SAT 新版OG 解析6(整理版)

Book Test #6:

Section 1

Sample Essay - Score of 6

The power of success can be disastrous when placed in the wrong hands. Naturally, there are those who will

always choose to manipulate conditions to succeed in their own endeavors, not taking into consideration the

lives of those around them. On the other hand, there may be those who do not necessarily pursue selfish ends,

but simply do not know where to take success once it has been achieved, thus resulting in their own

self-sabotage.

Throughout history, we have seen success used wrongfully in the hands of the unworthy. Powerful leaders of

nations, kingdoms, and empires, having succeeded in gaining leadership, have then used their influence

wrongfully in achieving their own selfish (and sometimes twisted) goals. Nero, the Roman emperor who beat

his pregnant wife to death and has been suspected of instigating the great fire of Rome in an attempt to boost

his own political influence. Henry VIII of England, for whom women were beheaded for not bearing him a son,

and who is rumored to have eaten eight chickens a night while English peasants starved. The notorious

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who carried out the Spanish Inquisition. The list is endless. Even in literature,

we see the corruption and downfall of society and mankind as a whole as a result of the abuse of success in

the possession of those who do not deserve it, as seen in William Shakespeare’s tragedy of

King Lear. In the

story, societal order is replaced with chaos when there is a power shift from Lear to his evil daughters, Regan

and Goneril. This order only returns to a slight degree when virtue (in the form of Lear’s good daughter,

Cordelia) returns to England. Success is hazardous when awarded to the unvirtuous.

However, there may be those who are not necessarily evil of greedy in their pursuits, but merely do not know

how to handle success. This proves to be just more disastrous to the individual than to anyone else, since it

is the individual who will then sabotage his own success to return to his former comfort zone. Success is

meant to be grown upon, not exploited or feared.

Success, when achieved by the unworthy or inexperienced, is a most disastrous element. Success is not

about being happy at the expense of those about you

–

it is about u

sing one’s newly gained happiness to

improve the lives of others. If one reflects on the wise words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, one will never go

astray: ―To know that one person has breathed easier because you have lived

-

this is to have succeeded.‖

Section 3

1

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. A

invisible idea is represented by a visible person or artifact. If one were to insert this term into the text, the

sentence would read

swiftly toppled the monument.

figures or regimes they depict. Such symbolization in the minds of the rebels would explain their impulse to

destroy it.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. An

into the text, the sentence would read

totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument.

disapproval of the regime they would be more likely to preserve than destroy it.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. An

sentence would read

swiftly toppled the monument.

regime, but the sentence does not clearly support or explain such an interpretation.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. A

read

monument.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. A

the sentence would read

and swiftly toppled the monument.

more likely to preserve than destroy it.

2

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct.

would read

most adept sailors.

or highly skilled, sailors.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect.

the text, the sentence would read

becoming the ocean's most temperamental sailors.

probably mean that they did not behave unpredictably.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

sentence would read

ocean's most congenial sailors.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect.

sentence would read

ocean's most vulnerable sailors.

experienced sailors.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect.

the text, the sentence would read

becoming the ocean's most reclusive sailors.

solitude, reclusivity does not describe their mastery of sea travel.

3

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct.

these terms into the text, the sentence would read

bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to pilfer cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails,

screws, even car keys.

Describing how bowerbirds steal objects from homes expands on the idea that they tend to amass bright shiny

objects for their bower.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect.

these terms into the text, the sentence would read

shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to assess cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails,

screws, even car keys.

bird would enter a house simply to assess, or evaluate, the objects found in a house, without then stealing

them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to dispense cutlery,

coins, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys.

objects, it would enter a house to find objects, not get rid of them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. A

were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to disturb cutlery, coins,

thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys.

objects

, the bird wouldn’t enter a house simply to disturb the objects found there; it would want to gather

them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. A

terms into the text, the sentence would read

shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to raid cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails, screws,

even car keys.

bowerbird may enter a house to raid shiny objects, it doesn’t make sense to say that

the bird has a remedy, or cure, for amassing shiny objects.

