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Country
Language
Original people
Capital
Largest country
UK
English
Celtics
London ...
parliamentary
democracy
&
constitutional
monarchy
Ireland
Irish
English
Dublin
Australia
English
The Aborigines
Canberra
6th
New
Zealand
Maori
English
Maori
Wellington
American
English
Indians
Washington D. C.
Canada
French
English
Aboriginal
Ottawa
2th
Government
Washminster
3
Parliament
3
Constitution
Federal system
Washminster
The
united
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and Northern Ireland
Contain 50 or more countries
Commonwealth of Nations (50)
→
European Union (28)
England
London
capital
cultural, business, financial center
Celtics
original
people
Roman Empire
combine the small kingdoms into a
united one called England
Anglo-Saxon
Viking and
Danish
Norman
Charles the
First
’
s attempt to overrule
parliament
civil war
Scotland
Edinburgh
capital
Glassgow
largest
Gaelic
Wales
Cardiff
capital
Welsh
Northern Ireland
“
The Six
Counties
”
Belfast
capital
Conflict
ethnically
distinct from the majority of British
people
Geographically
North and South of Ireland
Religiously
Protestant and Catholics
Most Irish
people remained Catholics, while most British
people had become Protestant
1921
the southern 26 counties
formed an independent
“
free
state
”
, while the 6 north-
eastern counties remained a
part of the UK
Jurisdiction :
the Republic of Ireland
Great Britain
its own elected
executive government of ten ministers
Government
The process of
stated-building has been one of evolution rather
than revolution
Both a parliamentary
democracy and a constitutional monarchy
Queen is the official head of state
Governor- General fulfill the role of
monarch
in Australia,
Canada, New Zealand
Israel
and Britain are the only two counties without
written constitutions of the sort with most
countries have
Monarchy
The oldest
institution of government
The
“
divine right
of kings
”
authority from God
Civil war
between republican
“
Roundhea
ds
”
led by Oliver Cromwell
King should not
exercise absolute power
→
symbolize the tradition and
unity of the British state
Queen
non-
political
1. Head of the executive
2. An intergral part of the legislature
3. Head of the judiciary
4.
Commander in chief of the armed forces and
“
supreme
governor
”
of the Church
of
England
Parliament
First used
officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of
feudal barons and representatives
from counties
and towns
1689
William of
Orange
the Bill
of Rights
→
Function : pass
laws, vote for taxation, examine government,
debate the major issues
Consist of the Queen, the House of
Lords, the House of Commons
(sovereign)
(The real center of British
political life)
The House the Lords :
the Lords Spiritual & the Lords
Temporal
Serve their
country
Do not receive
salaries and many do not attend Parliament at all
The House of
Commons : 646 Members of Parliament (MPs)
Most belong to political parties :
Labour, the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats
Election
650 constituencies
5 years
general election
Economy
6th largest economy
A member of the G7,G8,G-20, the World
Trade Organization
By the 1880s the
British economy was dominant in the world
Decline
1. War debt
2. The independence of colonies
3. Substantial
and expensive military presence
4. Failure to invest
sufficiently industry
Britain has seen
a relative shrinking of the importance of
secondary industry and a spectacular
growth in tertiary or service
industries
Literature
time
Early time
writer
Anglo-Saxon times
Geoffrey Chaucer
Thomas
Malory
Marlowe
Work
Beowulf
old English
The Canterbury
Tales
Middle English
Le Morte D
’
Arthur
(Death of Arthur)
The Tragical History
of Doctor Faustus
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
Othello
King Lear
Macbeth
The Taming of the Shrew
A
midsummer Night
’
s Dream
Twelfth Night
The Tempest
Essays
Paradise Lost
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
Robinson Crusoe
Lyrical Ballads
“
Declaration of
Independence
”
Brought the Romantic Movement
Sense and Sensibility
Pride
and Prejudice
Emma
Jane Eyre
Wuthering Heights
Oliver
Twist
Robert Louis Stevenson
Tess of the
D
’
Urbervilles
Sons and Lovers
Howard
’
s End
Elizabethan
Drama
(the Renaissance)
tragedy
William Shakespeare
comedy
17th
18th
Francis Bacon
John Milton
Jonathan Swift
Daniel Defoe
William Wordsworth
Samuel
Taylor Coleridge
Romantic Period
George Gordon,Lord Byron
John Keats
Percy Bysshe
Shelley
Jane Austen
Charlotte Bronte
Emily
Bronte
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy
19th
20th
D. H. Lawrence
E. M. Forster
Education
Voluntary
→
compulsory
Church
→
the state ( the
Ministry of Education)
Age
Up to age 5
5 to 11
Education
Pre-primary
schooling
in nursery
schools, daycare, or play groups
State
sector primary schools
11-16
Comprehensive schools
general education
Grammar schools
“
the
11-puls
”
academic potential
GCSE exams (Northern Irish and Welsh)
Quit school and find a job
Prepare to sit exams for university
entrance
Vocational training
A-levels exams
University
11 to 19
Secondary schools
16
16-18
19-
UK has only one privately
funded university, the University of Buckingham
The Open University offers a non-
traditional route for people to take university
level courses and
receive a university
degree
Oxford
the oldest university in UK
Sports
Tennis
Wimbledon
a
London suburb
world
’
s best
players gather to compete
Invented in Britain
Golf
Invented in
Scottish
Horse Racing
The true sport of British Kings (and
Queens)
Holidays
Holiday
New
Year
’
s Day
Valentine
’
s Day
Easter Day
April
Fool
’
s Day
Mother
’
s Day
Father
’
s Day
Halloween
Thanksgiving Day
Date
Jan. 1st
Feb. 14th
Sun. B 3.22-4.25
Apr. 1st
2nd
Sun. in May
3rd Sun. in June
Oct. 31st
4th Thur. in Nov.
