-
写作
——
启、承、转
、合
启
---
启动观点
开头段
Nowadays, a heated debate is springing
up as to
…
With
the development of
…
承
---
内容承接
拓展段
首先
,
第一
:
firstly/ above all/ to begin with
其次，第二
:secondly/ besides/ in
addition/ what
’
s more/
最后，第三
: at last/ the last but
not the least
转
---
语义转折
拓展段
转折：
however/ on the contrary/
by contrast/instead
合
---
总结概括
结尾段
结论：
in short/ in brief/ in a
word/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ on the basis of
the analysis
above, we can draw a
conclusion that
…
1
）起始段写法
一、话题引出段
/
现象、现状说明段
1.
Nowadays/
Currently, there is a great/wide/widespread
concern over the issue of
…
2.
There is a
public controversy nowadays over the issue
of
?
. Those who object
to
?
argue
that
?
. But people who
favor
?
, on the other hand,
argue that
…
3.
With the rapid
development of science and technology,
the quality of our lives is
improving for the better.
4.
When it comes
to
?
,
people
’
s notion may vary
from one to another/most people
belive
that
?
But other
people argue that
…
5.
Different
people
have
different
attitudes
towards
?
Some
are
in
favor
of
?
while
others are
against
?
. As far as
I
’
m concerned, I am
inclinded to support the latter
view
that
…
2
）拓展段写法
(5
种
)
一、观点对比段
Currently, opposite views are presented
in the debate. Some people firmly believe
that
?
.
On the
contrary, quite a few people argue
that
…
二、利弊列举段
Every
coin
has
two
sides
and
this
issue
is
no
exception.
Above
all,
?
In
addition
,
?
However, the
negative elements should not be neglected.
三、举例论证段
1.
For instance
2.
Take
?
for a example
3.
A case in
point is
…
4.
The thought-
provoking saying can be best illustrated by the
following examples.
四、原因列举段
1. Why should this
phenomenon take place? There are generally three
factors accounting
for it.
2. Considering every aspect of the
issue, we may attribute the sharp change to three
factors.
五、意义阐释段
1.
The purpose of
this picture is to show us that due attention has
to be paid to
…
2.
The fact/
phenomenon that
?
indicates/ reveals that.
3
）结论段写法
(2
种
)
一、归纳结论段
1.
As a result/
consequence,
…
2.
In conclusion,
3.
In my opinion,
4.
As far as I am
concerned,
5.
taking into account
all the factors above, we may draw a
conclusion that
…
6.
Trough
the
above-
mentioned
analysis,
we
have
no
difficulties
in
drawing
the
conclusion that
…
7.
From
the
above
discussion,
we
can
easily
conclude
that
both
proponents
and
opponents
of
?
have
their
respective
reasons
and
justifications.
However,
as
a
supporter/opponent of
?
, I would like to stand
by
?
/support/ aprove of
…
二、预测趋势段
There
is
no
denying
that
the
tendency
of
increase/decline
reflected
from
the
chart
will
continue in the future.
作文四大主题题型
一、观点对比型
< br>基本模式：热门话题，利弊共存，观点针锋相对，考生阐述个人见解
Where to Live
—
In
the City or the Country?
Outline: 1. Conveniences of the city 2.
Attractions of the country 3. Disadvantages of
both 4.
My preference
都
市
生
活
优
势
发
达
的
教
育
(advanced
level
of
education)
便
捷
的
交
通
(conven
ient
transportation
繁荣的商业
(prosperous business)
丰富的文化娱乐
(rich cultural life)
Where to Live
—
In
the City or the Country?
乡村生活优势
close to nature, fresh air, quiet and
relaxing, idyllic and simple way of life,
carefree
都市生活劣势
polluted, crowded, noisy,
pressures, temptations
乡村生活劣势
boring, idle, sluggish, isolated from
the outside world, inconvenient daily life
我的选择：自由选择，但是必须声明喜好原因，自圆其说
句型参考：
The
advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
Obviously, it has both negative effects
and positive effects.
There are
advantages and disadvantages.
Like
anything else, it has its faults.
Nothing can equal
Nothing is
more
?
than
两者相同
A
is
not
?
any more than
B
；
The same is
true of
；
A
and
B
have several things in
common
；
A
bears some resemblances to
B
两者不同
A
…, whereas
B
…
；
A
and
B
differ in
several ways
模板：①
When
it
comes
to
,
different
people
hold
different
views
②
Some
contend
that
.