4

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct.

conforming to socially accepted standards. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would

read

helped give her scientific works legitimacy by winning her the support of medieval church authorities.

only. . . but

extend the meaning of, the first clause. It makes sense that the support of the influential medieval church for

theologically based scientific works would provide her works with legitimacy.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect.

regard. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

Hildegard of Bingen unconcerned with her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works

prestige by winning her the support of medieval church authorities.

scientific work high social regard, then it would likely be related to theology.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

depth of meaning. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

science of Hildegard of Bingen derived from her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific

works profundity by winning her the support of medieval church authorities.

been derived from her theology, it doesn't follow that the church's support would make her work more

profound.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect.

insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

related to her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works accuracy by winning her the

support of medieval church authorities.

follow that the church's support would make her work more accurate.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect.

If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

of Bingen diminished by her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works detachment by

winning her the support of medieval church authorities.

weakened by her theology, it doesn't make sense to say that her visions or the church's support gave her

scientific works objectivity. It is more likely that such support would weaken her work's objectivity.

5

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct.

one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

it an elitist anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have perquisites rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French

nobility.

of pre- Revolutionary French nobility can appropriately be called elitist, or favoring a small, high-status group.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect.

to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

monarchical anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have tribulations rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary

French nobility.

the opponents of the research institute would criticize the institute's scholars for having tribulations, or

sufferings.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

irreproachable anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have luxuries rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French

nobility.

luxuries on its scholars.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect.

insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

reprehensible anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have afflictions rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary

French nobility.

be likely to criticize the institute's scholars for having afflictions, or sufferings. Furthermore, the

pre-Revolutionary nobility were not known for their suffering.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect.

If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read

label it a commendable anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have privileges rivaling those of

pre-Revolutionary French nobility.

not characterize it as commendable, or praiseworthy.

6

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. While the author of Passage 2 is critical of Linnaeus’ legacy, the autho

r of Passage 1

expresses appreciation of his contribution to natural history, describing it as

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not regard Linnaeus with

On the contrary, the passage expresses great respect for his significant contribution to science.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Neither author expresses any

historical role he played in the field of science.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not express

Linnaeus or for the era in which he lived.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. While Passage 1 asserts that scientists misused the system of classification, there is no

suggestion that the author feels

7

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 uses a first-person narrative voice that openly expresses the

author’s

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Specific scientific facts do not appear in either passage.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Neither writer uses

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. It is Passage 1, not Passage 2, that includes historical background information on

Linnaeus and on the role that classificatory systems have played in science.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Neither passage uses

8

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. Although the two authors judge Linnaeus’ work differently, they agree that his

classificatory system has had a great influence on the field of natural science.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 claims that Linnaeus’ system limits modern human

understanding of the natural world, but the author of Passage 1 does not mention science after the nineteenth

century.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Neither passage implies that interest in biology was declining or that Linnaeus’ work

renewed curiosity in the field.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. These passages do not discuss the classification system’s ability to resolve

disagreements within the scientific community. On the contrary, the author of Passage 2 writes about

Linnaeus' work to raise, not settle, questions regarding the validity of classification.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Neither passage refers to scientific discoveries that may have laid the foundation for

Linnaeus' famous system.

9

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author of Passage 1 argues that unlike his followers, Linnaeus probably saw his

system of classification as a tool, not the goal, of science. The author of Passage 2 does not make this

distinction.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Neither author implies that Linnaeus has not received enough recognition as a scientist.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Lines 12-17 intimate that the impact of Linnaeus' system was not entirely

advantageous, but this section of Passage 2 does not dismiss the contributions of scientists who have

integrated his work into their own.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does

Linnaeus' system has had a negative impact on

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Both authors agree th

at Linnaeus’ most notable contribution to natural history was his

system of classifying plant and animal life.

10

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. It makes sense to say that the residents of Macondo needed

accustomed to a

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. It would be illogical to call a noise emanating from a light bulb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. In this context,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. An electric generator plant may be called

not describe a noise that takes time and effort to become used to hearing.

