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定语从句讲解和练习
定
语
从
句
复
习
提
纲
※定语从句三步
：
第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定
语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）
；
第三选择合适的关系词。
一，只用<
/p>
that
不用
which
的情况
1
，当先行词是
all,
little, few, much, something, everything,
anything, nothing,
none
等不
定代词时。如：
Everything that happened then was like
a nightmare.
I will tell him all that
you told me at the ball.
2
，当先行词被
only, any,
few, little, no, all, just, very
（恰好的
,
表示强调）等词修饰时。
例如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
That’s the very thing that we
can do.
3
、当先行词是序
数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例
如：
< br>The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best novel that I
have ever read.
4
、被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put
them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two
that
are still alive.
5
、主句是
There be
结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用
that
作关系
代词修饰物。例句：
There’s still a
room that is free.
6
、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We
talked about the people and the villages that we
remembered.
He asked about the
factories and workers that he had visited.
7
、当主句中有
who, which
时，而定语从句中也要用到
who
或<
/p>
which
时，为了避免
who…who
, which…which
等重叠，定语从句要用
that<
/p>
引导。例如：
Who is the
man that is standing by the door?
Which of the two cows that you keep
produces more milk?
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定语从句讲解和练习
8
、人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用
that
引导定
语从句，而
that
通常也可以省略。例
如：
He is no longer the man that he
was.
二，修饰物时只用
which
不用
that
的情况
1
，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
2
，当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao
once lived.
3
、在一个句子中有两个定语从句
，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了
that,
另一个宜用<
/p>
which
。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I
borrowed from the library which was newly open to
us.
4
、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar
which, as I have told you, will help improve your
English.
5
、先行词为
t
hat
时。例如：
The
clock is that which can tell us the
time.
钟是报时的装置。
三，修
饰人时只用
who
不用
that
的情况
1
、先行词为
one, ones,
anyone, those
指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one
who studies hard and works well.
2
、在
There be
结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词
who
指
代人。例如：
There’s a gentleman
who wants to see you.
3
、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：
I
met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon
who could speak Chinese very well.
4
、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是
t
hat,
另一个宜用
who
以避免重
复。例如：
The student that was
praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who
is very modest and
works very hard.
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用
whom
< br>。例如：
The person to whom
this letter was addressed died three years ago.
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定语从句讲解和练习
四、
way
在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为
way
< br>，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用
in
which,
that
或省略
引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用
which
或
that
引导。如
:
This is the
way (that /in which) I do such things.
比较
: Please do the experiment
in the way
（
that/which
）
I have shown you.
I
don’t like the way
（
that /in
which
）
he looks at me.
The way that/in
which/
不填
he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
The way that/
which/
不填
he explained to us
was quite simple.
What surprised me was
not what he said but _____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C.
in the way D. the way which
五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词
when, where,
why
的用法
1
、先行词为
时间名词
，可用
when
引导定语从句，
when
在定语从句中作状语；还可以
用
< br>which
或
that
引导，
which
或
that
在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较
: I still remember the day
when /on which my brother joined the
army.
（作状语）
Next
month, when you will be in your hometown, is just
around the corner.
I still remember
the days when
（
=on
which
）
we lived together.
I still remember the days which/that we
spent together.
（作宾语）
Next winter which/that you'll spend in
Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.
2
、先行词是
地点名词
，定语从句可用
where
引导，<
/p>
where
在从句中做状语；还可用
wh
ich
或
that
引导，
which/that
在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较
: This is the factory
where /in which he worked last year.
（作状语）
The
treatment will continue until the patient reaches
the point where he can walk correctly and
safely.
I think you have
got to the point where a change is needed, or you
would fail.
Government reports, legal
papers and most business letters are the main
situations where English
is used.
He's got himself into a dangerous
situation where he's likely to lose control of the
plane.
The small mountain village where
we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the
place which
is now part of Hubei.
This is the park which/that they
visited last year.
（作宾语）
Not
having
been
there
before,
he
simply
had
no
idea
about
the
place,
which
everyone
says
is
worth visiting.
