明文。
美国在国际篮球赛事中一直是最受欢迎的国家之一,
中输给法国。作者从美国的失败中可以学到一个教训——那就是其他国家这次投入了更多。
41.
考查介词。句意:
2014
年,当西班牙举办国际篮联篮球世界杯时,这个拥有
10
名曾在
NBA
打过球的
球员的国家拥有该国篮球历史上最好的阵容。
with
< br>是表示“有”,此处意为“有十人效力过
NBA
”,作定
语。故填
with
。
< br>
42.
考查时态及语态。句意:然而,西班牙在四分
之一决赛中被法国击败。本句中是表示当时被对方打败,
所以用过去时的被动语态。故填
was defeated
。
43.
考查副词。
句意:
五年之后,
只剩一些上了年纪的老粉丝,
和仅有的
6
名有
NBA
经验的球员,
这与
2014