-
Test 1
测试
1
Section 1
第一节
A:Hi
，
George! Glad
you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.
你好
,
乔治
!
很高兴你回来了。很多人打电话给你。
B:
Really?
B:
真的吗
?
A: I felt just like your secretary!
我觉得就像你的秘书
!
B:
Sorry! I went into the library this afternoon to
have a look at a newspaper and I
B:
对不起
!
今天下午我去图书馆看报纸和我
came across something really
interesting
遇到很有趣的东西
A: What? A book ?
一
:
什么
?
一本书吗
?
B:No
，
a brochure from a summer festival -
mainly Spanish music. Look
，
I've got it
B:
不
,
一个从夏天的节日
——
< br>主要是西班牙音乐小册子。看
,
我懂了
< br>
here.
在这里。
A: Spanish music? I really love the
guitar. Let's have a look. So what's this group
西班牙音乐吗
?
我真的很喜欢吉他。让我们
看看。所以这是什么组织
?Guitarrini'?
―Guitarrini‖?
B:
They're really good. They had a video Q1with all
the highlights of the festival at a
他们真
的好。他们有一个视频
Q1with
所有突出的节日
stand in the lobby to the
library
，
so I
heard them. They play fantastic instruments -
站在大厅去图书馆
,
所以我听到他们。他们奇妙
的乐器
-
drums and flutes and
old kinds of guitars. I've never heard anything
like it before.
鼓
,
长笛和旧类型的吉他。我以前从未听说过。
A:
Sounds great.
A:
听起来不错。
B: Okay. Shall we go then? Spoil
ourselves? Yes
，
let's.
B:
好的。然后我们去哪
?
宠自己
?
是的
,
让我们。
A: The only problem is
there aren't any cheap seats . . . it's all one
price. Well
，
in that
< br>唯一的问题是没有任何便宜的座位。这都是一个价格。好吧
,
在这
case we could sit right
at the front - we'd have a really good view.
情况下我们可以就坐在前面吧
——
我们有一个很好
的观点。
B:Yeah
，
though I think
that if you sit at the back You can actually hear
the whole
是的
,
但我认为
如果你坐在后面你可以听到整个
thing
better.Q2
事
better.Q2
A: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we
get there.
是的。无论如何我们可以决定。
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A: So will you fill in the form or
shall?
所以你填写表格或者吗
?
B: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill.
Address: 18 North AvenueQ3,Westsea. Do you
B:1 ' 11
。名称
:
乔治
·
奥尼尔。地址
:<
/p>
北
AvenueQ3 18
Westsea
。你
remember our new postcode? Still can't
remember it.
还记得我们新邮政编码吗
?
仍然不能记住它。
A: Just a
minute - I've got it written down here. WS6 2YHQ4.
Do you need the phone
答
:
等一下
,
我把它写下来。
WS6 2 yhq4
。你需要电话吗
too?
吗
?
B: Please. I'm really bad at numbers.
B:
谢谢。我真的不擅长数字。
A: . Q5 So
，
let's
book two tickets for Guitarrini.
答
:
。
Q5
如此
,
让我们为
Guitarrini
预订两张票。
B: Okay. If
you're sure f7.50 each is all right. How do you
feel about the singer?
B:
好的。
如果你确定
f7.50
每个都是正确的。你觉得这位歌手吗
?
A: I haven't quite decided.
But I've noticed something on the booking form
that might
我还没决定。但我发现了一些可能的预订表单
just persuade me!
说服我
!
B: What's
that then?
B:
那是什么呢
?
A: Free refreshments!
答
:
免费的点心
!
B:
Really ?
B:
真的吗
?
A: Yes
，
look
here
. Sunday 17th of June. Singer,
ticket ?6.00 includes drinksQ6 in the
<
/p>
是的
,
看这里。
6
月
17
日周日。
?
6.00
包括
drinksQ6
歌手
,
机票
garden.
花园。
B: Sounds Iike a bargain to me!
B:
对我来说
,
这听起来像便
宜货
!
A: Yes
，
let's book two
tickets for that. So, what else? I'm feeling quite
keen now!
是的
,
让我们订
两张票。所以
,
还有什么
?
现在我感觉很喜欢
!
How about
the pianistQ7 on the 22nd of June?
6
月
22
日
piani
stQ7
如何
?
B: Anna
Ventura? I've just remembered that's my evening
c1ass night.
安娜
·
文
图拉吗
?
我记得那是我晚上
c1ass
夜晚。
A: That's
okay. I‘ll just have to go on my own
-
but we can go to the Spanish dance
答
:
没关系。我只好继续我自己的
,
但我们可以去西班牙舞蹈
and guitar
concert together
，
can't we? <
/p>
和吉他音乐会在一起
,
我们不能
?
B: Yes -I'm sure Tom and
Kieran would enjoy that too. Good
heavens-
?10.50 Q8 a
< br>是的
,
我确信汤姆和基兰也会享受这样的生活。天啊
——10.50?
处置
ticket! I can see we're going to have
to go without food for the rest of the week -
we'll
票
!
我能看到我们要去没
有食物剩下的一周
——
我们会
need to book four! Q9
需要书四
!
九方
A:Wish we were students
一
look! Children
，
Students and
Senior Citizens get a
答
:
希望我们是学生一看
!
儿童
,
学生和老年人得到
50%Q10 discount on everything.
q10 50%
折扣。
B: If only!
B:
如果只
!
Section 2
第二节
Hello,and thank you for asking me to
your teachers' meeting to talk about the
你好
,
谢谢你邀请我去你的教师会议上讨论
Dinosaur Museum and to tell you a
bit about what you can do with your students
恐龙博物馆和告诉你一下你能做什么和你的学生
there.
在那里。
Well,let me give you some of the basic
information first. In regard to opening
好吧
,
让我给你的一些基本信息。关于开放
< br>
hours,we're open every day of the
week from 9.00 am to 8.00 pm except on Mondays
一周时间
,
我们每天都开放除了周一从
9.00
点到
8.00
点
when we close at 1.30 pm.
And,in fact the only day in the year when we‘re
closed is
当我们收于
1.
30
点。事实上今年唯一的一天当我们关闭
on the 25th of December .Q11&12. You
can book a guided tour for your school group
在
12
月
25
日
.Q11&12
。你可以订一个导游为你的学校
any time that we're open.
If you bring a school group to the museum,when you
arrive
任何时候
,
我们打开。
如果你把学校组织去博物馆
,
当你到来
we ask you to remain with your group in
the car park. One or more of the tour guides
我们要求你们保持与你的小组在停车场。一个或多个的导游
will welcome you there and brief you
Q13 about what the tour will be about. We do
欢迎你去那儿
,
并且简短你问题之旅将会是什么。
我们所做的
this there because our
entrance is quite small and we really haven't got
much room for
这因为我们的入口很小
,
我们真的没有太多的空间
briefing
groups in the exhibition area.
