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规则动词与不规则动词
英语中大部分都是规则
动词。规则动词都以加
-ed
词尾的方式构成过去式和过去分词
；又以加
-ing
词尾的方式构成现在分词。
< br>
现在式
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
Listen
Listened
Listened
Listening
Treat
Treated
Treated
Treating
Wish
Wished
Wished
wishing
Discuss
Discussed
Discussed
discussing
但在加
-ed
及
-ing
词尾时要注意：
1
．
若以字
母
e
结尾
:
：
去式及过去分词只需加
-d
；而现在分词则要除去
e
加上
-ing
（双
e
结尾的除外）
。
Love
→
loved
→
loving
acknowledge
→
acknowle
dged
→
acknowledging
live
→
lived
→
living
please
→
pleased
→
pleasing
2
．
“辅音
+y
< br>”结尾：过去式及过去分词应先变
y
为
< br>i
，再加
-ed
；现在分词只加
-ing
。
study
→
studied
→
studying
try
→
t
ried
→
trying
fry
→
fried
→
frying
3
．
“元音字母
+
一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者，末尾辅音字母要双写
-e<
/p>
，再加上
-ed
或
-ing
。
plan
→
planned
→
pla
nning
< br>beg
→
begged
→
begging
prefer
→
preferred
→
preferring
permit
→
permitted
→
permitting
在其他情况下都直接加<
/p>
-ed
或
-ing
：
Play
→
played
→
playing
（
虽以
y
结尾，但前面是元音字母
a
）
Pack
→<
/p>
packed
→
packing
（末尾是两个辅音字母，因此不需双写）
re
peat
→
repeated
→
repeating
（辅音字母前是两个元音字母，因此辅音字母无需
双写）
open
→
< br>opened
→
opening
（后面音节不重读，因此末尾辅音字母也不需双写）
4
．
“一个元音字母
+L
”结尾的词，英国人双写，美国人不双写：
travel<
/p>
→
travelled
→
travelling
（英）
travel
→
traveled
→
t
raveling
（美）
cance
l
→
cancelled
→
cancelling
（英）
cancel
→
canceled
→
canceling
（美）
5
．若“
L
”前面有两个元音字母，
L
则一概不双写：
r
eveal
→
revealed
→
revealing
（英、美）
appeal
→
appealed
→
appealing
< br>（英、美）
6
．另有少数特殊
的词，尽管末尾音节不重读，末尾辅音字母在英国仍然双写：
Worship
→
worshipped
→
worshipping
（英）
w
orship
→
worshiped
→
worshiping
（美）
Kidnap
→
kidnapped
→
kidnapping
（英）
kidnap
→
kidnaped
→
kidnaping
（美）
<
/p>
program
→
programmed
（英）
program
→
programed
（美国有时用此拼法）
7
．以“
X
”结尾的
词，
X
不双写：
tax
→
taxed
→
taxing
mix
→
mixed
→
mixing
在英语中，有些词在加
-ed/-ing
时，
其末尾字母需要双写。常见的有下面这些：
abet
abhor
acquit
admit
allot
ban
bar
bat
beg
blot
brag
brim
chat
chop
clap
commit
compel
confer
control
cram
crop
dam
defer
deter
dip
distil
dot
drag
drop
drum
dub
embed
emit
enrol
enthral
equip
excel
expel
fan
fit
flag
get
grin
grip
grog
gun
handicap
hem
hop
hug
hum
incur
instil
jam
jog
jot
knit
knot
lag
log
man
mar
mob
mop
mug
nag
net
nip
nod
occur
omit
outwit
pad
pat
patrol
pen
pin
pit
plan
plod
plug
pop
prop
propel
rebel
rebut
recap
refer
scan
scar
scarp
scrub
ship
shop
shred
shrug
shun
sin
sip
skid
skim
skin
spot
strip
slap
slip
slop
slot
snap
sob
strap
thin
stab
star
stem
step
stir
stop
tap
trim
stun
submit
sun
swap
tag
tan
trek
transfer
transmit
throb
tip
top
trap
slam
trip
trot
vet
wag
wrap
skip
squat
另外，下面的
词在加
-ed
和
-ing
时，在英国英语中末尾的字母要双写，而在美国英语中却不一定双
写：
Cancel
initial
Marvel
pencil
Revel
dial
kidnap
model
program
rival
equal
label
panel
quarrel
shovel
hiccup
level
pedal
refuel
shrivel
不规
则动词数目虽然有限，但大多数是常用动词，例如：
Beat
→
beat
→
beaten
give
→
gave
→<
/p>
given
become
→
became
→
become
< br>go
→
went
→
gone
begin
→
b
egan
→
begun
grow
→
grew
→
gr
own
blow
→
blew
→
blown
have
→
had
→
had
break
→
broke
→<
/p>
broken
hear
→
heard
→
heard
bring
→
brought
→
brought
hide
→
hid
→
hidden
bu
ild
→
built
→
built
hit
→
hit
→
hit
burst
→
burst
→
burst
hold
→
held
< br>→
held
buy
→
bought
→
bought
hurt
→
hurt
→
hurt
catch
→
caught
→
caught
k
eep
→
kept
→
< br>kept
choose
→
ch
ose
→
chosen
know
→
knew
→
kn
own
come
→
came
→
come
lay
→
laid
→
laid
cost
→
cost
→
cost
lead
→
led
→
led
dig
→
dug
→
dug
leave
→
left
→
left
do
→
did
→
done
len
d
→
lent
→
lent
draw
→
drew
→
drawn
let
→
let
→
let
drink
→
drank
→
drunk
lie
→
lay
→
lain
driv
e
→
drove
→
driven
lose
→
los
t
→
lost
eat
→
eat
→
eaten
make
→
made
→
made
fall
→
fell
→
fallen
mean
→
meant
→
meant
feel
→
felt
→
felt
meet
→
met
→
met
find
→
found
→
found
pay
→
paid
→
paid
fly
→
flew
→
flown
put
→
pu
t
→
put
forget
→
forgot
→
for
goten
read
→
read
→
read
forgive
→
forgave
→
for
given
ride
→
rode
→
ridden
freeze
→
froze
→
friz
en
ring
→
rang
→
rung
get
→<
/p>
got
→
got
rise
→
rose
→
risen
spiral
Tunnel
stencil
unravel
total
worship
travel
run
→
ran
→
run
say<
/p>
→
said
→
s
aid
see
→
saw
→
seen
sell
→<
/p>
sold
→
sold
< br>send
→
sent
→
sent
set
→
s
et
→
set
shake
→
shook
→
shak
en
shine
→
shone
→
shone
shoot
< br>→
shot
→
shot
show
→
showed
→
shown
shut
→
shut
→
shut
sing
→
sang
→
sung
sink
→
sa
nk
→
sunk
sit
→
sat
→
sat
sleep
→
slept
→
slept
speak
→
spoke
→
spoken
spend
→
spent
→
spent
spin
→
span
→
spun
sp
read
→
spread
→
spread
spring
→
< br>sprang
→
sprung
stand
→
stood
→
stood
steal
→
stole
→
stolen
sti
ck
→
stuck
→
< br>stuck
strike
→
s
truck
→
struck
swim
→
swam
→
swum
take
→
took
→
taken
teach
< br>→
taught
→
taught
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