-
选修八
Unit 1 A land of
diversity
单元要点预览
(旨在让同学整体了解本单
元要点)
词语
辨析
1. means / way
/ method
2.
percent / percentage
3.
obvious / apparent/ evident / clear
4.
hire / employ / rent
1.
elect
vt.
选举,推举;选<
/p>
election
n.
选举,推举,
elective
adj.
可
任
意
选
择
vi.
进行选举,
作出选择
当选
择的
n
.
选修科目
2.
immigrate vi.
移入
immigration
n.
移民入
境
immigrant
n.
移民,
侨民
racism n.
种族歧视,
种<
/p>
族偏见;种族主义
词形
3.
race n.
赛跑;竞争;人种
racial adj.
人种的,种
变化
v.
参赛
族的
4. apparent adj.
显然的,
明
白的,表面上的
词
汇
部
分
5.
punishment n.
罚,刑罚
apparently adv.
显然,
表面上地
punish vt.
惩罚,处罚
1. majority
n.
大多数;大半
2. applicant
n
.
申请人
重点
3. occur
vi.
发生;出现;存在
单词
4.
indicate
vt.
指出;标示;表明
5. slip
vi.
滑动;滑行;滑跤
n
.
滑倒;小过失;失误
6.
insert
vt.
插入,嵌入
1. live on
继续生活或存在
2. make a
life
习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
3. keep
up
坚持;维持;沿袭古老的风俗﹑
传统等;使某人不能去睡觉
重点
4. team up wit
h
(与某人)一起工作(尤指为一共同目标)
;合作
词组
5. mark
out
划线标出
……
界线
6. take in
包括;吸收;接纳;欺骗
7. a
great/good many
相当多,很多
重点句子
重点语法
1.
California is the third largest state in the USA
but has the largest population.
2.
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we
now know as California, no
one really
knows.
名词性从句(见语法部分)
语言要点(模块)
Ⅰ
.
词语辨析
(
旨在提供完形填空所需材料
)
1. means / way / method
【解释】
means “
方法、方式、工具
”
,着重于具体的手段。
(单复数相同)
way “
一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式
”
,与技巧或
效果的好坏无关。
method “
有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法
”
,也可以指抽象概念
p>
“
条理
”
。
短语搭配:做
……
的方法:
a way to do
sth.
/
a way of doing sth. / a
method of doing
sth.
;用
这种/些方法:
in
this way / with the method / by this means
< br>;用
……
方法,借助
……
:
by
means of...
无论如何:
by all means
;
一点也不,
决不
(
< br>用于句首句子需倒装
)
:
by
no means
;
by the
way
顺便问一下;
on one’ s way to…
p>
在去
……
的路上;
in the way
挡住路
【练
习】用
means
,
way
,
method
填空。
1). These vegetables can be cooked in
different _______.
2). Only
in this _______ can you find out the truth.
3). By this _______ I get in touch with
him.
4). We express our thoughts by
_______ of words.
5).
______ _______ _______ shall I lend him money!
6). The methods of _______
(teach) need _______ (improve).
Keys:
1). ways
2).
way
3). means
4). means
5). By no means
6).
teaching; improving / to be improved
2. percent / percentage
【解释】
percent
表示
“
百分之
……”<
/p>
,相当于
“
%
”
,其前面往往是一个具体的数字。
percentage
表示
“
百分比;百分率
”
,前面不能是具体数字,只
能被
high
,
low
等修饰。
【练习】用
per
cent
,
percentage
填空
。
1). I am a hundred
________ in agreement with you.
2).
This company only supply 30 ________ of what we
need.
3). The numbers are small, in
_________ terms, but significant.
4).
There used to be a high _________ of babies that
diet scarlet fever every year.
Keys:
1). percent
2).
percent
3). percentage
4). percentage
what percentage
3. obvious /
apparent/ evident / clear
【解释】
obvious
意为
“
某东西具有显著特点,不需费力就可觉察到
,常用于一目了然的事物
”
。
apparent
意为
“
表面看起来很明显,而实际情况未必如此
”
。
evident
意为
“<
/p>
有证据作出合理判断,考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显
”
p>
。
clear
意
为
“
不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素
”
。
【练习】用
obvious
,
apparent
< br>,
evident
,
clear
填空。
1). It was an
________ mistake for him to have gone alone.
2). The situation is ________ to
everyone.
3). It was becoming
increasingly _________ that he disliked me.
4). The applause made it _________ that
the play was a hit.
Keys:
1). obvious
2). clear
3). apparent
4). evident
4. hire /
employ / rent
【解释】
hire
是日常用语,指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西,有
“
花钱使用某物
”
和
< br>“
把某物使
用权出让给别人以收取费用
< br>”
之意;
多指临时租用某物。
如
:
hire a boat
,
a
car
,
a
camera
,
a
bicycle
,
an evening
dress
,
a hall for a meeting
p>
等,指人时,有
“
雇用
”
、
“
受雇
”
两种含
义。
employ
较正式,多指商店或公司长期雇用人手;受雇人员较广,甚至包括社会
地位较高
的职业人员,有
“
聘请
”
之义;也可以解释为
“
忙于,从事
”
常用于
be employed in sth. /
doing sth.