展览面积的简报组。
As far
as the amount of time you'll need goes,if you
bring a school group you should
至于你需要的时
间
,
如果你把一个学校你应该
plan on allowing a minimum of 90
minutes for the visit. This allows 15 minutes to
get
计划允许访问至少
90
分钟。
这允许
15
分钟
on and off the coach,45 minutesQ14 for
the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour
的教练
,45 minutesQ14
导游和
30
分钟后
activities.
活动。
If you're going to have lunch at the
museum you will,of course,have to allow more
如果你要吃午饭在博物馆
,
当然
< br>,
必须允许更多
time.
There are two café
s in the museum,with
seating for 80 people. If you want to eat
< br>时间。有两个咖啡馆在博物馆里
,80
人的座位。如果你
想要吃的
there you'lI need to
reserve some seating, as they can get quite crowed
at lunch time.
你将会需要保留一些座位
,<
/p>
因为他们可以在午餐时间很拥挤。
Then utside the museum at the back
there are tablesQ15, and students can bring their
然后向身外的博物馆有
tablesQ15,
< br>和学生可以把他们
own lunch and
eat it there in the open air.
自己的午餐
,
吃在露天。
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When the students come into the museum
foyer we ask them to check in their
当学生们进入博物馆大厅我们要求他们检查
backpacks with their books,lunch boxes
, etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the
背包的书籍、饭盒等
,
在进入之前在衣帽间
museum proper. I'm afraid in
the past we have had a few things gone missing
after
博物馆的。恐怕在过去我们有几件事情后消失无踪
school visits so this is a strict rule.
Also,some of the exhibits are fragile and we don't
学校访问这是一个严格的规则。此外
,
一些展品是脆弱的
,
我们也不
want them to be accidentally knocked.
But we do provide school students with
希望他们不小心敲了敲门。但是我们为学生提供
handouts with questions and quizzes on
them. Q16-18There's so much that students
< br>救济问题和测验。
Q16-18There
这么多学生<
/p>
can learn in the museum and
it‘s fun for them to hav
e something to
do. Of course!
可以在博物馆和学习很有趣有事情要做。当然
!
They‘ll need to bring something to
write with for these. We do allow students to
take
他们需要把写的东西。我们允许学生
photograph. Q16-18 For students who are
doing projects it's useful to make some
照片。
Q16-18
为学生做项目做一些有用的
kind of visual record of what
they see that they can add to their reports. And
finally,
的视觉记录他们所看到的
,
他们可以增加他们的报告。最后
,
they
should not bring anything to eat into the museum,
or drinks of any kind. There
他们不应该把任何东西
吃进博物馆
,
或任何形式的饮料。在那里
are also a few things the students
can do after the tour. In the theatre on the
ground
也有一些旅游后的学生可以做的事情。在剧院在地上
floor there are continuous screenings
of short documentaries about dinosaurs which
地板上有连续放映的短纪录片恐龙
they can see any time. Q19&20We used to
have an activity room with more
他们可以看到任
何时间。
Q19&20We
曾经有一个活动有更多的空间
interactive things like making
models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting
pictures,
互动使恐龙模型和绘画图片
,
even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but
unfortunately the room was damaged in a bad
甚至搜寻恐龙蛋
,
但是不幸的是一个坏的房间被损坏
storm recently when water
came in the roof, so that's closed at the moment.
But we do
风暴最近在屋顶水来的时候
,
这是封闭的。但我们确实
have an IT
Centre where students have access to CD ROMs with
a range of dinosaur
有一个中心
,
学生可以访问
CD
rom
的恐龙吗
games.
Q19&20 These games are a lot of fun, but they also
teach the students about
游戏。
Q19&20
这些游戏的趣味性
,
但他
们也教学生
the lives of
dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their
habitat, survived threats,
恐龙的生活
,
他们如何找到食物
,
保护它
们的栖息地
,
幸存下来的威胁
,
that kind of thing.
这一类的事情。
And . . .
I think that's all I have to tell you. Please feel
free to ask any questions if you
和。我想这就是我要告诉你的。请随意问任何问题如果你
would like to know anything else.
想知道一切。
Section 3
第三节
T: Right,
Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback
on your group's
老师
:
正确
,
桑德拉。你想看到我在你的组织的一些反馈
proposal. The one you're
submitting for the Geography society field trip
competition.
建议。你提交的地理社会实地考察竞争。
I've had a look through your proposal
and I think it's a really good choice. In fact, I
我有查看你的建议
,
我认为这是一个很
好的选择。事实上
,
我
only have a few things to say about it,
but even in an outline document like this you
只有几件事要说
,
但即使是在大纲文档这样的你
really have to be careful
to avoid typos and problems with layout in the
proposal, and
真的要小心避免拼写错误和布局问题的建议
,
和
even in
the contents page. so read it through carefully
before submitting it, okay?
即使在内容页面。所以在
提交时请仔细阅读它
,
好吗
?
S: Will do.
会做。
T: And I've made a few notes on the
proposal about things which could have been
T:
我做了一些笔记提案可能是有关的事情
better sequenced.
更好的测序。
S: Okay.
S:
好的。
T: As for the writing itself, I‘ve
annotated the proposal as and where I thought it
could
至于写作本身
,
我带注释的建议
,
我认为可以
< br>
be improved. Generally speaking, I
feel you've often used complex structures and
得到改善。一般来说
,
我感觉你经常使用复杂的
结构
long sentences for the
sake of it and as a consequence . . . although
your paragraphing
长句子为了它结果。尽管你的分段
and inclusion of sub-headings help . .
. it's quite hard to follow your train of thought
at
并包含子标题帮助。很难以理解你的思路
times. So cut them down a bit,can
vou?Q22
次了。所以砍伐
,
钩
镰枪
?
的时候
S: Really?
S:
真的吗
?
T: Yes. And don't forget simple
formatting like numbering.
T:
是的。不要忘记简单的像编号格式。
S: Didn't
I use page numbers?
我没有使用页码吗
?
T: I
didn't mean that. Look, you‘ve remembered to
include headers and footers, which
T:
我不是那个意思。看
,
你记得包括页眉和页脚
,
is good, but
listing ideas clearly is important. Q23 Number
them or use bullet points,
清单的想法是好的
,
但显然是重要的。
Q23
处数量或使用要点
,
which is even
clearer. Then you'll focus the reader on your main
points. I thought your
这是更加明显。然后你将读者关注你的要点。我还以为你
suggestion to go to the Navajo Tribal
Park was a very good idea.
建议去纳瓦霍部落公园是一个很好的主意。
S: I've always wanted to go there. My
father was a great fan of cowboy films and the
我一直想去那里。我的父亲是一个伟大的球迷和牛仔的电影
Wild West so I was subjected to seeing
all the epics, many of which were shot there.
西大荒我看到所有的史诗
,
其中许多被枪杀。<
/p>
As a consequence,Q24 it
feels very familiar to me and it's awesome both
因此
,
抓起我感觉非常熟悉
,
这真是太棒了
geographically and usually, so it's
somewhere I've always wanted to visit. Q24 The
地理上
,
通常
,
这是我一直想去参观的地方。抓起了
subsequent research I did and the
online photographs made me even keener.