※
如果定语从句分别修饰
point,
situation, part, condition
和
c
ase
等表示抽象意义的词，
常用
wh
ere
引导，意思是
“
到了某种地步
，在某种境况中
”
（前提是从句中缺少状语）。
※
“from where”
中的
where
是关系代词，可以引导定语从句。例如：
She stood near the north window, from
where she could see the whole garden. (= through
which)
He climbed up to the top of the
temple, from where he could see nothing but trees.
That’s the place from where the river
branches out.
3
、先
行词是表示原因的名词
reason
时
,
可以用
why
引导定语从句，
why
在定语从句中作
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定语从句讲解和练习
原因状语，可用
for
which<
/p>
替代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用
which
或
that
引
导。如：
The reason why / for which he didn't
attend the meeting was that he was
ill.
（作状语）
Can you
tell me the reason why (=for which) you didn’t
finish your homework?
I
don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.
（作宾语）
Have you
asked him the reason that may explain his success?
（作主语）
比较
He was late .That's
because he got up late.
He got
up late. That's why he was
late.(
表语从句
)
六、
whose
引导的定语从句
whose
引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时
，可以用
“the+
名词
+of
which”
或者
“of which the +
名词
”
代替
“whose
+
名词
”
结构。例如：
He studies in a school whose
buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on
top of a hill.
七、
as
< br>作关系代词引导的定语从句
1
、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有
the same, so
或
such
与
as
< br>相呼应
,
（
the
same …as the same
as
；
such …as …; so
…as
）
as
在定语从句中可作主语
、宾语、主语
补足语等。
as
引出的定
语从句带有比较意义，从句常常只写出比较部分，但
as
本身不
可省略。例如：
He used
such expressions as he could find in the texts.
They stayed for the night in the same
room as they had once rented.
Her
attitude to him was quite the same as it had
always been.
We will only discuss such
problems as have something to do with our own
interests.
Don't do such things as you
are not sure about.
There is no such
place as you dream of in all this world.
※
比较：
(1)Here is so
big a stone as no one can lift.
（定语从句）
It is so big a stone that no one can lift
it.
（结果状语从句）
(2)
He is such a person as everybody likes.
He is such a person that everybody
likes him.
(3) This is so touching a
story as I have read three times.
This is so touching a story that I have read it
three times.
※
注意：在
the same…
后也可用
that
引导定语从句，但含义有所
不同。
that
引出的从
句，指的是与
先行词同一的事物，而
as
引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事
物。例如：
This is the same bag
as I lost yesterday. This is the same bag that
I lost yesterday.
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定语从句讲解和练习
I live
in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore
yesterday.
2
、引导非限制性定语从句。指主句的
全部或部分内容。常译为
“
正如
……”
“
就像
……”
等，定语从句可以置于主
句之前、之中或之后。
as
后常接
ex
pect, know, report, expect,
point
out
，
say,
see
等动词的主、被动语态。
As
we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health .
(as
作宾语
)
=As is
known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .
（
as
作主语）
=It's known
to all that smoking is harmful to one's health
.
（主语从句）
或
:Smoking is harmful to
one's health , as we all know
.
（
as
作宾语）
或
: Smoking, as we all know,
is harmful to one' health.
He was a
foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
(
宾语
,
先行词是前面整个句子
)
As
is known to everybody, the moon travels round the
earth once every month.
He wasn’t
unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.
注意：
as,
which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
< br>1
）、都可以代整个主句，相当于
and
this
或
and that.
2<
/p>
）、
as
从句可放在句首，而
which
从句不能。
3
）、
as
代表前面的整个主句并在从
句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；如
果为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能
用
which.
例如：
It rained hard yesterday, which
prevented me from going to the park.
八
、
of
短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况
“one of the +
复数名词
”
这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与
定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果
“one of the+
复数名词
”
这一结
构前面带有
the/only/the only
之类的限
定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，此时从
句在意义上修饰的是
the one.
例如：
Tom is one of the boys who were late
that morning.
汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。
Tom is the (only/the only )one of the
boys who was late that morning.
汤姆是那天早上唯
一
迟到的男生。
He is the
only one of the students who has been (be) a
winner of scholarship for three years.
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