11

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. After paying to

cheated to discover that they were only actors, not real people deserving of their sympathy.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Although each person paid two cents for admission, nothing in the passage indicates

that this charge was either excessive or the cause of their anger.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The audience was not angered by the on- screen adventures themselves, but rather by

the fact that those events had not actually occurred.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The public seemed to enjoy commiserating with characters who had fallen on hard

times. The citizens were only upset to discover that they had felt real emotion on behalf of actors who were only

pretending.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The public was not angered because the plots were

because they were untrue.

12

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. The phonograph, an early record player, intially intrigued the citizens of

were eventually disappointed to learn, however, that the device was mechanical, not magical, and therefore

lacking in the

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage indicates that phonographs required any special skill to operate.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage implies that the machines were, in fact, frequently and closely observed

by curious citizens on the street where they were sold.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Although the phonograph dampened citizens' enthusiasm for live music

they did not abandon the invention because musicians were suffering. Rather, they tired of the machines

because they eventually concluded that recorded music was inferior to live music.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage is clear that it was only after the adults of Macondo had rejected the foreign

record players that children were permitted to amuse themselves by dismantling them.

13

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The citizens found the telephone disturbing because of all the new machines that strained

people's ability to discern

thought about the natural world.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The citizens were not upset by the origin of the telephone, but by how it forced them to

reevaluate their ideas about the world.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is passage does not discuss the social implications of the telephone.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The citizens’ anxiety about the telephone was not related to their fears concerning the

village’s daily life, but to their overall understanding of reality.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage does not address the telephone’s potential effect on the job market in

Macondo.

14

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. The passage suggests that the citizens of Maconda are stuck in a cycle of

doubt and revelation.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Both the telephone and phonograph were operated with a crank, or turning handle, but

that feature is not related to the citizens’ disappointment.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. At no point in the passage does the educational value of these inventions come into

play.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The townspeople are not concerned by the fact that the film projector and phonograph

were created to entertain, and it can be argued that the light bulb and telephone are not meant for

entertainment at all.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The machines were not necessarily hard to operate, and the passage suggests that the

people were disappointed with them for other reasons.

15

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The passage mainly deals with the

Macondo and the citizen's mixed reactions to them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Although the passage implies that the

typically mingle with members of the working class, the main purpose of the passage is not to make a

statement about class relations within the town.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the passage describes new inventions, it does so in order to make a larger

point about the way they were received among the people of Macondo.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The main purpose of the passage is not to show how different people had a common

reaction to something

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage’s purpose is not to

over technology. Rather, its purpose is to explain how the people of Macondo responded to new technologies.

16

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. An admission of a lack of expertise is a disclaimer; a statement is an assertion. In the first

sentence, the author admits to a lack of certain kinds of expertise; in the second sentence, the author states

an opinion about Martha Graham's work.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. No one is invoked, or appealed to, in the first sentence, and the second sentence does

not define anything.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. In the first sentence the author admits to a lack of expertise but not in an apologetic

way; the second sentence is an assertion but not a confession.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. To say that the first sentence is a statement of authority doesn't make any sense, and

the second sentence is a statement of opinion but not a hypothesis, or a basis for experimental investigation.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The first sentence does not rebut, or challenge, anyone else's argument, and while the

second sentence is an introduction to the analysis that follows in the passage, it is not itself an analysis.

17

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The author uses the statement in discussing Graham's

physicist

earlier point about Graham's approach to line and direction in dance, which the author of the passage believes

is both mathematical and emotional.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Although the author does suggest that Graham sought to produce emotional effects

through the use of line, there is no indication that those effects were intended to be spectacular.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage suggests that, far from being estranged or alienated from nature,

Graham's use of line in choreography expressed basic, even inborn, human emotions.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage indicates that a straight line is often used in art, including dance, and is

thus not impossible to perform.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage indicates the author's belief that, rather than being found everywhere, the

straight line is almost absent in nature.