后续研究我和网上的照片使我更强烈地。
T: Interesting. Right, let‘s look at
the content of your proposal now.
T:
有趣。吧
,
让我们看
看你的建议现在的内容。
S: Did you find
it comprehensive enough?
S:
你找到它全面足够了吗
?
T: Well, yes and no. You've listed
several different topics on your contents page,
but
T:
哦
,
是的
,
没有。你列出几个不同的主题内容页面
,
但是
I'm not
sure they're all relevant.
我不确定他们所有相关。
S:
No? Well, I thought that from the perspective of a
field trip, one thing I needed to
学生
:
没有
?
嗯
,
我认为从一个实地考察的角度来看
,
有一件事我需要
focus on was
the sandstone plateaux and cliffs themselves.
Q25-27 The way they
专注于砂岩高原和悬崖。
< br>Q25-27
他们
tower
up from the flat landscape is just amazing. The
fact that the surrounding softer
塔从平坦的风景是惊人的。周围的柔软的事实
rocks were eroded by wind and rain,
leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain.
岩石被风雨侵蚀
,
离开这些巨大的露头
上方的平原。
It's hardly
surprising that tourists flock to see the area.
不足为怪的是
,
游客们看到。
T: Well, yes, I‘
d
agree e with including those points . . .
< br>T:
嗯
,
是的
< br>,
我同意
e
包括那些点。
S: And then the fact that it's
been home to native American Navajos and all the
social
S:
然后它是印第安人的家园纳瓦霍人社会
history that goes with that.
The hardships they endured trying to save their
territory
与历史。他们忍受的艰难努力拯救他们的领地
from the invading settlers. Their
culture is so rich - all those wonderful stories.
从入侵的定居者。他们的文化是如此丰富
——
< br>所有这些精彩的故事。
T: Well, I
agree it's interesting, but it's not immediately
relevant to your proposal,
T:
嗯
,
我认为这很有趣
,
但它不是立即与你的建议
,
Sandra, so
at this stage, I suggest you focus on other
considerations. I think an
桑德拉
,
所以在这个阶段
,
我建议你关注
其他的考虑。我认为一个
indication of
what the students on the trip could actually do
when they get there
指示学生在旅途中可以做什么当他们到达那里
should be far more centraI, Q25-27so
that certainly needs to be included and to be
应该更
centraI
Q25-27so,
当然需要包括和是多少
expanded upon. And I'd like to see
something about the local wildlife, and vegetation
扩展。和我想看一些关于当地的野生动物和植物
too, Q25-
27not that I
imagine there‘s much to see. Presumably the
tourist invasion
太
,Q25-27not
我想象有很多。大概是旅游的入侵
hasn't helped.
没有帮助。
S: Okay, I
‘II do some work on those two areas as well. But
you're right, there's not
年代
:
好吧
,
我二
世做一些工作在这两个领域。但你是对的
,
没有
much apart from some very shallow-
rooted species. Although it's cold and snowy
除了一些非常浅根物种。尽管很冷和下雪的
there in the winter, the earth is baked
so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can't
在冬天
,
大地在夏天的太阳烤那么辛苦
,
雨水不能
penetrate. so it‘s a case of flood or
drought, really.
穿透。这是一个洪水或干
旱
,
真的。
T: So, I understand. Now, before we
look at everything in more deta
il, I‘ve
got few
师
:
所以
,
我理解。现在
,
在我们更详细地看一切之前
,
我有几个
actual questions for you. It
would be a good idea to include the answers in
your
实际问题。这将是一个好主意
,
包括在你的答案
finished proposal,
because they're missing from your draft.
完成提案
,
因为他们缺少你的草稿。
S: Fine.
史
:
好。
T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and
the spires, which was good, but what area
< br>T:
那么
,
你提到的巨石和尖顶
,
这很好
,
但
是区域
does the tribal park
cover? Do you know?
部落公园覆盖吗
?
你知道吗
?
S: 12,000
hectares,Q28 and the plain is at about 5,850
meters above sea level.
年代
:1
2000
公顷
,Q28
和平原海拔约<
/p>
5850
米。
T: Larger than I expected. Okay.
Where's the nearest accommodation? That's a
T:
比我原先想的要大。好吧。最近的住宿在哪里
?
这是一个
practical
detail that you haven't included. Have you done
any research on that?
实际的细节你还没有包括在内。你做了任何研究吗
?
S: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the
park itself, but there's an old trading post
called
学生
:
是的。没有地方
呆在公园本身
,
但是有一个古老的贸易站
Goulding quite near. AII kinds of
tours start from Goulding, too.
高尔丁很近了。各类型的旅游从高尔丁。
T: What kind of tours?
师
:
什么样的旅游
?
S: Well,the most popular are in four-
wheel drive jeeps - but I wouldn't recommend
S:
嗯
,
最受欢迎的是四
轮驱动吉普车
,
但我不推荐
hiring those. I think the best way to
appreciate the area would be to hire horsesQ29
雇佣那些。我认为最好的方式去欣赏这个地区会雇佣
horsesQ2
9
instead and trek around on those.
Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drive
相反
,
跋涉在这些。骑自行车是不允许
的
,
是不可能的
around the area in private vehicles.
The tracks are too rough.
在该地区私人车辆。跟踪太粗糙。
T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth
visiting there?
T:
好吧
< br>,
最后
,
还有什么值得参观吗<
/p>
?
S: There are several caves,
but I haven‘t looked into any details. I'II find
out about
史
:
有几个洞穴
,
但是我还没有考虑任何细节。我会找
出
them.
他们。
T: Okay,
good. Now what I'd like to know is . . .
T:
好
,
很好。现在我想知道的是
。
Section 4
第四节
So, welcome
to your introductory geography lecture. We‘ll
begin with some basics.
所以
,
欢迎你介绍地理课。我们将开始一些基础知识。
< br>
Firstly what do we learn by
studying geography?
首先我们通过学习地理学习什么
?
Well, we learn a great deal about all
the processes that have affected and that continue
我们学到很多关于影响所有进程
,
继续
to affect the earth's
surfaceQ31. But we learn far more than that,
because studying
影响地球的
surfac
eQ31
。但是我们学习远远超过
,
因
为学习
geography also informs
us about the different kinds of relationships that
develop
地理位置还告诉我们关于不同种类的关系
,<
/p>
发展
between a
particular environments Q32and the people that
live there.
特定环境之间
Q32and
的人住在那里。
Okay. We like
to think of geography as having two main branches.
There's the study
好吧。我们喜欢认为地理是有两个主要分支。有研究
of the nature of our planet - its
physical features, what it actually looks like -
and then
地球的本质
——
它
的物理特性
,
它实际上是什么样子
,<
/p>
然后
there's the
study of the ways in which we choose to live and
of the impact Q33of
有研究的方法中
,
我们选择生活和
Q33of
的影响
those on our planet. Our
current use of carbon fuels is a good example of
that.
