-
高三英语重要知识点：高考必考的
40
个重点句
型
句型
1
would rather
that somebody did…
宁愿
……;
更愿意
……
表示现在或将来的愿望
)
would
rather that somebody had done…
宁愿
……;
更愿意
……
表示过去的
愿望
)
[
例句
]
I'd rather you posted the
letter right now.
我想让你现在去寄信。
I'd rather you
were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we
could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一
起。
I'd rather that I hadn't seen her
yesterday.
我情愿昨天没有看到她。
句型
2
as
if/though+
主语
+did/had done…
好像
……(
表示现在或将来的情况用过去时
;
表示
过
<
/p>
去的情况用过去完成时
)[
参考句型
4]
[
例句
]
Our head teacher treats us
as if we were her own children, so all the
students in our
class think
highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had
been there.
Alan
谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型
3
宾语从句
<
/p>
，表示不大
可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语
+
过去时
;
表示过去的愿望：主语
+had done;
表示将来的愿望：主语
+would/could do
[
例句
]
How I wish we students had
more free time to relax ourselves!
我们学生多么希望有更
多的自由时间放松自己
!
I failed in the maths exam.
How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you
can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance
with you at the party!
句型
4
It's high/about time that
somebody did (should do)
(should
通常不省略
)
…
早就该
……
[
例句
]
It's time that you went to
school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high time
that we did something to improve our environment.
该是我们为环保做些事情了。
I think it's
high time that she made up her mind.
我想她该拿定主意了。
句型
5
情态动词
+
动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done
本来可以
……
表示过去没有实现的可能
)
。
might have done
本来可能
< br>……;
本来应该或可以做某事
(
实际没有发生
;
含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done
本来
该做某事
而实际未做
)
should
not/ought not to have done
本来不该做
实际却做过了，含有责备语气
)
needn't have
done
本来不必做
但是已经做过了
)
would rather have done
当时宁愿做
了某事
实际没有做过
);
否定式
would rather
not have done
表达相反意思，两者都有表示
后悔
之意。
句型
6
as, though,
although
引导的让步状语从句。
[
注意<
/p>
]although
位于句首
;thou
gh
位于句首或句中
;as
位于句中<
/p>
=though
。它的词序
是把
句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。
< br>[
参考倒装结构
]
请注意
下列句
式的变化：
[
例句
]
1.
Although/Though I'm young, I already know what
career I want to follow.
→
Young as/though I am, I
already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2.
Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot
agree with his idea.
→
Much as/though I respect
him, I cannot agree with his idea.
虽然我很尊重他，
但是我不同意他的观点。
3. Although/Though he is a
child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→
Chi
ld(
省略冠词
)as/though he is, he
knows a lot of Chinese characters.
他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4. Although he
tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
→
Try as he
might, he couldn't solve the problem.
尽管他努力了，
但是他没有解决问题。
5. Although it
is raining, I'm going out for a walk.
→
Raining as it
is, I'm going out for a walk.
天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it may seem,
nobody was injured in the accident.
这次意外虽然显得不可思
议，却没有人受伤。
7. Much as I would like to
help, I have a lot to do.
虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多
事要做。
8. Object as you may, I will go.
纵使你反对，我也要去。
句型
7
…before…
特殊用法
(1)
没来得及
……
就
……
[
例句
]
The roof fell
before he had time to dash into the room to save
his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran off
before I could stop him.
我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
To my great disappointment,
my favorite singer left the concert before I could
have
a word with her.
让我非常失望的是，
我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，
她就已经离
开了。
句型
8
…before…
特殊用法
(2)
过了多久才
……
或
动作进行到什么程度才
……
[
例句
]
They walked about fifty
miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行
50
英里才看到一个村庄。
The workers worked day and
night about three days before everything returned
to normal.
工人们连
续工作
3
天才使一切恢复正常。
He almost
knocked me down before he knew it.
他几乎撞到我了才意识到。
We had walked a
long way before we found some water.
我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。
Five years went
by before I knew it.
不知不觉，五年过去了。
句型
9
It was +
时间段
+before….
过了多久才
(
怎么样
)……
It was not long
before….
不久，就
……
It will (not)
be +
时间段
+before….
要
过多久
(
不久
)……
< br>才
……
从句谓语动
词要用一般时态
)
[
例句
]
It was not long
before he sensed the danger of the
position.
不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It was five
days before he came back.