18

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. The ―world of suggestibility‖ is explicitly described as a penumbra, or shadow, ―that

evokes many ideas and emotions.‖ The phrase indicates that the meeting of two forces summons up numerous

thoughts and feelings.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author neither states nor implies that viewers should be suspicious of the effects of

a dance; in fact, the author seems to celebrate these effects.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice

(B) is incorrect. Although the author is interested in the way the artist’s design produces particular

effects, the idea of the ―world of suggestibility‖ has to do with the emotional force of these effects, not the

motives behind them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author never states that the audience is gullible or easily tricked.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The author states that the ―world of suggestibility‖ produces ―many ideas a

nd

emotions‖ in the viewer—

a direct contrast to the idea of complacent, or self-satisfied, acceptance.

19

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author makes the argument that commonly used gestures and symbols have the

power to provoke universal responses. The author suggests that, in the arena of art and dance, it is the basic

gestures of the human body that hold the most power.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author points out just the opposite

—that it is an individual’s emotions that affect

the individual gestures.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author begins by telling us that the focus of the discussion will be the emotion

Mart

ha Graham brings to her direction. The author states, ―I could not presume to analyze Martha’s sense of

design‖ and proceeds to discuss human gestures without scientific terminology.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author is emphasizing the opposite here. The author points out that the same

emotional symbols have been used throughout history and that human gesture creates a universally

understood body language.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrec

t. The author does not discuss cultural hierarchy. The author points out that ―the

individual as a personality . . . evolved from his or her life history and from the history of the human race.

20

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author believes that eye contact is expressive of a very powerful human connection,

claiming it represents

of the passage, which speaks of the power of basic human gestures such as turning the face toward or away

from another person.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author mentions rank in connection with

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the author discusses emotional symbols, nothing in the context suggests that

they are difficult to control.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author says that body language is related to personality: the absence of eye contact

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The phrase

artistically pleasing, but to ways in which it produces powerful effects.

21

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author states that the emotional symbols found in the work of medieval and

Renaissance painters

permanent.

viewers as they were to viewers in the past.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author does not discuss royal patronage of medieval and Renaissance painters. The

writer only mentions the emotional symbol of turning one's back on a royal personage.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author does not discuss whether the conception of emotional symbols by medieval

and Renaissance painters was more spontaneous than that of modern artists.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Although the author might agree that symbolism found in the work of medieval and

Renaissance painters should be cherished, the author indicates that these symbols are universal rather than

unique and are universal patterns rather than unique instances of an artistic vision.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author argues that the emotional symbols found in the work of medieval and

Renaissance painters are permanent features of artistic expression, not symbols that have evolved gradually.

Although these symbols might be subject to

that they were any less sophisticated than those used later by choreographers.

22

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct.

movements with

says that these patterns have

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect.

which makes sense in this context.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. ―Stresses‖ is not used to suggest

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Influences

—

things or people that affect a course of events

—

are not what is meant by

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The context does not discuss

23

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (

E) is correct.

immediately comprehend or understand the meaning of choreography without study.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. It does not make sense to say that spectators would

meaning of choreography.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect.

make sense in the context of the passage.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. It does not make sense to say that audience members

of choreography.

24

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. It can be inferred from the passage that the author is claiming humans have an emotional

need for privacy. The author points clearly to the choice most people make to sit at the sides of a restaurant,

a more private space than the center.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author actually suggests the opposite idea, pointing out that unlike ancient

monarchs, most people now choose privacy when it is available, sitting at the sides of a restaurant rather than

at its center.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage suggests that restaurant patrons are in need of respect from

strangers.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage indicates that those in a restaurant have an emotional need for

the approval of others.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Although people may select side tables at a restaurant because they wish relative

privacy, these tables could not offer them reclusive isolation because of the public nature of the location.

