-
主语的用法
一．讲解
1.
主语（句子描述的中心）
什么可以做主语
?
名词
The book is interesting.
?
代词
He
is my friend.
?
动词不定式
To see is to believe
?
动名词
Seeing is believing
?
从句
?
What I want now
is to have a good sleep.
?
That he likes painting is known to all
his friends.
?
连接主语从句的词有：
Wh-,
how, wh-ever, that, whether
2.
主语从句和形式主语
?
(1)
主语从句
?
1.
定义
：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.
构成
：关联词
+
简单句
3.
引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
1
）从属连词
that.
< br>如
?
That he had succeeded pleased me very
much
?
2
）从属连词
whether.
如：
Whether
he
’
ll come here
isn
’
t
clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
3
）连接代词
who
，
whom
，
whose
，
what
，
which
，
whoever,
?
whatever
，
whichever
?
What she did is not yet
known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
?
4
）连接副词
where
，
when
，
how
，
why.
如：<
/p>
How
this happened is not clear to anyone.
?
When we will leave is not decided.
?
(2)
it
做形式主语
(
代替从句或不定式
)
?
1.
代替主语从句：
?
1. It + be + adj. +that
?
It is very clear that they
won
’
t come to the meeting.
?
It
is strange that you should say so.
?
2. It + be + N. + that
…
?
It is a good thing that
Xiao Wang is not late for school today.
?
3. It + be + p.p. + that
…
?
It is said that paper was
first made in China.
?
4.
It +
seems that…
?
(seemed)/ happens that
…
It seemed that he was frightened.
?
It
seems that he is older.
?
?
?
?
?
2.
代替不定式
It is +adj/n + to do
It is my duty to teach your English.
It is your fault to break
the glass.
It is very kind
of you to help me
It is
dangerous to ride a bike like that.
3.
主谓一致
(1)
几个原则
①语法形式上一致原则
Jane and I look alike.
②意义上一致原则
The crowd were running for
their lives.
③就近原则
Either your students or Mr.
Wang knows this.
（
2
）主谓
一致的类型
1
）名词作主语
①集体名词
A. family,
team, class, group, public, committee, audience
His whole
family is going to have a long journey.
The whole
family are watching TV
.
B.
people, police, cattle,
谓语动词用复数
The police are
investigating the case.
②当名词表示度量，距离，金额，
时间，书名等复数名词时，谓语动词
用单三人称。
Three years is a long time.
The Arabian Nights is well
known to us.
③以复数形式出现的名词，如
glasses, trousers, clothes, shoes,
scissors,
chopsticks
等，谓语动词通常为复数。
④
名词化的形容词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。
The
blind study in special schools.
The wounded are
being sent to hospital.
2
）其他类型的主谓一致
①
不定代词
each, every, no
修饰名词，即使以
and<
/p>
连接多个主语
时，谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl wants
a bottle of milk.
②
如果主语有
more than
one
…或
many a
…构成，谓语动词用单数
More than one student has seen the
film.
③
由
all, most, half, rest
等词修饰的主语，所指的是复数意义，
谓语动词用复数形式，反之，用单数
形式。
All of my classmates work hard.
All
of the water is polluted.
④
由
and
或
both
…
and
连接并列主语，谓
语动词通常用复数。但主
语如果指的是同一个人，同一个事物或同一个概念时，谓语动词
用
单数形式。
My father and
mother like the TV program.
The great writer
and professor is an old man.
The great
writer and the professor are friendly.
⑤
以
or, either
…
or,
neither
…
nor, not
only
…
but also
等连接<
/p>
的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据就近一致原则。
Either
you or I am going to attend the meeting.
⑥
在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
In front of
buildings stands a tree.
⑦
当主语后跟
as
well
as,
along
with,
together
with,
but,
except,
besides, including,
in addition to
等引导的词组时，谓语动词的单复
数与引导词前的主语一致。
The young teacher as well as his
students likes the song.
The room with
its
’
furniture was rented.
⑧
分数，量词作主语。分数或百分数
+
名词以及
a lot of, lots of, plenty
of, a large quantity of, half of+
名词等结构时，
谓语动词与短语中
of
后面名词的数保持一致。
Lots of damage was caused
by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth
surface is covered with water.
Three-fifths of
the workers here are women.
?
The
number of students is 520.
?
A number of books are
needed in the area.
?
⑨
由主语从句或非谓语动词作主语，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
?
Whether we will go to the park depends
on the weather
?
.
That the boy is clever is
known to all.
?
To see is to believe.
?
Learning a foreign language is not a
easy task.
二．练习
1.
主语从句
1.______ team will win the match is
still unknown.
2. _____ we
need is your help.
3. _____
he became a famous musician is known to all
4.______ surprised me most was ___ he
had become so old.
5._____ the earth
turns around the sun is known to all.
6._____she bought yesterday was quite
cheap.
7. ____is a fact that English is
being accepted as an international
language
．
8.____ comes is welcome.
9.
____ you will come is none of my business.
10
．
<
/p>
(
谁将去接他
)___________
__ is not decided.
11
．
(<
/p>
我们将在哪里举行篮球赛
)____________is
not clear
12
．
(<
/p>
哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛
)________ is not
clear so far.
13
．
(<
/p>
他能否买到飞机票
)___________
doesn’
t matter much.
14
．
<
/p>
(
我们如何去那里
)_________
______ is a question.
15
．
(<
/p>
你刚才告诉我的
)______________ was
really a surprise.
16
．
(<
/p>
他什么时候出国
)_________________ is
being discussed
17
．
(<
/p>
他为什么哭
)_________________ is
not clear.
18
．
It
is clear________________________(
他是一个乞丐
).
19
．
(<
/p>
你要请谁
)_____________ is not
important.
2.
主谓一致
1.
Each of you ______
responsible for the accident.
a. am
b.
be
c. is
d. are
2.
Each man and woman ______ the same
rights.
a. has
b. have
c. had
d.
is having
3.
Every means
______ tried but without much result.
a. has been
b. have been
c. are
d.
is
4.
There ______ in this
room.
a. are too much furniture
b.
is too many furnitures
c. are too much
furnitures
d.
is too much furniture
5.
The manager or his assistant ______
planning to go.
a. were
b. are
c.
was
d. be
6.
Not
only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of
playing basketball.
a. am
b. is
c.
are
d. was
7.
Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at
home.
a. is
b. are
c.
has
d. was
8.
Either
the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
a. attends
b. attend
c. are
attending
d. have attended
9.
______ was wrong.
a. Not the
teacher but the students
b. Both the
students and the teacher