这些在我们的星球上。我们当前使用碳燃料是一个很好的例子。
But there are more specific study areas
to consider too, and we‘ll be looking at
each
但也有更具体的研究领域来考虑
,
我们会看
of these
in turn throughout this semester. These include
bio-physical geography, by
这些反过来在这个学期。这些包括生物物理学地理、
which 1 mean the study of the natural
environment and all its living things. Then
1
的意思是研究自然环境和所有的生物。然后
there's topography- that looks at the
shapes of the land and oceans. There's the study <
/p>
的地形
,
看着陆地和海洋的形状。有研究
of political geography and
social geography too, of course, which is the
study of
政治地理和社会地理
,
当然
,
这是研究
communities of people. We have economic
geography - in which we examine all
社区的
人。我们有经济地理
-
我们检查所有
kinds of resources and their use -
agriculture, for example. Next comes historical
种资源及其使用
——
农业
< br>,
例如。接下来是历史
geography - the understanding of how
people and their environments and the ways
地理的了解人们是如何和他们的环境和方式
they interact have changed over a
period of time -and urbanQ34 geography, an aspect
相互作用改变了在一段时间内
——
ur
banQ34
地理、一个方面
I'm
particularly interested in, which takes as its
focus the location of cities, the
我特别感兴
趣
,
它需要作为其重点城市的位置
,
services that those cities provide, and
migration of people to and from such cities. And <
/p>
这些城市提供的服务
,
和迁移的人从这些
城市。和
lastly, we have
cartography. That's the art and science of map-
making. You'll be doing
最后
,<
/p>
我们有制图。这是地图的艺术和科学。你会做
a lot of that!
很多
!
So, to
summarize before we continue, we now have our key
answer . . . studying this
所以
,
总结在我们继续之前
,
我们现在有
关键答案。研究这个
subject is
important because without geographical knowledge,
we would know very
主题是很重要的
,<
/p>
因为如果没有地理知识
,
我们就会知道<
/p>
little about our
surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify
all the problemsQ35
对我们的环境
,<
/p>
我们不能识别所有
problemsQ35
that relate to them. so, by definition,
we wouldn't be in an informed position to work
与他们。因此
,
根据定义
,
我们不会在一个通知工作
out how to solve any of them.
如何解决其中任何一个。
Okay,
now for some practicalities. What do geographers
actually do? Well, we collect
好的
,
现在一些实用性。地理学家做什么
?
嗯
,
我们收集
data to begin with! You‘ll be doing a
lot of that
on your first field trip!
How do we do
数据开始
!
你会做很多的第一次实地考察
!
我们如何做
< br>
this? There are several means. We
might, for example, conduct a census - count a
这个吗
?
有几个意思。例如
< br>,
我们可能会进行一次人口普查
,
计数
population in a given
area perhaps. We also need image Q36 of the
earth's surface
人口可能在给定的区域。我们还需要形象
Q36
地球表面的
which we can produce by means of
computer-generation technology or with the help
我们可以通过代计算机技术或帮助
of satellite relays. We've come a very
long way from the early exploration of the
卫星接力。我们已经走过了一段很长的路从早期的探索
world by sailing ships when geographers
only had pens and paper at their disposal.
世界帆船在地理学家手头只有笔和纸。
After we've gathered our information,
we must analyse it! We need to look for
我们收集信息之后
,
我们必须分析它
!
我们需要寻找
pattern,Q37 most commonly those of
causes and consequences. This kind of
模
式
,
地区最常见的原因和后果。这种类型的
information helps us to predict and
resolve problems that could affect the world we
信息可以帮助我们预测和解决问题
,
可能会
影响我们的世界
live in.
住在。
But we don't
keep all this information confidential. We then
need to publish our
但是我们没有所有这些信息保密。然后我们需要发布
findings so that other people can
access it and be informed by it . And one way in <
/p>
发现
,
这样其他人可以访问和被告知。和
一个方法
which this information
can be published is in the form of maps. You'll
all have used
这个信息可以在地图的形式出版。你都有使用
one at some stage of your life already.
Let's consider the benefits of maps from a
你的生活已经在某个阶段之一。让我们考虑地图的好处
geographer's perspective.
地理学家的角度来看。
Maps
can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide
a great store of reference
地图可以折叠
,
放在口袋里
,
可以提供一
个伟大的存储的参考
when they're
collected into an atlas. They can depict the
physical features of the entire
当他们收集到阿特拉斯。他们可以描述整个的物理特性
planet if necessary, or, just a small
part of it in much greater detail. But there is a
地球上如果有必要
,
或者
,
只是一小部分非常多的细节。但有一个
drawback. You can't exactly replicate
something that is three-dimensional, like our
缺点。你不能完全复制是三维的东西
,
像我们一
样
planet, on a map at piece
of paper, because paper has only two dimensions,
and that
地图上的行星
,
在
一张纸
,
因为纸只有两个维度
,
means there‘ll always be a certain
degree of distortionQ38 a map. It can't be
avoided.
意味着永远是一定程度的
< br>distortionQ38
地图。它不能被避免。
We can also use aerial photographs . .
. pictures taken by cameras at high altitude
我们还可以使用空中拍摄的照片。照片拍摄的相机在高海拔
above the earth. These are great for
showing all kinds of geographical features that
are
在地球之上。这些都是很好的展示各种各样的地理特征
not easy to see from the ground. You
can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or
不容易看到从地面。你可以很容易地说明患病的树木或领域
how much traffic Q39 is on the roads at
a given time or information about deep sea
路上有多少交通
Q39
在给定的时间或深海的信息吗<
/p>
beds, for example.
例如
,
床。
Then there are Landsats. These are
satellites that circle the earth and transmit
visual
还有该。这些卫星绕地球和传输视觉
information to computers at receiving
stations. They circle the earth several times a
信息计算机接收电台。他们绕地球几次
day and can provide a mass of
information
–
you‘ll all be familiar with
the
天
,
可以提供大量的信息
——
你都熟悉
information they give us about the
weatherQ40 for example.
他们给我们的信息对
weatherQ40
为例。
So, what we're going to do now is look
at a short presentation in which you'II see all
所以
,
现在我们要做的是看看你
'II
看到所有的一个简短的发言
these tools.
这些工具。
. .
剑
8 Test 2 Section 1
< br>剑
8
测试
2
节
1
JUDY: Good morning.
Total Insurance. Judy speaking, how may I help
you?
朱迪
:
早上好。总保险。朱
迪说
,
我能帮你吗
?
MICHAEL: I recently shipped my
belongings from overseas back here to Australia
迈克尔
:
我最近我的物品从海外回到这里运
往澳大利亚
and I took out
insurance with your company. Some items were
damaged during the
我拿出与贵公司保险。一些物品在受损
move so I need to make a claim. What do
I have to do?