③
For
one
thing,
.
④
For
another,
.
⑤
In
spite
of
all
these
claims,
others
maintain
that
⑥
They
point
out
that
.
⑦
Another
instance
cited often is that
.
⑧
It
’
s
no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the
issue.
⑨
As for me,
there
’
s some truth to both
arguments .
⑩
It
’
s
advisable to
.
信息提示：
①两种观点针对的争论焦点；
②观点一；
③观点一的理由
1
；
④观点二的理由
2
；
⑤与观点一对立的观点二；⑥观点二的理由
1
；⑦观点二的理由
2
；⑩
个人的结论
二、现象阐释型
基本模式：以阐释现象、分析原因、阐述观点为主
模板一：
1. Recently, ___. 2.
What amazes us most is ____. 3. It is true that
___. 4. There
are many reasons
explaining ____. 5. The main reason is ___. is
more, ___. 7. Thirdly,
____. 8. As a
result ___.9. Considering all these, ___. 10. For
one thing, ____. 11. For another,
____.
12. In conclusion, ____
信息提示：
1.
描述现象，引起话题
2.
表现较为典型的一个方面
3.
对于现象做出评论
4.
< br>承上启下，解释这一现象的原因
5.
说明原因一
6.
原因二
7.
原因三
8.
讲述导致的结果
9.
作
者的态度
10.
观点一
11.
观点二
12.
总结全文
It Pays to Be Honest
1.
Recently, we often hear complaints about
dishonesty. 2. What amazes us most is that
a lot of students cheat in exams. 3. It
is true that there are dishonest practices in all
walks of
life. 4. There are many
reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors. 5.
The main reason is
that countless
people neglect the moral values in pursuit of
their own interests. is
more,
we
lack
effective
laws
and
regulations
of
supervision.
7.
Thirdly,
a
great
many
dishonest people can
escape punishment. 8. As a result, the problem of
dishonesty becomes
very serious. 9.
Considering all these, I still want to argue that
it pays to be honest in the
long run.
10. For one thing, honesty is a traditional virtue
of Chinese. 11. For another, even
dishonest
people
like
making
friends
with
honest
people.
12.
In
conclusion,
we
should
be
honest.
点评：
1.
引起主题内容，使用
often
一词表示这种现象较普遍
2.
是第一句的展开句，
说明表现较为典型
的一个方面
3.
进一步做出结论：不
诚实这一现象很普遍
4.
承上启下，说
明原因
5.
指出主要原因：人们在重视自身利益的同时却忽略了道德价值
6.
进一步细说原
因：缺乏法规
7.
说明不诚实现象有症结所在
8.
讲述导
致的结果
9.
表述个人的观点，同时也
起到了承上启下的作用
10.
个人观点的理由一
11.
个人观点的理由二
12.
总结全文，做人应
该诚实
模板二：
1. As is known
to all, ___. 2. ___ seem to get accustomed to___.
3. In fact, ___. 4.
The reasons of ___
lie in several aspects. 5. Firstly, ___. 6.
Secondly, ___. 7. Thirdly, ____. 8.
Finally, ___.9. As a matter of fact,
___. 10. On the one hand, ____. 11. On the other
hand,
____. 12. Therefore, ____
信息提示：
1.
摆明现象
2.
讲明事实，空格内
填
People/
Students
等
3.
说明发生的实质
变化
4.
引起下文，讲明原因
5.
原因一
6.
原因二
7.
原因三
8.
原因四或总结全段
9.
说明作者<
/p>
的观点
10.
支持这一观点的理由一
11.
理由二
12.
得出结论
It Pays to Be Honest
1.
As is known to all, we often hear complaints about
dishonesty. 2. People seem to get
accustomed to many dishonest behaviors.
3. In fact, there are dishonest practices in all
walks
of life.. 4. The reasons of
social dishonesty lie in several aspects. 5.
Firstly, countless people
neglect
moral
values
in
pursuit
of
their
material
benefits.
6.