Section 6

1

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using a singular verb,

singular subject

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) has an error in subject-verb agreement. The plural verb

subject

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) contains an error in subject-verb agreement. The plural verb

subject

—

the singular pronoun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) has an error in tense sequence. Since the present perfect tense,

action, it is not consistent with the other verbs in past tense,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) involves improper subordination. The embedded clause

introduced by the conjunction

2

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing a modifying phrase (―snapping power lines‖)

to parallel the modifying phrases ―toppling small buildings‖ and ―uprooting trees‖ and thus complete the

pattern of consecutive modifying phrases established earlier in the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) results in a lack of parallelism. The expression ―power lines were snapped‖ is an independent claus

e,

not a modifying phrase like ―toppling small buildings‖ or ―uprooting trees.‖ It thus breaks the pattern of

consecutive modifying phrases (―toppling small buildings, uprooting trees, and . . .‖) established earlier in the

sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) results in a lack of parallelism. Because the expression ―power lines snapping‖ is a noun phrase, not

a modifying phrase like ―toppling small buildings‖ or ―uprooting trees,‖ it does not fit into the pattern of

consecutive modif

ying phrases (―toppling small buildings, uprooting trees, and . . .‖) established earlier in the

sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. The expression ―snapped power lines‖ is a verb phrase, not a

mod

ifying phrase like ―toppling small buildings‖ or ―uprooting trees,‖ so it disrupts the pattern of consecutive

modifying phrases (―toppling small buildings, uprooting trees, and . . .‖) established earlier in the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) results in a lack of parallelism. Because the expression ―power lines snapped‖ is an independent

clause, not a modifying phrase like ―toppling small buildings‖ or ―uprooting trees,‖ it disrupts the pattern of

consecutive modifying phrases

(―toppling small buildings, uprooting trees, and . . .‖) established earlier in the

sentence.

3

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using past tense verbs (―turned‖…‖whispered‖) to

follow the past tense verb at the start of the sentence (―entered‖).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) results in an improper sequence of verb tenses. The present tense verb ―is turning‖ improperly

follows the past tense ve

rb ―entered‖ at the beginning of the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) creates an improper sequence of verb tenses. Two present tense verbs (―turns…is whispering‖)

improperly follow ―entered,‖ the past tense verb at the beginning

of the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves the improper sequence of verb tenses. The verbs ―turns‖ and ―whispers,‖ both in present

tense, improperly follow the past tense verb, ―entered,‖ at the start of the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) results in an incorrect sequence of verb tenses. The verb phrase ―would turn and whisper‖ indicates

habitual action and improperly follows the past tense verb, ―entered,‖ in the beginning of the sentence.

4

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by removing the incorrect

comparative adjective

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) involves improper comparison. The comparative form

comparative form

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) involves an improper idiom. The phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves improper comparison. The comparative clause

than I.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) involves improper comparison. The comparative clause

5

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing a subordinate clause introduced by

―whether‖ to exp

ress what the judges were given power to determine.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) involves an improper idiom. The prepositional phrase ―about closing trials‖ is used after the verb ―to

determine,‖ where it would be more idiomatic to use a subordinate clause introduced by ―whether.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) involves noun-

pronoun disagreement. The pronouns ―he‖ and ―she‖ are both singular, so neither

properly refers to the plural ―judges.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves noun-

pronoun disagreement. The pronouns ―he‖ and ―she‖ are both singular, so neither

properly refers to the plural ―judges.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) creates redundancy. The phrase ―if they wish‖

unnecessarily repeats the information conveyed by

the word ―discretionary‖ earlier in the sentence.

6

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing a subordinate clause (

to modify the verb of the main clause, clearly describing the circumstances in which the climbers

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) involves the use of a weak passive. The absolute clause used to introduce the sentence's main

clause makes a weak use of the passive voice (

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) involves the use of a weak passive. The introductory clause uses the passive voice (

in an awkward manner.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) creates wordiness. The awkward use of the pronoun

reduced if

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) involves the use of an improper verb form. The conjunction

adjective (like

of the climbers.

7

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the redundancy of the original by using a subordinate clause introduced by

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) creates redundancy. The word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) creates redundancy. The phrase

ancient Egyptians sailed.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C ) incorrectly shifts the subject of the first clause to

clause unparallel with no clear referent for

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) results in a sentence fragment. The lack of a coherent subject leaves the first clause of the sentence

grammatically incomplete.