所以我需要索赔。我必须做什么
?
JUDY: Okay, well first I need to get a
few details about this. Can you give me your
朱迪
:
好吧
,
首先我需要一些细节。你能给我你的吗
name
please?
的名字吗
?
MICHAEL:
Yes. It‘s Michael
Alexander.
迈克尔
:
是的。这是迈克尔
·
亚历山大。
JUDY: Okay. And your address
please?
朱迪
:
好吧。和你的
地址吗
?
MICHAEL:My old address
or my current one?
迈克尔
:
我的旧地址或者我现在
?
JUDY: You
current one.
朱蒂
:
你
当前的一个。
MICHAEL: It‘s 24
Manly street, Milperra near Sydney.
迈克尔
:24
岁男子气概的街
,
悉尼附近的
Milperra
。
JUDY: What was the
suburb, sorry?
朱蒂
:
什么是郊区
,
对不起
?
MICHAEL: Milperra. M-I-L-P-E-R-R-A.
迈克尔
:Milperra
。
M-I-L-P-E-R-R-A
。
JUDY: Right. Now, who was the shipping
agent Mr Alexander?
朱蒂
:
对的。现在
,
亚历山大船运代理是谁
?
MICHAEL: You mean the company we
used?
迈克尔
:
你的意思是我们
公司使用
?
JUDY: Yes, the company
who packed everything up at the point of origin. <
/p>
朱蒂
:
是的
,<
/p>
公司一切的起源。
MICHAEL:
Oh, it was...er... First Class Movers.
迈克尔
:
哦
,
这是
……
呃
……
一流的搬家公司。
JUDY: Okay...
where were the goods shipped from?
朱迪
:
好吧
…
的货物在
哪里
?
MICHAEL: China, but the
ship came via Singapore and was there for about a
week.
迈克尔
:
通过新加坡和中
国
,
但这艘船在那里大约一个星期。
JUDY: Don‘t worry, all of that
information will be in the documentation.
Now,
朱迪
:
别担心
,
所有的信息将在文档中。现在
,
the dates. Do you know when the
ship arrived?
的日期。你知道当船到达吗
?
MICHAEL: It left on the 11th of October
and got to Sydney on the 28th of November.
迈克尔
:
它离开
10
月
11
日
,
悉尼
11
月
28
日。
JUDY: Okay. I need
one more thing. There‘s a reference number. It
should be in
朱迪
:<
/p>
好吧。我需要一件事。有一个参考号码。它应该在
the top right-hand corner of the pink
form they gave you.
粉红色的右上角形成他们给你。
MICHAEL: Let me have a look. I have so
many papers. Yes, here it is . It‘s 601
ACK.
迈克尔
:
< br>让我看一看。我有很多论文。是的
,
在这儿。
601 ACK
。
Thanks.
谢谢。
JUDY: Thanks.
朱蒂
:
谢谢。
.......................................
..................................................
..................................................
.......................................
..................................................
..................................................
...................
...................
JUDY: I
need to take down a few details of the actual
damage over the phone before
朱迪
< br>:
我需要一些细节的实际损害之前通过电话
you put in a full report. Can you tell
me how many items were damaged and what the
你把完整的报告。你能告诉我有多少物品损坏的什么
damage was?
损坏是吗
?
MICHAEL: Yes, well four things
actually. I‘ll start with the big things. My TV
first of
迈克尔
:
是的
,
实际上四件事。我将从大事情。首先我的
电视
all. It‘s large one...
very expensive.
所有人。这是大
…
非常昂贵。
JUDY: Our insurance doesn‘t cover
electrical prob
lems.
朱蒂
:
我们的保险不包括电气问题。
MICHAEL: It isn‘t an electrical
problem. The screen has a huge crack in it so
it‘s
迈克尔
:
< br>它不是一个电气问题。屏幕上有一个巨大的裂缝的
unusable.
无法使用。
JUDY: I see. Any idea of the price to
repair it?
朱蒂
:
我知道
了。知道价格来修复它吗
?
MICHAEL: No.
Well, I don‘t think it can
be repaired.
It will need a new one.
迈克尔
:
没有。嗯
,
我不认为它可以修理。它将
需要一个新的。
JUDY: Okay. I‘ll
make a note of that and we‘ll see what we can do.
Now, what
朱迪
:
好吧。我会记下的
,
我们会看看我们能做什么。
现在
,
was the second item?
第二项吗
?
MICHAEL:
The cabinet from the bathroom was damaged as
well. It‘s a lovely cabinet,
迈克尔
:
内阁从浴室里被损坏。这是一
个可爱的内阁
,
we use it to keep
our towels in.
我们用它来保持我们的毛巾。
JUDY: And what is the extent of the
damage?
朱迪
:
损害的程度是
什么
?
MICHAEL: Well, the back
and the sides seem okay but the door has a huge
hole in it.
迈克尔
:
嗯
,
背部和两侧看起来好但门口有一个大洞。
It can‘t be repaired. I‘m really not
very happy about it.
它不能被修复。我真的不是很开心。
JUDY: And how much do you think it will
cost to replace it?
朱迪
,
你认为它会花多少钱来代替它吗
?
MICHAEL: Well, when I bought it last
year I paid $$125 for it. But the one I‘ve
seen
迈克尔
:
< br>嗯
,
当我去年我花了
125
美元买下了它。但我看过
here in
Sydney is a bit more expensive. , it‘s
$$140.
在悉尼有点更昂贵。
,<
/p>
这是
140
美元。
JUDY: Right, and what was the third
item?
朱蒂
:
对的
,
第三项是什么
?
MICHAEL: My dining room table. It‘s a
lovely table from Indonesia. It must
have
迈克尔
:
< br>我的餐桌。这是一个可爱的表来自印尼。它必须有
been very hot inside the container
because one leg has completely split down the
容器内很热
,
因为一条腿完全分裂了
middle. The top and the other
three look okay thank goodness.
中间。顶部和其
他三个看起来好
,
谢天谢地。
JUDY: Any idea of the price to repair
it?
朱迪
:
知道的价格来修复它吗
?
MICHAEL: Well, I had an
estimate done on this actually because it is a
very special
迈克尔
:
嗯
,
实际上我做了估计
,
因为它是一个非常特别的东西
table to
us. They quoted us $$200, which is really pricey so
I hope the insurance will
表给我们。他们引用了
200
美元
,
这是昂
贵的所以我希望保险
cover the total
cost.
覆盖的总成本。
JUDY: I‘m sure
that will be
fine. What was the last item, Mr Alexander?
朱迪
:
我相信会没事的。最后一项是什么
,
亚历山大
?
MICHAEL: Well, we have a lovely set of
china plates and dishes, you know, with
迈克尔
:
嗯
,
我们有一个可爱的中国盘子和碗
,
你知道的
< br>,
matching cups, saucers, the lot.
They were all in the one box which must have got <
/p>
匹配的杯子
,
碟子
,
很多。他们都在肯定有我的一个盒子
dropped because some plates were broken
---six actually.