五天后他才回来。
It will be half a year
before you graduate from the school.
再过半年你才能毕业。
It will not be long before
they understand each other.
他们大概不久就会互相了解。
句型
10
in case
of…(+n.)
以防
;
万一
in case
that…
以防，万一
……
谓语动词用
一般现在时态或
should+
动词原形
)
[
例句
]
In case of fire, what
should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I
forget/should forget.
万一我忘了，请提醒我。
In case (that) John
comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take
your umbrella in case (that it rains/should
rain).
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
句型
11
It
强调句型
强调句的基本构成：
It is/was +
被强调的部分
+
who(
主要指人时
)/that +
其余部
分
[
注意
1]
这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾
语、状语
(
包括时间，地点，方式，原因
等
)
，
但
是不能强调谓语动词
(
参考句型
15)
。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用
It
is…that/who….;
原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用
It
was…that/who….;
强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用
when,
where
或
how,
必须用
that
。
[
例句
1]
I saw him in
the street yesterday afternoon.
→
It was I who
saw him in the street yesterday
afternoon.(
强调主语
)
→
It was in the
street that I saw him yesterday
afternoon.(
强调地点状语
)
→
It
was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the
street.(
强调时间状语
)
→
It was him
that/who I saw in the street yesterday
afternoon.(
强调宾语
)
[
例句
2]
He didn't go to
bed until his mother came back.
→
It was not
until his mother came back that he went to bed.
He didn't do
his homework until his father came back from work.
→
It
wasn't until his father came back from work that
he did his homework.
[
例句
3]
Only when you nearly lose
someone do you fully realize how much you value
him.
→
It is only when you nearly
lose someone that you fully realize how much you
value him.
只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。
[
例句
4]
I was late again because
the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→
It
was because the traffic was very heavy during the
rush hour that I was late again.
(
强调句中只能强调由
because
引导的原因状语从句，
becaus
e
不能换成
since, as,
for,
now
that
等
)
[
注意
2]
强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句
Is / Was it
+
被强调部分
+who /
that …?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+is /was +it +who /
that…?
What is/was it that…? Who is/was it
that…? When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it
that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it
that…?
[
例句
1]
I saw him in the street
yesterday afternoon.
→
When was it that you saw
him in the street?
→
Who was it that you saw in
the street yesterday afternoon?
→
Where was it
that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[
例句
2]
I don't know
when he will come back.
→
I don't know when it is
that he will come
back.(
宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序
)
-How was it
that you got in touch with Mr. Smith?
你
是怎么和
Smith
先生联系上的
?
-Trough a
friend of mine.
通过一个朋友。
句型
12
(1)
、祈使句
(
表条件
)+ or/or else/
otherwise +
主句
(
表结
果
)…
否则
…
，要不然
…
(2)
、祈使句
(
表条件
)+ and +
主句<
/p>
(
表结果
)
[
例句
]
Hurry up, or
you'll be late for class.
Please call me up before you come,
otherwise/or else/or we might be out.
你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。
Think it over
and you will find the answer.
Give him an inch and he
will take a mile.
得寸进尺。
Work hard and
you will make progress every day.
好好学习，天天向上。
句型
13
…until….
直到
……
时候
直到
……
才
……
[
例句
]
You are to stay until/till
your mother comes back.
你得等到你妈妈回来。
The meeting was put off
until ten o'clock.
会议推迟到十点钟。
The villagers
didn't realize how serious the pollution was until
all the fish died in the river.
→
Not until all
the fish died in the river did the villagers
realize how serious the
pollution
was.(
倒装句
)
等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
He didn't go to
bed until his mother came back.
→
It was not
until his mother came back that he went to
bed.(
强调句
)
Not until he failed in the
exam did he realize that he had wasted much time
playing
computer games.
Not until his
son came back from school did he go to bed.
句型
14
unless…
除非，如果不
……
[
例句
]
I shall go tomorrow unless
it rains.
如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall Tom go
and play football?
-Not unless he has finished his
homework.
除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。
I won't go
unless he comes to invite me himself.
除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。
I won't attend
his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am
invited).
除非被邀请，
否则我不
去参加的生日晚会。
句型
15
when
引导的从句
when
除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、
时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从
< br>句，
还有一种用法值得关注，
那就是
when
引导并列分句，
意思是
这
时突然<
/p>
;
就在
那时
，
强调另一个动作的突然发生。
常用于以下
句型中：
(1)
、
主语
+ be doing…
when…
意思是
正在做某事这时
……
、
主语
+
be about
to do…when…;(3)
、
主语
+be
on the point
of (doing) …when…
意思是
< br>正要去做某事这时
……
[
例句
]
One day Chuck
was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when
suddenly his
plane
crashed.