Secondly,
unfair
competitions
worsen the situation7. Thirdly, we lack
powerful and effective laws and regulations to
cope
with this problem. 8. Finally, a
lot of dishonest people may escape punishment
easily. 9. As a
matter of fact, to be
honest will be good for both the honest people and
our society. 10. On
the one hand,
behaving yourself in an honest way can win respect
from others. 11. On the
other hand, being honest is an
essential step towards our spiritual civilization.
12. Therefore,
it pays to be honest in
the long run.
点
评：
1.
摆明现象，引起话题
2.
讲明事实
3.
进一步说明不诚实现象的普遍性
4.
讲明
导致不诚实现象的原因很多
，
引起下文
5.
讲明原因一
6.
原因二：
不公平竞
争导致
7.
原因三：
缺乏有效的法规制止
8.
原因四：不诚实的人们得不到
惩罚
9.
转而说明作者的观点：诚实有
益
10.
诚实有益的具体表现一
11.
诚实有益的具体表现
12.
得出结论：诚实有益。
三、问题解决型
题型特点：利用对已
给出的材料作出自己的分析，论述其原因，然后提出自己的看法或对
象。
模板：
1. With the ___ of
___, ___. 2. So it is of great importance for us
to ___. 3. On the
one hand, ___. 4. On
the other hand, ___. 5. However, we have figured
out many ways to ___.
6. Firstly, ___.
7. So long as___. 8. Secondly, ___.. 9. Thirdly
___. 10. In fact, ___. 11. That is
because, ___. 12. In a word, ___.
信息提示：
1.
问题出现的背景
2.
引出问题
3.
问题的后果一
4.
问题的后果二
5.<
/p>
提出
解决这一问题的方法
6.
解决方法一
7.
进一步说明方法一
8.
方法二
9.
方法三
10.
提出解
决问题的根本途径
11.
支持上句的理由
12.
总结全文
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
1. With the development of the H.R.
market, the interview is becoming more and more
important in job-seeking. 2. So it is
of great importance for us to master skills on
interview. 3.
On the one hand, the
interviewer can know about the candidates in the
interview. 4. On the
other hand, the
interviewee can get necessary information directly
from the interviewer. 5.
However, we
have figured out many ways to make an excellent
performance in an interview.
6.
Firstly, the interviewee has to pay attention to
his appearance. 7. So long as we realize that
the first impression is important, we
must pay attention to it. 8. Secondly, a good
manner is
equally
important.
9.
Thirdly
an
interviewee
must
demonstrate
his
skills
for
the
job.
10.
In fact, the skills for the job play a decisive
role. 11. That is because skills enable us to
cope well with our work. 12. In a word,
a qualified candidate must give a fair performance
点评
：
1.
是整篇文章的一个铺垫，突出了主题
interview
的重要性。
2.
点出文章的
意图，掌握面试技巧至关重要。
< br>3.
和
4.
是补充说明句
2
的内容，从两个方面论证掌握技巧
的重要性
。
5.
起到了承上启下的作用，介绍多种面试技巧。
6
至
9
是本段主题
句的展开说
明。这一段落组织十分严密，
详细介绍面试技巧。
6.
面试成功途径一：要注重外表。
7.
对
句
6
的内容做出进一步说明：目的是留下好的第一印象。
8.
面试成功途径二：要有礼貌。
9.
面试成功途径三：
成功展示自己的工作技能。
10.
总结归纳成功面试的关键点
---
工作技能。
11.
对句
10
做出合理的解释。
12.
做出结论，总结全文。
四、观点论证型
要求：本题型要求考
生根据题目给出的论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后
表明自己的立场和看法
。首先提出论点或观点，作为全文的出发点；第二段要求考生针对
这一观点举出具体的例
子来论证
,
第三段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法，以及在日常
生活
中如何有效地实践这一观点。
模板：
1. It is
believe that ___. 2. The truth is deep and
profound. 3. As we know, ___. 4.
Consequently, ___. 5. A case in point
is ___. 6. This is close to suggest ___. 7. It is
true that
___. 8. In addition, ___. 9.
All mentioned above tells us ___. 10. As a matter
of fact, ___. 11.
There is no denying
that ___. 12. In short, ___.
信息提示
1.
提出观点
2.
强调这一观点
3.
观点的理论依据
4.
证明观点正确性的理论
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：最新人教版七年级上册英语知识讲义教师版
下一篇：机械手翻译