因为一些盘子坏了
——<
/p>
实际上英尺六英寸下降。
JUDY:
And can you tell me the replacement value of
these?
朱蒂
:
你能告诉我这些
的替换值吗
?
MICHAEL: Well, it‘s
hard to say because they were part of a
set
but they can be up to
迈克
尔
:
嗯
,
这很
难说
,
因为他们一组的一部分
,
但它们可以
$$10 each as
it‘s such a good set.
每个
10
美元的这么好的。
JUDY: Okay, so that would be around $$60
altogether?
朱迪
:
好了
,
这就是约
60
美元
?
MICHAEL: Yes, that‘s
right.
迈克尔
:
是的
,
没错。
JUDY: And is that all of the items?
朱迪
:
是所有的物品吗
?
MICHAEL: Yes. So what do I have to
do now?
迈克尔
:
是的。所以
我现在要做什么
?
剑
8 Test
2 Section 2
剑
8
测试<
/p>
2
节
2
Welcome to Green V
ale
Agricultural Park. As you know, we have only been
open a
欢迎来到绿色淡水河谷农业公园。如你所知
,<
/p>
我们只有被打开
week so
you are amongst our first visitors. We have lots
of fascinating indoor and
上周你在我们的第一个客人。我们有很多迷人的室内
outdoor exhibits on our huge complex,
spreading hundreds of hectares. Our remit is to
户外展览我们的巨大复杂
,
传播数百公顷。
我们的职责是
give educational
opportunities to the wider public as well as to
offer research sites for
给公众教育机会以及提供研究网站
a
wide variety of agriculturists and other
scientists.
各种各样的农民和其他科学家。
Let's start by seeing what there is to
do. As you can see, here, on our giant wall plan,
让我们开始看到有做什么。正如你所看到的
,
< br>在这里
,
在我们巨大的墙计划
,
we are now situated in the reception
blcok, here, as you walk out of the main door
我们现在位于接待
blcok,
在这里
,
当你走出大门
into the park, there is a path you can
follow. If you follow this route you will
< br>进入公园
,
有路可以走。如果你遵循这条路线
immediately come into the rare
breeds section, where we keep a wide variety of
立即进入稀有品种部分
,
我们保持各种各样
的
animals which I shall be
telling you a little more about later. Next to
this, moving east
动物我将稍后告诉你一下。旁边
,
东移动
is the
large grazing area, for the rare breeds. Then,
further east, in the largest section
是大
放牧区域
,
稀有品种。然后
,
再往东
,
在最大的部分
of our park, is the Forest Area. South
of the grazing area and in fact just next to the <
/p>
我们的公园
,
森林面积。南部的放牧区域
实际上只是旁边
reception block is
our experimental crop area. In the middle of the
park, this circular
接待块实验作物面积。中间的公园
,
这个循环
area
is our lake. These two small rectangular shapes,
here, are the Fish Farms where
区域是我们的湖。
这两个小矩形形状
,
这里的渔场
we rear fish for sell. To the east of
those is the marsh area, which attracts a great
many
我们后面的鱼卖。东的沼泽地区
,
< br>这吸引了许多
migrant birds. And
in the South Eastern Corner, beyond the marsh, is
our Market
候鸟。南部和东部的角落
,
超出了沼泽
,
是我们的市场
Garden area, growing vegetables and
flowers.
花园区
,
种植蔬菜
和鲜花。
.......................
..................................................
..................................................
................
......................
..................................................
..................................................
.................
...................
...................
All
these areas can be visited by the general public
for almost all the
所有这些领域可以访问几乎所有的公众
year...although... please take note of
the large signs at the entrance to each area which
年
…
虽然
…<
/p>
请注意每个区域的入口处大迹象
tell... which tell you when certain
areas are being used for particular controlled
告诉
……
时告诉你某些地区被用于特定的控制
experiments and are
therefore temporarily out of bounds to the public.
实验
,
因此暂时禁止入内的。
You can see for yourself what a
huge area the park covers and a key question is
你可以看到一个巨大的区域公园占地和一个关键的问题是
always, how can we move around? Well
you have a choice of means... All
总是这样<
/p>
,
我们如何移动
?
你有一个选择就意味着
……
所有
environmentally friendly... cars are
banned in the park. We have bicycles which you
环保
……
汽车是禁止在公园里。我们有你的自
行车
can hire behind the
Reception block...here... the healthy ones of you
can go on foot
可以雇佣在接待块
…
这里
…
你可以步行的健康的
and finally there‘s our electric
tram, powered from solar cells. You find
more
最后是我们的电动有轨电车
,
从太阳能电池供电。你找到更多的
information about this at the front
entrance.
在门口的信息。
A good place to start on your tour is
the Rare Breeds section. We keep goats, sheep
一个很好的开始你的旅游是稀有品种部分。我们把山羊、绵羊
and hens and other kinds of poultry. We
are also thinking of bringing in cows and
鸡和其他家禽。我们也想引进牛和
horses but we do not, as yet, have
facilities for these bigger animals. The animals
are
马
,
但我们不这样做
,
到目前为止
,
已经为
这些大动物设施。这些动物
fed in public
twice a day and a short lecture given on their
feeding habits and
美联储在公众一天两次和短的喂养习惯和讲座
nutritional needs. These are very
popular with the public but of course we
mustn‘t
营养需求。这些都是非常受欢迎的与公众当然我们不能
lose sight of the main purpose of
having this section, not as such to preserve rare
忽略的主要目的在这一节中
,
没有这样
的保护罕见
animals but to
maintain the diversity of breeds to broaden the
gene pool for
动物
,
但保持品种的多样性
,
扩大基因库
agricultural development. Green Vale
changes with the seasons with different events
农业发展。绿色淡水河谷随着季节的变化与不同的事件
happening at different times of the
year. May will be perhaps our most spectacular
发生在不同的时间。可能将我们最壮观吗
month with the arrival of the Canada
geese and when our fruit trees will be in full
月的到来加拿大鹅和当我们的果树
blossom, but there are interesting
events on all year round... for example John
Havers,
开花
,
但一年到头都
有有趣的事件
……
例如约翰说废话
,
our expert fly fisherman, is currently
giving displays on the lake. Each of the sections
我们的专家飞渔夫
,
目前显示在湖上。
每一个部分
has its own seasonal
calendar... please consult the summary board at
the main entrance.
有自己的季节性日历
…
请查阅总结董事会的主要入口处。
And the final section, as we return to
the Reception blocks, is the orchard.
最
后一节
,
我们回到接待块
,
是果园。
Do take time to
browse round our shop... there is a wide selection
of books on wildlife,
花时间来浏览圆我们的商店
…
有一个广泛的选择关于野生动物的书
,
some of them written by local authors,
and the history of farming, including organic
其中一些当地的作者写的
,
和农业的历史
,
包括有机食品
farming, something which the park will
be diversifying into in the coming months.