Information
The most important
Christmas festival
The Easter egg &
Easter Bunny/Hare
Trick-or-treating &jack-o-
lanterms
Christmas
Dec. 25th
The
biggest and the best loved British holiday
Commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ
1.
Christmas
Pantomime
2.
Hear
the Queen give her Christmas message to
her realm over the television and radio
Traditionally, people gave Christmas
gifts or money
to their staff or
servants, but now, shopping
Queen
’
s Birthday
Celebrated by
“
Trooping the
Color
”
Buckingham
Palace
England
Northern
Ireland
Shamrock (clover) & wear
something green
Scotland
New
Year
’
s Eve
Wales
Music, literature, performance
Spread the language of Wales
Boxing Day
Dec. 26th
National Holidays
Bonfire
Night
St
Patrick
’
s Day
Hogmanay
2nd Sat. in June
In early autumn
March 17th
Dec. 31st
Aug. 1st- 9th
?
Eisteddfod
Ireland
7000 BC
middle Stone Age period
the earliest settlers
arrived
6th
century BC
Celts
their language proved the most lasting
An instrument
of social and cultural unity & a legal system
5th century
Christianity
brought by Saint Patrick
The Vikings
The Normans
1541
Henry
Ⅷ
declared himself King of Ireland - the
first English monarch
1789
the French Revolution
“
Liberty, Equality,
Fraternity
”
1798
rebellion
1870-1914
Home Rule
by Isaac Butt
1905-1908
Sinn Fein
1916.4
the Easter Rising
1919-1921
the War of Independence
Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed , with
the result that 26 counties gained
independence as the new Irish Free
State
Education
Irish education was undertaken by
various religious orders, mostly Roman Catholic
Dominant religious belief
All children in the Republic must learn
the Irish language
The University of
Dublin, Trinity College, is the oldest university
in the State which don
’
t
need to
learn Irish
Art
culture
riverdance
Australia
6th largest country in the
world
The largest island in the world
The smallest, flattest and driest
continent in the world
50th most
populous country in the world
Sydney
largest city
Tasmania
smallest state
New South Welsh
populous state
James Cook named it
West Australia
the largest
state
Animal: platypus, kangaroo,koala,
wombat
Two most distinctive physical
features: the Great Diving Range & The Great
Barrier Reef
“
The Father of
Australia
”
Lachlan Macquarie
the Governor of
NSW
A member of the APEC, G20, OECD,
WTO organization
There
is
now
a
much
higher
proportion
of
settlers
arriving
from
Asia
although
Anglo
Australia
migrants still predominate
The peoples
People of
Dreaming
“
The
Dreaming
”
or
”
The
Dreamtime
”
is the most
enduring religion in Australia today
People who live on the continent have
special responsibilities to the land - that the
land owns
people, creating and
providing everything
The Dreaming is
the belief system from ancient times that has
bound indigenous groups together
Terra Nullius
British who took over the country in
the late 18th century, declaring it to be
“
terra
nullius
”
Australia as a penal colony
The impact of Colonisation
1.
Expropriation
of land and the killing of the peoples
2.
Segregation
and protection
3.
Assimilation
destroy the
culture of the Dreaming
4.
Citizenship and the fight against
racism
Religion
Christianity
The
Dreaming
most
enduring
Protestantism
most dominant
Buddhism
is now the fastest
growing belief system in Australia
Islam, Hinduism, Judaism
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