雅思阅读填空题解题原则

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雅思阅读填空题解题原则

在雅思阅读中，填空题是简单但却容易出错的题目，本文中， 文都国际教育就带大家一起来研究一下

雅思阅读填空题的基本考点及解题原则。

一、填空题常见题型

1. Summary

即用一段或几段的内容总结文章中 某一段、某几段、或整篇文章的主要内容。

Summary

中有 几个空出

的单词需要大家补充完整。其中前两种情况

(

一段或几段

)

考察较多，后一种情况

全篇

)

考察较少。

Summary

本身又分为两种考察形式，第一种是需要考生用原文 原词填空，如：

If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is

home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 33 as a means of supporting themselves. For

thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34 .......................... and 35........................ as a means of

sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some

were successful. The 36 ...........................people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did

not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut

consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37 ........................... In recent years, many of them have been

obliged to give up their 38 ........................ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39......................... for

their food and clothes. 40 ......................... produce is particularly expensive.

另一种情况是给出选择项，考生只 需在选项中选择正确答案即可，不需要自己填单词，如：

Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on 23........................... as the business of

moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined. Manufacturers of computers, for instance,

are able to import 24.......................... from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The

introduction of 25.......................... has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long

distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce

26 .......................... in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.

A tariffs B components C container ships D output

E employees F insurance costs G trade H freight

I fares J software K international standards.

一般认为第二种考察难度稍大。但实际做题方法与第一种类似 ，只需要大家在原文中找到应该填的单

词后，再在选项中找一个对应的就可以了。一般是 非常简单的近义词的对应或者同一词根的不同词性。

2. Sentence Completion

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完成句子。此题型相当于

summary

的简化，即考生不需要补充段落，只需要补充完整一句话 即可。所

以解题方法也与

summary

基本类似。剑

9,

剑

10

出现此题型较多，考生应该多加重视。例题如下：

(1) EPRI receives financial support from .............. .

(2) The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used………........... .

(3) The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its ............ .

3. Diagram/Table Completion

图表

/

表格 填空。用图表，表格或者流程图的方式概括某处主要信息，考生同样需要把其中的空格补充

完整。这种题型是填空题中难度最低的一个，考试时如果考生没有时间做完整篇文章，可先将此题做完，

因为它需要的解题时间少，并且取得高正确率比较容易。例题如下：

Early methods of producing flat glass

MethodAdvantagesDisadvantag es

1_______? Glass remained 2______? Slow

? 3______

Ribbon? Could produce glass sheets of varing 4______

? Non

-

stop process? Glass was 5_______

? 20 of glass rubbed away

? Machines were expensive

二、填空题解题技巧

文章开头提到，填空题难度较低。如果考生能掌握正确的解题 技巧，很多时候在不认识单词的情况下

也能找出答案来。下面我们从注意事项和解题方法 两大方面来讲解此题型。

1.

注意题干中有无告知出题段落

填空题的题干基本都是一样的，比如

summary: Complete the summary below./Complete the summary

using the list of words A-I, below.

因此很多同学做题时都不会再去读题干。

但有时候题干中会给出出题段 落，

比如剑六

Climate Change and the Inuit

中，

summary

题干就 标明了出处：

Complete the summary of paragraphs

C and D below.

这样大家可以直接去

C, D

两段寻找答案，节省了时间。所以做题前要快速浏览题干。

2.

注意题干中字数限制

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一般题干中会有

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE WORDS

的要求。

注意所填答案字数不 要超过限制。

这带来一个问题，那就是在没超字数限制的情况下答案的选择问题，即是填 一个词还是相邻的两个词。比

如，

如果原文中的相邻词汇是一个 形容词加名词，

那答案是两者都填还是只填名词呢

?

简单的修饰成分，

那在不超字 数的前提下可填可不填。

比如

Pulling strings to build pyramids

中：

they know how

to use the energy of the wind from their skills as_____.

我们定位到原文：

Harnessing the wind would not have

been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians.

答案到底是

sailors

还是

a ccomplished sailors?

因为

accom plished

仅仅是一个修饰

sailors

的形容词，所以在不超字数的情况下可填可不填。但如果两个词是一

个集合或者 专用名词，那么两者都要填。比如

Johnson’s Dictionary

中：

Having rented a garret, he took on a

number of ____, who stood at a long central desk.

我们定位到原文：

James Boswell, his biographer, described

the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’with a long desk running down the middle at

which the copying clerks would work standing up.

答案是

copying cler ks,

不能只写

clerks,

因为< /p>

copying clerks

是

一个整 体，

意思为书写员，只写

clerks

意思就不完整了。

还有一种情况，

原文中一处为

Standard English,

两

个词首字母 大写，所以是一个整体，不能挑其中一个来填，所以要么都填，要么另找答案。

3.

用首句做定位

许多

summary

的首句一般有比较明显的定位词，比如人名、数字、地名等，所以可以用首句来定位在

< br>原文大概的位置。还是上面的例子：

Climate change and the y

的首句是

If you visit the Canadian

Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home.

可以根据

Canadian < /p>

Arctic

这个大写的地名将此题定位到

C

段。

再比如剑五

Johnson’s Dictionary

中

summary

的首句是：

In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to

produce a dictionary,

可以根据

1764

定位到第四段附近。

4.

填原词

填原词是个非常重要的准则，即大家用来作为答案填写的单词必须是原文原词，不能随便 改动单复数

或者形式。比如如果考生认为某处答案为原文的

A of B,

但

A of B

超字数了，就擅自改成

B’s A,

这样的改动

是不正确的。这种情况下首选

A,

或者答案并不在此处，需要另找。或者考生认为原文答案为形容词

enviro nmental,

但这个单词放在填空的句子中语法是不正确的，擅自改动词性，变成

environment,

这样也

是 不可以的。另外抄写答案时注意不要漏掉名词复数。

5.

注意语法在此题中的重要性

因为是填空题，所以有上下文，我们可以在寻找答案之前通过 分析上下文来猜测某处答案，这里我们

就用到语法了。通过语法可以判断出很多东西，比 如词性、单复数、大致的意思等等。一般来说，填空题

最常见的词性是名词，其次是形容 词，目前为止尚未出现副词、介词等。

例题

1: Having rented a garret, he took on a number of ____, who stood at a long central desk.

通过语法，