短语中。
注:要弄清
employ
几个名词的用法:
employee (
雇工,雇员
)
,
employer
(
户主,东家
)
,
employment (
就业,雇用
)
< br>。
rent
一般指租借房屋、
地产
(
租借出去
)
;
也有
“
花钱使用某物
”
和
“
< br>把某物使用权出让给别人
以收取费用
”
< br>之意;多指用于长时间的场合。如:
rent a
house
,
a
flat
,
a TV
等。
rent
还可作名词,意为
“
租金;租费
”
。
< br>【练习】用
hire
,
empl
oy
,
rent
填空。
1). Our house has been ________ by
a newly-married couple.
2). It’ s
impo
rtant to ________ proper words in
writing poem.
3). They _________
________ in writing when I came.
4). They ________ out boats by the
hour.
5). We ________ a
driver to take us on a tour of the city.
Keys: 1). rented
2). employ
3).
were employed
4). hire
5). hired
Ⅱ
.
词性变化
(旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1.
elect
vt.
选举,推举;选<
/p>
election
n.
选举,推举,当选
择
vi.
进行选举,
作出选择
2. immigrate vi.
移入
immigration n.
移民入境
3. race
n.
赛跑;竞争;人种
racial
adj.
人种的,种族的
v.
参赛
4. apparent adj.
显然的,
明
白的,表面上的
5.
punishment n.
罚,刑罚
apparently adv.
显然,表面上
地
punish vt.
惩罚,处罚
elective
adj.
可任意选
择的
n.
选修科目
immigrant n.
移民,侨民
racism n.
种族歧视,种族偏
见;种族主义
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). In America, presidential ________
(elect) are held every four years.
2). They deserve to ________ (punish)
for putting passengers at risk.
3). She had to tidy the classroom as
________ (punish) for being late.
4). She was the daughter of Chinese
________ (immigrate) to America.
5). There was a sudden increase
________ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.
6). He is a victim of
________ (race) discrimination.
7). She turned to face him, her anger
________ (apparent) gone.
8). Their motives, as will soon become
_______ (apparently), are
completely selfish.
Keys:
1). elections
2). be punished
3). punishment
4). immigrants
5). immigration
6). racial
7). apparently
8). apparent
p>
Ⅲ
.
重点词汇
(旨
在提供词汇综合运用所需材料)
1.
majority
n.
大多数;大半
major
adj.
&
n.
较大的,主要的;主修,专攻
p>
(
反义词
minority
少数;少数民族
)
[
典例
]
1). A / The majority of doctors agree
that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
2). The majority was/were in favour of
the proposal.
多数人赞成这个建议。
[
重点用法
]
be in the/a majority
构成大部分
p>
/
大多数
a majority over sb
超过对方的票数
2. applicant
n.
申请人
application
n.
申请
(
书
)
;应用;用途
apply
v.
申请;运用,适用
[
典例
]
1). We had 250 applicants for the job.
有
250
人申请这份工作。
2). As the wages were low, there
were few applicants for the job.
因为工资低
,
没有什麽人申请
这份工作。
[
重点用法
]
apply for...
申请
……
apply to...
适用
……
fill in the application form for sth. <
/p>
填写
……
申请表
[
练习
]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Successful _________ (apply) will
receive notification within the week.
2). This rule can’ t be
applied ________
(
介词
) every case.
3). You should ________
________(
申请
) the job
immediately, in person or by letter.
4). The question in the second half of
the form _________ ________
(
适用
) married men only.
Keys: 1). applicants
2).
to
3). apply for
4). apply to
3. occur
vi.
发生;出现;存在
[
典例
]
1). The tragedy occurred only minutes
after take-off.
这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。
2). Didn’ t it occur to you that he
might be late?
你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗
?
[
重点用法
]
occur to...
(
主意
)
浮
现于脑海中;被想到;被想起;
(某人)想到
……
4.
indicate
vt.
指出;标示;表明
indication
n.
指出;表明
indicative
adj.
指示的;暗示的
[
典例
]
1). I asked him where my sister was and
he indicated the shop opposite.
我问他握姐姐在
哪,他
指指对面的商店。
2).
Research indicates that men find it easier to give
up smoking than women.
研究表明男人感
到比女人更容易戒烟。
[
重点用法
]
indicate sth (to sb)
指示;指出;标示
indicate that/wh-
表示
……
;示意
……
[
练习
]
根据句子的意思,在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The government has ________
(
表明
) that it intends to cut
taxes.
2). A flashing red light
________ (
标示
) that a stretch
of road was undergoing repairs.
3).
There is every ________ (indicate) of a change in
the weather.
Keys: 1). indicated
2). indicated
3). indication
5. slip
vi.
滑动;滑行;滑跤
n.
滑倒;小过失;失误
slippery
adj.
滑溜的
[
典例
]
1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell.
我的脚一滑,差点跌到。
2).
She slipped into the room when no one was looking.
她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。
[
重点用法
]
let slip...
错过
……<
/p>
;无意中说出
let sth. slip
through your fingers
错过
(
机会
)
,
失去
(
机会
)
a slip
of the tongue
口误
[
练习
]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). She ________ ________
(
无意中说出
) that she was
intending to leave the company.