大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题

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I. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,

the first

letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word

only.

1. Clear

［

1

］

and dark [

?

] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never

take the same

position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in

c

omplementary

distribution.

(P24)

2.

M

orphology

is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (P32)

3. Consonant sounds can be either voiceless or voiced, while all

v

owel

sounds are

voiced. (P16)

4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to

observe is

called the

C

ooperative

principle proposed by J. Grice. (P86

-

87)

5.

Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language

at some point

of time is called a

s

ynchronic

study of language. (P4)

6. An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming

up from the

lungs meets with any

o

bstruction

when a sound is produced. (P18)

7. XP may contain more than just X. For example, the NP

“

the boy who likes this

puppy

”

consists

of Det, N and S, with Det being the

s

pecifier

, N the head and S the complement. (P46)

9.

While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an

u

tterance

is concrete

and context

-

dependent. (P70)

11.

P

sycholinguistics

relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer

such questions

as how the human mind works when people use language. (P70)

12. A

d

iachronic

study of language is a historical study, it studies the historical

development of

language over a period of time. (P70)

13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At

the lower level,

there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large

number of

meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called

d

uality

. (P70)

14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas:

the

pharyngeal cavity, the

o

ral

cavity and the nasal cavity. (P15)

16.

S

uprasegmental

features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the

interpretation of

meaning. (P70)

18.

H

omonymy

refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are

identical in

sound or spelling, or in both. (P70)

19. The three branches of phonetics are labeled as

a

rticulatory

phonetics, auditory

phonetics and

acoustic phonetics respectively. (P15)

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21.

S

yntax

_ studies the sentence structure of language. (P70)

22. The noun

“

tear

”

and the verb

“

tear

”

are

h

omonymy

. (P70)

23.

S

peech

act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language. (P70)

24. The modern linguistics is

d

escriptive

, not prescriptive, and its investigations are

based on

authentic and mainly spoken language data. (P70)

25. Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while

p

arole

contrasted

with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual

speaker. (P70)

26. In semantic triangle, the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not

direct, and it is

mediated by

c

oncept

. (P70)

27. H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and

b

road

transcription. (P70)

28. In the cooperative principle, Grice introduced four categories of maxims. They are

maxim of

quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of

r

elation

and maxim of manner. (P70)

29.

P

ragmatics

is the study of language in use. (P70)

30.

H

istorical

linguistics studies language change or historical development of

language. (P70)

II. Directions

：

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a

T for true

or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

( T )1. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between

words and

what these words actually refer to.

( T ) 2. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no

limit to the

number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and

comprehend.

( T ) 3. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same

regional

dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.

( T ) 4. In modern linguistic studies, the spoken form of language is given more

emphasis than the

written form for a number of reasons.

( F ) 5. The compound word

“

reading

-

room

”

is the place where a person can read

books. This

indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its

components.

( T ) 6. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the

hearer knows

that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.

( T ) 7. In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a

long vowel

such as /i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.

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( T ) 8. An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern

linguists in their study

of language is that the former tended to over

-

emphasize the written form of language

and encourage

people to imitate the

“

best authors

”

for language usage.

( T ) 9. The open

-

class words include prepositions.

( T ) 10. According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and

referent, i.e.

between a word and a thing it refers to.

( T ) 11. The relationship of

“

flower

”

,