8

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by coordinating the two independent clauses (

1969…game

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Cho

ice (A) results in improper coordination. Two complete thoughts (

are connected by only a comma, without the word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) creates improper use of a pronoun. The plural pronoun

High School and Ross Academy.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) involves improper coordination. Two complete ideas (

by only a comma, without the word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves illogical word choice. In the context of the sentence,

phrase to introduce the second clause.

9

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other choices by using a verb form that efficiently describes one

action that happened in the past (

of Europeans.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) involves wordiness. The conjunction

easily combined into one complete thought.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. The lack of an appropriate verb form leaves the sentence

grammatically incomplete.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves improper coordination. Two complete thoughts (

developed…Europeans

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) involves wordiness and vagueness. When

from

10

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by following the introductory description

(

e proper noun it modifies,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) results in improper modification. The introductory adjective clause (

improperly to

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) creates improper modification. The opening adjective clause (

modifies

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) i

nvolves improper modifier placement. The initial adjective clause (

improperly placed next to the noun phrase

refers.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choi

ce (E) creates a sentence fragment. The initial subordinate clause (

followed by a noun phrase (

11

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other choices by using an appropriate subordinate clause to

modify the noun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) involves an ambiguous pronoun. The pronoun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) involves an ambiguous pronoun,

link the two parts of the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) involves a shift of verb tense. The main verb of the sentence,

while the verb in the clause

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) involves improper subordination. The subordinate clause introduced by

modify the noun

12

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Brand-name prescription drugs are often more familiar to consumers than generic

drugs, but the latter are not nearly as expensive as brand-name drugs.

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

The error in the sentence occurs at (D), where an improper connective

comparison word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The adverbs

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The preposition

idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The idiomatic phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

13

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

There is no error in this sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The adjectival phrase

subject of the sentence

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The word

verb.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The participle

14

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Because they painted scenes of life as ordinary people lived it, rather than scenes from

myths, many nineteenth- century American artists differed from artists of earlier times.

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

D. The error in this sentence occurs at (D), where there is an illogical comparison. The nineteenth- century

American artists differed from artists of earlier times, not from the earlier times themselves.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

A. There is no error at (A). The word ―Because‖ properly introduces a dependent clause; the plural pronoun

―they‖ properly refers to the artists mentioned later in the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

B. There is no error

at (B). The verb ―lived‖ is appropriately placed in the past tense, and the singular pronoun

―it‖ properly refers to the singular noun ―life.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

C. There is no error at (C). The phrase ―rather than‖ properly distinguis

hes scenes from myths from the scenes

mentioned previously in the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

15

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Few issues of public policy are as likely to provoke widespread interest as those

involving possible danger to the health or safety of children.

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

The error in this sentence occurs at (C), where there is a pronoun disagreement error. The singular pronoun

―that‖ refers to the plural noun ―issues.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The plural verb ―are‖ properly agrees with the plural subject ―issues.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The adjective ―likely‖ properly modifies the noun ―issues.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D), where the noun ―danger‖ properly joins with the preposition ―to ‖ to produce an

appropriate idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

16

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

There is no error in this sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The plural verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The plural pronoun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The singular pronoun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The noun

17

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

In the opinion of the lecturer, a background in the history of the Middle Ages is not a

condition necessary for the enjoyment of medieval literature.

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

The error in the sentence occurs at (C), where an improper idiom is used. The preposition

adjective

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The preposition

idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The singular noun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

18

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Driving less frequently is one way to save energy; turning off all appliances when they

are not being used is another.

