文学修辞手法

文学

/

修辞手法汇总

Allegory

:

寓言

An allegory in its most general sense is an

extended metaphor

. Allegory has been

used

widely

throughout

the

histories

of

all

forms

of

art,

largely

because

it

readily

illustrates complex ideas and concepts in ways that are comprehensible to its viewers,

readers, or listeners.

Example: Animal Farm by George Orwell, SAT 06.01 Porcupine and beaver

Alliteration

：头韵

Repeating a consonant sound in close proximity to others, or beginning several words

with

the

same

vowel

sound.

For

instance,

the

phrase

of

big

blue

berries

alliterates with the consonant b.

Allusion

：引喻

(Literary allusion, religious allusion, historical allusion…)

A

casual

reference

in

literature

to

a

person,

place,

event,

or

another

passage

of

literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in mythology,

biblical references, historical events, legends, geography, or earlier literary works.

Example: OG663 SUV line11

Analogy

：类比

Analogy is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor, which usually

concentrates

on

one

point

of

resemblance,

analogy

draws

a

parallel

between

two

unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.

Example: OG404 line67

-

73

Anecdote:

轶事

(humors Anecdote)

A short narrative account of an amusing, unusual, revealing, or interesting event.

Example: OG522 line30

-

37

Autobiography:

自传

A non

-

fictional account of a person's life

--

usually a celebrity, an important historical

figure, or a writer

--

written by that actual person.

Example: OG844 passage2

Euphemism

:

委婉

Using

a

mild

or

gentle

phrase

instead

of

a

blunt,

embarrassing,

or

painful

one.

For

instance,

saying

has

gone

to

a

better

place

is

a

euphemism

for

Figurative language:

比喻性文字

(simile, metaphor)

A deviation from what speakers of a language understand as the ordinary or standard

use of words in order to achieve some special meaning or effect. Perhaps the two most

common

figurative

devices

are

the

simile

--

a

comparison

between

two

distinctly

different

things

using

or

(

love's

like

a

red,

red

rose

--

and

the

metaphor

--

a

figure

of

speech

in

which

two

unlike

objects

are

implicitly

compared

without the use of

Flashback:

闪回

A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the

reader can witness past events

--

usually in the form of a character's memories, dreams,

narration, or even authorial commentary (such as saying,

had been a child. . . .

Hyperbole:

夸张

The

figure

of

speech,

or

trope,

called

hyperbole

is

bold

overstatement,

or

the

extravagant exaggeration of fact or of possibility. It may be used either for serious or

ironic or comic effect.

Example: OG673 lines 52

-

57

Understatement:

保守性陈述，轻描淡写

Represents something as very much less in magnitude or importance than it really is,

or is ordinarily considered to be. The effect is usually ironic.

Example: OG921 lines 49

-

53 (pretty decent)

Irony:

讽刺

In

verbal irony

, the writer's meaning or even his attitude may be different from what

he says:

e.g.1: This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.

e.g.2: We are lucky. It’s the other side on the thirteenth of December. That makes us

feel really good. (David Parks: ) Vietnam’s war

e.g.3: The virtuous, dignified bishop has four illegitimate children.

(Also see OG P606 lines 15

-

19)

Situational

irony

occurs

when

there

is

a

discrepancy

or

incongruity

between

what

appears,

or

is

believed,

to

be

the

case

and

the

real

state

of

affair.

or

What

actually

happens is the opposite of what is expected and between actions and their results, or

between appearance and reality.

e.g. SAT 08

-

10 passage2 Shakespeare

e.g. 2011

年

1

月长双

passage 1

e.g. The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry

Paradox:

矛盾

(also called oxymoron): Using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense on a

deeper

level.

Common

paradoxes

seem

to

reveal

a

deeper

truth

through

their

contradictions, such as noting that

(Also see OG P606 lines 52

-

64)

Parallelism:

平行

When the writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length. To