农业
,
一些公园将被分散到未来几个月。
剑
8 Test 2 Section 3
剑
3
8
测试
2
部分
PROFESSOR: Good morning everyone. In
today‘s seminar, Grant Freeman, a
教授
:
大家早上好。在今天的研讨会
,
格兰特
·
弗里曼
,a
biologist who specialises in
identifying insects, and who works for the
Australian
生物学家专注于识别昆虫
,
在澳大利亚工作
Quarantine
Service, has come to talk to us about his current
research work. Right,
检疫服务
,<
/p>
来和我们谈谈他目前的研究工作。对的
,
well,over to you, Grant.
好吧<
/p>
,
交给你了
,
格
兰特。
GRANT: Good morning,
ever
yone. I‘m sure that you know that
the quarantine
格兰特
:
大家早上好。我相信你知道检疫
service regulates all food brought into
Australia. Well, obviously they want to protect
服务规范所有食品带到澳大利亚。显然
,
他
们想保护
Australia from diseases
that might come in with imported goods, but they
also
澳大利亚的疾病可能与进口货物进来
,
但他们也
want to prevent
insect pests from being introduced into the
county, and that‘s
要防止害虫进入县<
/p>
,
这是
where I have a part to play. Anyway, my
current research involves trying to find a
我将扮演很重要的角色。无论如何
,
我现在的研究涉及
试图找到一个
particular type of
bee, the Asian Honey Bee, and finding out whether
there are any
特定类型的蜜蜂
,
亚洲蜜蜂
,
找出是否有任何
of them around in various states of
Australia . We discovered a few of them in
他们在澳大利亚的各种状态。我们发现了其中的一些
Queensland once and eradicated them.
Now, we‘re pretty keen to make
< br>昆士兰
,
根除它们。现在
,
我们非常渴望
sure that
there aren‘t any more getting in, particularly to
New South Wales and
确保没有任何更多
的进入
,
特别是新南威尔士和
other states.
其他州。
PROFESSOR:
What‘s wrong with Asian Honey Bees? Are they so
different from
教授
:
亚洲蜜蜂怎么了
?
他们是如此不同<
/p>
Australian bees?
澳大利亚的蜜蜂吗
?
GRANT:
Well, in fact, they look almost the same, but they
are infested with
格兰特
:
嗯
,
事实上
,
他们看起来几乎相同
,
但它们出没
< br>
mites---microscopic creatures which
live on them, and which can seriously
螨
虫
,
微观生物生活在他们
,
认真
damage our own
home-grown bees, or could even wipe them out.
损害我们自己的本土蜜蜂
,
或者甚至可以消灭他
们。
PROFESSOR: Well, what
would happen if Australian bees died out?
< br>教授
:
好
,
如果澳大利亚蜜蜂灭绝了会发生什么
?
GRANT:
Well, the honey from Australian bees is of
excellent quality, much better
格兰特
:
澳大利亚蜜蜂的蜂蜜是优秀的质量
,
好多了
than the stuff the
Asian bees produce. In fact, Australia exports
native Queen bees to a
比亚洲蜜蜂生产的东西。事实上
,
澳大利亚出口本地女王蜜蜂
large number of countries because of
this. When the European Honey Bee was
大量的国家因为这个。当欧洲蜜蜂
first discovered out in the bush, we
found they made really unpleasant honey and
首次发现在布什
,
我们发现他们真的不愉快的蜂蜜和
they were also too big to
pollinate many of our native flowers here in
Australia.
他们也大到授粉在澳大利亚我们的许多本地花。
PROFESSOR: That must have had a
devastating effect on the natural flora. Did you <
/p>
教授
:
那一定有毁灭性的影响自然植物。
你是
lose any species?
失去任何物种
?
GRANT:
No, we managed to get them under control before
that happened but if Asian
格兰特
:
不
,
我们设法让他们控制之前<
/p>
,
但如果亚洲发生的
bees got in there could be other
consequences. We could lose a lot of money because
蜜蜂有可能有其他的后果。因为我们会失去很多钱
you might not be aware, but it‘s
estimated that native bees‘ pollination of
flower
你可能不知道
,
但据估计
,
本地蜜蜂授粉的花
and vegetable crops is worth 1.2
billion dollars a year.
和蔬菜作物每年价值
12
亿美元。
So in
a way they‘re the farmers‘ friend. Oh, and another
thing is, if you‘re stung by an
所以在某种程度上他们是农民的朋友。哦
,
还有另一件
事是
,
如果你受到一个
Asian
Honey Bee, it can
produce an allergic reaction in some people; so
they‘re much
亚洲蜜蜂
,
它可以在一些人产生过敏反应
,
所以
他们
more dangerous than
native bees.
比本地蜜蜂更危险。
............................................ .................................................. .............................................
...........................................
..................................................
..............................................
..................
..................
PROFESSOR: How will you know if Asian
bees have entered Australia?
教授
< br>:
你怎么知道如果亚洲蜜蜂进入澳大利亚
?
GRANT: We‘re looking at the diet of the
bird called the Rainbow Bee Eater. The
格兰特
:
我们看鸟的饮食叫彩虹食蜂鸟
。的
Bee Eater doesn‘t care
what it eats, as long as they‘re insects. But the
interesting thing
蜜蜂吃不在乎它吃什么
,
只要他们昆虫。但有趣的
about this bird is that we are able to
analyse exactly what it eats and that‘s
really
这个鸟是我们能够分析它到底吃什么
,
真的
helpful
if we‘re looking for introduced
insects.
帮助如果我们寻找介绍昆虫。
PROFESSOR: How come?
教授
:
怎么
?
GRANT: Because insects have their
skeletons outside their bodies, so the Bee Eaters
格兰特
:
因为昆虫有他们的骨骼外的身
体
,
所以蜜蜂吃
digest the meat from the inside. Then
they bring up all the indigestible bits of
skeleton
从内部消化的肉。然后他们把所有的难消化的骨架
and, of course, the wings in a pellet
---a small ball of waste material which they cough
当然
,
小球的翅膀
————
小球的废弃物咳嗽
up.
起来。
PROFESSOR: That sounds a bit
unpleasant. So, how do you go about it?
教授
:
这听起来有点不愉快。所以
,
你怎么去呢
?
GRANT: In
the field we track down the Bee Eaters and find
their favorite feeding
格兰特
:<
/p>
在这个领域我们追踪蜜蜂食客和找到他们喜欢的喂养
spots, you know, the places
whe
re the birds usually feed. It‘s here
that we can find the
点
,
你知道
,
鸟儿的地方通常
饲料。在这里
,
我们可以找到
pellets. We collect them up and take
them back to the laboratory to examine the
球团矿。我们收集起来并带他们回实验室检查
contents.
内容。
PROFESSOR: How do you do that?
< br>教授
:
你怎么做
?
GRANT: The pellets are really hard,
especially if they have been out in the sun for a
格兰特
:
球是非常困难的
,
特别是如果他们已经在太阳
few days so, first of all, we treat
them by adding water to moisten them and make
几天
,
所以
,
首先
,
我们把它们通过添加水和滋润
them softer. Then we pull them
apart under the
microscope.