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where there is a lack of parallelism. The use of ―to turn off‖ (instead

of ―turning off‖) as the subject of the second clause breaks the pattern established by the use of ―Driving‖ i

n the

first clause.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The adverb ―less‖ correctly modifies the adverb ―frequently.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The subordinating conjunction ―when‖ correc

tly introduces a dependent adverbial

clause; the plural pronoun ―they‖ agrees with the plural noun ―appliances‖; and the plural verb ―are‖ agrees

with its plural subject, ―they.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The singula

r verb ―is‖ and the singular pronoun ―another‖ both agree with the singular

subject ―to turn off all appliances.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

19

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

After Gertrude Ederle had swum the English Channel, she was celebrated as the first

woman ever to accomplish the feat.

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

The error in this sentence occurs at (A), where there is an improper verb form. The phrase

the word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The word

phrase.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

20

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

When a government agency encouraged the use of high-grade recycled office paper,

it helped increase the availability of writing paper and envelopes made from recycled paper.

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where the pronoun reference does not agree in number with its

antecedent. The plural pronoun

than to the singular noun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The subordinate conjunction

describing a specific time.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The noun

preposition

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The verbal

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

21

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Malaria, a disease which has been almost completely eradicated in the United States, is

still a threat to travelers in some foreign countries.

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

The error in the sentence occurs at (C), where there is a use of an improper idiom. The phrase

used where it would be more idiomatic to use the phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The singular verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The adverb

subject complement that renames the subject

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The preposition

The adjective

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

22

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

If I am reading the editorial correctly, the mayor is deliberately avoiding any discussion

of the tax-reform bill until after the November elections.

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

The error in this sentence

occurs at (B), where an adjective is improperly used. The adjective ―correct‖

improperly modifies the verb ―am reading.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The subordinate conjunction ―If‖ properly introduces a conditional c

lause.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The word ―avoiding‖ is properly used as part of the verb phrase ―is…avoiding,‖ while

the adjective ―any‖ properly modifies the noun ―discussion.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The preposition ―until‖ and the preposition ―after‖ are properly joined to produce an

appropriate idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

23

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

There is no error in this sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The noun

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The plural possessive pronoun

Indians.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The singular verb

antecedent,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

The preposition

phrase.

24

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provides scientists

with their primary source of information about prehistoric life.

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

The error in this sentence occurs at (A), where there is subject-verb disag

reement. The verb ―provide‖ is plural

and thus does not agree with the singular subject of the sentence, ―record.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The preposition ―with‖ combines with the verb ―provide‖ to produce an appro

priate

idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The noun ―source‖ is properly modified by the preposition ―of.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The preposition ―about‖ appropriately modifies

the noun ―information.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

25

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

The exchange between the teacher and the student promotes learning far different

from that which results when the student listens but does not participate.

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

The error in this sentence occurs at (C), where an improper connective is used. The conjunction ―as‖ is used to

indicate duration where the subordinate conjunction ―when‖ is more idiomatic.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The singular verb ―promotes‖ agrees with the singular subject ―exchange.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The phrase ―far different‖ prop

erly describes the learning promoted by an exchange

between student and teacher.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The conjunction ―but‖ is appropriately used to contrast

participate.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

26

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Studying the language and culture of a foreign country is highly recommended to the

tourist who expects to learn from his or her vacation abroad.

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

The error in the sentence occurs at (C), where there is subject-verb disagreement. The verb

and thus does not agree with its singular subject,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The gerund

subject of the sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The word

tense of the verb; it also combines with the preposition

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The infinitive

appropriate idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

27

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

For us students, concern about impending tuition hikes was even more acute than

apprehension about final exams.

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

The error in this sentence occurs at (A), where there is an improper pronoun case. The pronoun ―we‖ is the

object of the preposition ―For‖ and thus belongs in the objective case (―us‖).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The adjective ―impending‖ correctly modifies the noun phrase ―tuition hikes.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The phrase ―more acute than‖ is properly used to express a comparison.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The noun ―apprehension‖ combines with the preposition ―about‖ to produce an

appropriate idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

28

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

The jury took offense at the prosecutor's mocking tone but could deny neither the

accuracy of the charges nor the seriousness of the crime.

