雅思阅读机经真题The Lost City

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Thanks to modern remote-sensing techniques, a ruined city in Turkey is

slowly

revealing

itself

as

one

of

the

greatest

and

most

mysterious

cities

of the ancient world. Sally Palmer uncovers more.

A

The low granite mountain, known as Kerkencs Dag, juts from the northern

edge

of

the

C'appadocian

plain

in

Turkey.

Sprawled

over

the

mountainside

are

the

rums

of

an

enormous

city,

contained

by

crumbling

defensive

walls

seven kilometers long. Many respected archaeologists believe these are

the

remains

of

the

fabled

city

of

Plena,

the

sixth-century

BC

stronghold

of the Mcdes that the Greek historian Herodotus described in his famous

work The Histories. The short- lived city came under Median control and

only fifty years later was sacked, burned and its strong stone walls

destroyed.

B

British

archeologist

Dr

Geoffrey

Summer

has

spent

ten

years

studying

the

site. Excavating the ruins is a challenge because of the vast area they

cover. The 7 km

perimeter walls

run

around a site

covering 271 hectares.

Dr Summers quickly realised it would take far too long to excavate the

site using traditional techniques alone. So he decided to use modem

technology as well to map the entire site, both above and beneath the

surface, to locate the most interesting areas and priorities to start

digging.

C

In 1993. Dr Summers hired a special hand held balloon with a

remote-controlled

camera

attached.

He

walked

over

the

entire

site

holding

the balloon and taking photos. Then one afternoon, he rented a hot-air

balloon and floated over the site, taking yet more pictures By the end

of the 1994 season. Dr Summers and his team had a jigsaw of aerial

photographs of the whole

site. The next

stage was to

use remote sensing,

which would let them work

out

what lay

below the

intriguing outlines and

ruined walls.

to

remote

sensing

because

it

revolves

around

space,

says

Scott

Branting,

an

associated

director

of

the

project,

lie

started

working

with

Dr

Summers

in 1995.

D

The

project

used

two

remote

sensing

techniques.

The

first

is

magnetometry

which works on the principle thai magnetic fields al the surface of the

Earth are influenced by what it buried beneath. It measures localised

variations in the direction and intensity of this magnetic field.

Earth's magnetic field can vary from place to place, depending on what

happened

there

in

the

past.

says

Branting.

something

containing

iron

oxide

was

heavily

burnt,

by

natural

or

human

actions,

the

iron

particles

in

it

can

be

permanently

reoriented,

like

a

compass

needle,

to

align

with

the Earth's magnetic field present at

that point in time and space.

magnetometer detects differences in the orientations and intensities of

these iron particles from the present- day magnetic field and uses them

to produce an image of what lies below ground.

E

Kerkenes Dag lends itself particularly well to magnetometry because it

was

all

burnt

at

once

in

a

savage

fire.

In

places

the

heat

was

sufficient

to turn sandstone to glass and to melt granite. The fire was so hot that

there were strong magnetic signatures set to the Earth's magnetic field

from the time - around 547 BC - resulting in extremely clear pictures.

Furthermore, the city was never rebuilt,

confusing picture, because you have different walls from different

periods giving signatures that all go in different directions,

Branting.

a good picture of this fairly short- lived city

”

.

F

The other main sub-surface mapping technique, which is still being used

at the site, is resistivity. This technique measures the way electrical

pulses arc conducted through sub- surface soil. It's done by shooting

pulses into the ground through a thin metal probe. Different materials

have different electrical conductivity. For example, stone and mudbrick

arc

poor

conductors,

but

looser,

damp

soil

conducts

very

well.

By

walking

around the site and

taking about

four

readings per metre,

it is possible

to get a detailed idea of what is where beneath the surface. The teams

then build up pictures of walls, hearths and other remains.

lot if it has rained, because the electrical pulse can get through more

easily,

shows

up.

This

is

one

of

the

reasons

that

the

project

has

a

spring

season,

when most of the resistivity work is done. Unfortunately testing

resistivity is a lot slower than magnetometry.

site

it

would

take

about

100

years,

says

Branting.

Consequently,

the

team

is concentrating on areas where they want to clarify pictures from the

magnetometry.

G

Remote

sensing

does

not

reveal

everything

about

Kerkenes

Dag,

but

it

shows

the most interesting sub-surface areas of the site. The archaeologists

can then excavate these using traditional techniques. One surprise came

when they dug out one of the fates in the defensive walls.

observations in early seasons led us to assume that wall, such as would

be

found

at

most

other

cities

in

the

Ancient

Near

East,

says

Dr

Summers.

we

started

to

excavate

we

were

staggered

to

discover

that

the

walls

were

made

entirely

from

stone

and

that

the

gate

would

have

stood

at

least

ten metres high. After

ten years of

study, Pteria is gradually giving up

its secrets.

Question 14-18

Reading Passage2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

14. The reason why various investigative methods are introduced.

15. An example of an unexpected discovery.

16. The methods to surveyed the surface of the site from above.

17. The reason why experts want to study the site.

Question 18-25

Summary

Complete

the

following

summary

of

the

paragraphs

of

Reading

Passage,

using

no more than THREE

words from

the

Reading Passage for each

answer. Write

your answers in boxes 18-25 on your answer sheet.

Exploring the Ancient City of Pteria

The

relevant

work

was

done

ten

year

ago.

To

begin

with,

experts

took

photos

of the site from the ground and then from a distance in a 18______. To

find out what lay below the surface, they used two leading techniques.

One was magnetometer, which identifies changes in the magnetic field.

These

changes

occur

when

the

19________in

buried

structures

have

changed

direction as a result

of great heat.

They match with the magnetic field,

which is similar to a 20________.

The other one was resistivity, which uses a 21____________to fire

electrical

pulses

into

the

earth.

The

principle

is

that

building

materials

like 22_______and stone do not conduct electricity well, while

23________does this much better. Archaeologists preferred to use this

technique

during

the

24___________,

when

conditions

are

more

favourable.

Resistivity

is

mainly

being

used

to

25_________

some

images

generated

by

the magnetometer.

篇章结构：

体裁

题目

结构

说明文

消失的城市

A

段：

the fable city Pteria

城市介绍

B

段：挖掘城市废墟的重要性

C

段：科学家获取城市图片的方法和步骤

D

段：磁强计方法的工作原理

E

段：磁强计方法的运用

F

段：电阻率技术的工作原理

G

段：遥感技术的运用的发现

试题分析：

参考答案：

Version

32204

主题

遗失的城市

14

17

20

23

26

B

A

compass/compass

needle

looser damp soil

B

15

G

16

C

iron particles

mudbrick

clarify

18

hot-air balloon

19

21

24

thin metal

probe

spring season

25

22