Everything‘s all
他们柔软。然后我们把他们分开在显微镜下。一切都是
scrunched up but we‘re looking for
wings so we just pull them all out and
把它们揉成一团
,
但我们正在寻找翅膀
所以我们只是把他们所有
straighten them.
Then we identify them to see if we can find ant
Asian bee wings.
伸直。然后我们确定他们
,
看看我们能找到蚂蚁亚洲蜜蜂的翅膀。
PROFESSOR: And how many have you found?
教授
:
你找到多少
?
GRANT: So far our research shows
that Asian bees have not entered Australia in any
格兰特
:
到目前为止
< br>,
我们的研究显示
,
亚洲蜜蜂没
有进入澳大利亚任何
number---
it‘s a good result
and much more reliable than trying to find live
o
nes as
数字
———
是一个很好的结果
,
比试图找到更可靠的生活<
/p>
evidence of introduced
insects.
介绍了昆虫的证据。
PROFESSOR: Well, that‘s fascinating!
Thank you, Grant, for those insights. I
hope
教授
:
嗯
,
那是迷人的
!
谢谢你
,
格兰特
,
对于那些见解。我希望
that you
might inspire some of our students here to conduct
some similar experiments.
这里也可以激发我们的一些学生进行一些类似的实验。
剑
8 Test 2 Section 4
剑
4
8
测试
2
部分
I've been doing some research into what
people in Britain think of doctors,the ones
我一直在做一些研究英国人怎么看待医生的
who work in general practice - the
first call for medical care - and comparing this
with
一般工作实践
——
第一个呼
吁医疗和比较这
the situation in a
couple of other countries. I want to talk about
the rationale behind
其他几个国家的情况。我想谈谈背后的基本原理
what I decided to do.
我决定做什么。
Now I had
to set up my programme of research in three
different countries so I
现在我必须建立在三个不同的国
家
,
所以我计划研究
approached postgraduates in my field in
overseas departments,contacting them by
接近研究生在这个行业在海外部门联系他们
email,to organise things for me at
their end. I thought I would have trouble
recruiting
电子邮件
,
为
我组织的事情结束。我想招聘有困难
help but in
fact everyone was very willing and sometimes their
tutors got involved
帮助但事实上每个人都非常愿意
,
有时他们的导师介入
too.
了。
I had to give my helpers clear
instructions about waht kind of sample population
I
我不得不放弃我的助手样本人口我明确指示有关的事
wanted them to use. I decided that
people under 18 should be excluded because most
希望他们使用。我决定
,18
岁以下的人应
该被排除在外
,
因为大多数
of them are students or looking for
their first job,and also I decided at this stage
just to
是学生或寻找他们的第一份工作
,
也是我决定在这个阶段
focus on
men who were in employment,and set up something
for people who didn't
关注人的就业
,
并设置为那些没有的东西
have
jobs and for employed women later on as a separate
investigation.
以后有工作和雇佣女性作为一个独立的调查。
I specifically wanted to do a
questionnaire,and interviews with a focus group.
With the
我特别想做一个问卷调查和焦点小组访谈。与
questionnaire,rather than limiting it
to one specific point,I wanted to include as much
问卷调查
,
而不是限制在一个特定的点
上
,
我想包括尽可能多的
variety as possible. I know
questionnaires are a very controlled way to do
things but I
品种。我知道问卷是一个可控的方式做事情
,
但我
thought I
could do taped interviews later on to counteract
the effects of this. And the
以为我可以做录音采访
之后
,
以抵消这种影响。和
focus group may also prove useful in
future,by targeting subjects I can easily return <
/p>
焦点小组在未来可能也会有用
,
通过瞄准
学科我可以很容易地回来
to,as the
participants tend to be more involved.
,
当参与者往往投入的更多。
So I'm just collating the results now.
At the moment it looks as if,in the UK,despite the
所以现在我只是整理结果。目前看来
,
在英国
,
尽管
fact that newspapers continually report
that people are unhappy with medical care,in
事实
:
报纸不断地报告
,
人们对医疗服务不满
,
fact
it is mainly the third level of care,which takes
place in hospitals,that they are
事实主要第三
级别的护理
,
这发生在医院
,
worried about. Govemment reforms have
been proposed at all levels and although
担心的。各级政府对改革提出了虽然
their success is not guaranteed,long-
term hospital care is in fact probably less of an
他们的成功并不保证
,
长期住院治疗可
能实际上是少的
issue than the media
would have us believe. Howeverm I've still got
quite a bit of data
比媒体试图让我们相信的问题。
Howeverm
我仍有相当多的数据
to look at.
看。
Certainly I will need to do more far-
reaching research than I had anticipated in order
当然我需要做比我预期的更深远的研究
to establish if people want extra
medical staff invested in the community,or if they
建立投资如果人们想要额外的医务人员在社区里
,
或如果他们
want care to
revert to fewer,but larger,key medical units. The
solution may well be
想要恢复到更少的关心
< br>,
但大
,
关键的医疗单位。解决
方案很可能是
something that can be
easily implemented by those responsible in local
的东西可以很容易地实现由那些在当地负责
govemment,with central government
support of course.
当然政府
,
中央政府的支持。
This first
stage has proved very valuable though. I was
surprised by how willing most
不过这一第一阶段已被证明是非常宝贵的。我最愿意感到惊讶
of the subjects were to get involved in
the project - I had expected some unwillingness
受试者参与的项目
——
我的预期有些不情愿
to answer questions
honestly. But I was taken aback and rather
concerned that
诚实地回答问题。但是我一惊而担心
something I thought I'd set up very
well didn't necessarily seem that way to everyone
一些我想建立很好似乎不一定对每个人都这样
in my own department.
在我的部门。
I thought
you might also be interested in some of the
problems I encountered in
我以为你也可能感兴趣的一些问题我遇到了
collecting my data. There were odd
cases that threw me - one of the subjects who I
had
收集我的数据。有奇怪的情况下
,
把我一个人
approached while he
was out shopping in town,decided to pull out when
it came to the
走近时镇上购物
,
决定退出时
second round. It
was a shame as it was someone who I would like to
have interviewed
第二轮。这是一个耻辱
,
因为它是我想要采访的人
more
closely.
更密切。
And
one of the first-year students I interviewed
wanted reassurance that no names
我采访过的一
个一年级学生想要安慰
,
没有名字
would be traceable from the answers. I
was so surprised,because they think nothing of
将可追踪的答案。我很惊讶
,
因为他们认为没
有
telling you about
themselves and their opinions in seminar groups!
告诉你关于他们自己和他们的意见在研讨会组织
!
Then,one of people that I work with got
a bit funny. The questions were quite personal
然后
,
一个和我一起工作的人有一点搞笑。很
私人的问题
and one minute he said
he'd do it,then the next day he wouldn't,and in
the end he did
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