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

The error in the sentence occurs at (D), where an incorrect connective is used. The conjunction

with the conjunction

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

There is no error at (A). The verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The conjunction

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The noun

idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

29

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Corrected Sentence:

Available through the school’s guidance office are a job directory and a list of job

referral centers that provide information for students in need of employment.

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

The error in this sentence occurs at (A) where there is subject-verb disagreement. The singular verb

not agree with the plural subject,

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

There is no error at (B). The word

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

There is no error at (C). The noun

idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

There is no error at (D). The preposition

an appropriate idiom.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

There is an error in the sentence.

30

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. It replaces the phrase ―While usually‖ with a subject, ―I,‖ and a verb, ― have been,‖ to

create an independent clause.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is unsatisfactory because it results in a sentence fragment, omitting a subject and using the phrase

―unable to locate‖ where a verb is needed.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because it does not identify the person who had trouble locating the smell.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is unsatisfactory because it creates a sentence fragment, using an adjective phrase, ―Having been

unable,‖ instead of a subject and verb.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is unsatisfac

tory because it results in a sentence fragment, created by the use of a phrase, ―Without

being able to locate its source,‖ rather than an independent clause.

31

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. Both clauses of the sentence make proper use of a sequence of present tense verbs. By

placing

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is unsatisfactory because it results in an improper sequence of verb tenses. The past tense verb

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is unsatisfactory because the phrase

the creature’s identity and its having a burrow under the porch.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because it results in a sentence fragment, using the phrase

where the phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is unsatisfactory because the verb in the clause

or is a possible condition. The event (having a burrow) is what the writer suspects is happening now.

32

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct because the author tells of experiencing a ―familiar odor,‖ investigating its source, and

seeing a black-and-

white ―creature.‖

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is unsatisfactory because the author mentions only one unidentified animal, not all skunks.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is unsatisfactory because the author relates chronological events rather than arguing a point.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because the author does not mention those who dislike skunks or use any language

that ridicules.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is unsatisfactory because the author makes no mention of any misconception.

33

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

B. Choice (B) is correct. It combines the tw

o sentences by using a word (―but‖) that indicates contrast, and it

replaces the misplaced modifying phrase with an appropriate conditional clause (―if you get in a skunk’s way‖).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

A. Choice (A) is unsatisfactory becau

se it leaves the phrase ―getting in the way of a skunk‖ far away from the

only word (―you‖) that it can logically modify.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

C. Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because the connecting word ―consequently‖ illogically suggests

a cause-effect

relation rather than a contrast.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

D. Choice (D) is unsatisfactory because the connecting word ―then‖ suggests a time sequence rather than a

contrast and because the phrase ―to get in the way of a skunk‖ illogically suggests that the writer wants to get

in a skunk’s way.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

E. Choice (E) is unsatisfactory because it contains no connecting word to suggest contrast and because it

leaves the phrase ―Getting in a skunk’s way‖ far away from the only word (―you‖) that it can logically modify.

34

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The unpleasantness associated with confronting a skunk is wittily conveyed in the phrase

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is unsatisfactory because it creates a contradiction between the words

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because the exaggerated point of the essay

—

that a homeowner might choose to

move away instead of facing a skunk's smell

—

has already been made. Ending the essay with this sentence

would result in anticlimax.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is unsatisfactory because the writer does not discuss confronting the skunk until the second

paragraph.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is unsatisfactory because the essay needs no additional introductory statement. The present

opening sentence (

started to wonder…

35

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. The final paragraph is the writer's tongue-in-cheek reaction to the prospect of confronting

a skunk outlined in the previous paragraphs.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is unsatisfactory because the ideas presented in the final paragraph are distinct from the ideas

presented in the previous paragraph.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because the final paragraph contains no examples.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is unsatisfactory because the final paragraph does not change the reader's opinion; it only confirms

the reader's opinion that the writer is apprehensive about a skunk.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is unsatisfactory because no contradictions are explained in these two sentences.

Section 7

1

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct.

into the text, the sentence would read

an exaggerated fear of them.

missing word. Having

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect.

into the text, the sentence would read

has an exaggerated fear of them.

insects: he thinks they are fearsome.