有一天，
Chuck
正在太平洋上飞行，
这时他的飞机
突然爆炸了。
I don't know when he will arrive.
我不晓得他什么时候到达。
I thought of the happy days
when I was in Beijing.
我想起了在北京时的那段快
乐日子。
I believe the time will soon come when
there will be no weapons in the world.
我相信世界
上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。
I was walking
along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry
for help.
我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。
I was about to
leave when it began to rain.
我刚要离开，这时下雨了。
I had just finished my exam
paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was
over.
我刚
做完作业，下课铃响了。
I thought of
the happy days when I was in France.
我想到了在法国时那段快乐日子。
I believe the time will
soon come when there will be no weapons in the
world.
我相信世界
上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。<
/p>
[
比较
]
I was walking along the
street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
我正在街上走，这
时我看见一家裁缝店。
I was walking
along the streets. Just at the moment I caught
sight of a tailor's shop.
我在街
上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。
句型
16
while
引导的从句
while
除了有
当
/
在
……
时候
的
意思外
(
注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是
延续性动词
!)
，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：
(1)while = although
尽管
、
虽然
，引导让步状语从句
;(2)whil
e
的意思是
然而
;
可是
，常用来表达对比关
系。
[
例句
]
While I admit that the
problem is difficult, I don't think that they
can't be solved.
尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。
While I admit
his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。
While I was
angry with her, I didn't lose my temper.
虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。
While I
understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you.
虽然我了解你的见解，
我
还是不能同意
(
你
)
。
I earn only 120 dollars a week, while
she earns 180 dollars.
我一星期只赚
120
美元，
她却赚
180
美元。
句型
17
where…(
地点从句
)
[
注意<
/p>
]where
引导地点从句时，
可以引导
定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。
当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以
用
in which, on which, at
which, to which, from which
等
结构代替。
但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，
没有这
样用法。
[
例句
]
You should put the book
where it was.
把书放回原处。
Persistent
people begin their success where others end in
failure.
不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。
Where there is
a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there
is never peace.
人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。
Go where you should, keep
on studying.
无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。
That is the building where
my father works.
那是我父亲工作的大楼。
Yesterday I
went to the department store, where I met my
teacher.
昨天我去百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。
That's where a
change is needed.
那就是需要变更的地方。
We could see the runners
very well from where we stood.
从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。
You should let
your children play where you can see them.
你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be
grown in places where it is too cold to grow
rice.=Potatoes can be
grown
in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(
本句
where
引导定语从句
)
有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。
[
请比较下面的句子结构的不同
]
Potatoes can be
grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(
本句
where
引导地点状语从句
)
句型
18
what
引导的从句
what
在英语中非常活跃
,
它可以用来引导主语从句、
宾语从句、
表语从句，
但是
不用来引导定语从句。
在句子里可以充当主语、
宾语、
表语、
定语，
既可以指人，也可以指物。
[
例句
]
What is the
population of the world?
世界的人口有多少
?
What did you pay for this
picture?
这幅画你付了多少钱
?
What is most
important in life isn't money.
人生最重要的并非是金钱。
Will you show me what you
bought?
可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗
?
Mary is no
longer what she was ten years ago. Mary
已经不是
10
年前的她了。
句型
19
as
引导的非限制性定语从句
在
as<
/p>
引导的非限制性定语从句中，
连接代词
a
s
在句子中可以作主语、
宾
语或表语等
，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句
子
前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：
as we
all know; as is well known
to…; as is
often the case; as
is said/mentioned
above; as has been said before; as I told you
before;
as is evident; as often
happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we
expect; as I can remember
等。
[
注意<
/p>
1]as
通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。
[
注意
2]as
引导的非限制性定语从句通常指
事先可以预料到的
料想
到
的
，
表达
好
的方面。
[
注意
3]as
引导限
制性定语从句时，常构成
the same…as…;
such…as…;
so/as
…as…
等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。
[
例句
]
This is also part of your
work, as I told you before.
我曾告诉过你，这也是你工
作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as
was evident from his way of speaking.
从那人说话的
样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
Such ideas as he hits on
are worthless.
像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。