-
Lesson 1
1
．
And it is an
activity only of humans.
And
it is a human unique
activity
．
2
．
Conversation is
not for making a point.
Conversation is not to convince
others
．
3
．
In fact, the
best conversationalists are those who are prepared
to be lose.
In fact, the
best conversationalists are those who are willing
to be lose.
friends are not deeply involved in each
other
’
s lives.
Bar friends are not deeply concerned
with each other
’
s private
lives.
5....it could still
go ignorantly on...
The
conversation could go on without anybody knowing
who was right or wrong
．
6.
There are
cattle in the field, but we sit down to
beef.
These animals are
called cattle in English, when they are alive and
feeding in the fields
；
but
when we sit down at the table to eat, we call
their meat beef in
French
．
7. The new ruling class had built a
cultural barrier against him by building their
French against his own
language
.
|
The new ruling
class had caused the cultural contradictions
between the ruling class and native English by
regarding French superior to
English.
had come royally into its own.
English had
gained recognition by the
King
．
9
．
The
phrase has always been used a little pejoratively
and even facetiously by the lower
classes.
The phrase, the
king
’
s English has always
been used disrespectfully and made fun by the
lower classes.
10.
The rebellion against a
cultural dominance is still there.
There is still opposition to cultural
monopoly.
11.
There is always a great
danger that
“
words will
harden into things for us
”
We tend to make the mistake that we
regard the things as they represent.
12. Even with the most educated and the
most literate, the King
’
s
English slips and slides in
conversation.
Even the most
educated and literated people will not always use
the formal English in their
conversation
．
Lesson 2
~
1. The burying
--ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,
like a derelict building-lot.
The burying-ground is just a huge piece
of wasteland full of mounds of earth, looking like
a deserted construction land.
2.
All colonial
empires are in reality founded upon that fact.
All colonial empires are
built by exploiting the local people.
3. They rise out of the earth, they
sweat and starve for a few years, and then they
sink back into the nameless mounds of the
graveyard.
They
are born. Then they work hard without enough food
for a few years. Finally they die and are buried
in the hills graves without any
mark to
identify them.
4. A
carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,
turning chair-legs at lighting speed.
A carpenter sits crossing his legs at
an old-fashioned lathe, making round chair-legs
very fast.
5. Instantly, from the dark
holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of
Jews.
Immediately, Jews rushed out of their
dark hole-like rooms nearby in a frenzy madness.
one of them looks on a
cigarette as a more or less impossible
luxury.
Every one of these
Jews considers the cigarette as a somewhat piece
of luxury which they can not possibly afford.
7. Still, a white skin is
always fairly conspicuous.
However, a white-skinned European is
easy to notice in a fair way.
8. In a tropical landscape
one
’
s eye takes in
everything except the human being.
[
Against the
background of a tropical landscape, people could
notice everything but they cannot see local
people.
9. No one would
think of running cheap trips to the Distressed
Areas
No one would propose
the cheap trips to the
slums
．
10
．
...for nine-
tenths of the people the reality of life is an
endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little
food out of an eroded soil.
The real life of nine-tenths of the
people is that there is no end to their extremely
hard work in order to get a little food from an
eroded
soil
．
11. She accepted her status as an old
woman, that is to say as a beast of
burden.
She took it for
granted that as an old woman she should work like
an animal
．
with brown skins are next door to
invisible.
People who have
brown skins are almost
invisible
．
13.
Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down
khaki uniforms...
The
soldiers wore second
—
hand
khaki uniforms which covered their beautiful
well
—
built
bodies
．
14. How
long before they turn their guns in the other
direction
How long will it
take for them to attack us
？
15. Every white man there had this
thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.
It is certain that every
white man realized this.
Lesson3
）
yet
the same revolutionary belief for which our
forebears fought is still at issue around the
globe...
And yet the same
revolutionary belief which is the aim of our
ancestors is still in dispute around the
world.
2. This much we
pledge--and more.
This much
we promise to do and we promise to do
more.
3. United, there is
little we cannot do in a host of cooperative
ventures.
If we are united,
there is almost nothing we can not do through a
lot of cooperation.
4. But
this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the
prey of hostile powers.
But
this peaceful revolution which can bring hope in a
peaceful way can not fall victims to enemy
country.
5. .... Our last
best hope in an age where the instruments of war
have far outpaced the instruments of pace...
The United Nations is our
last and best hope in the era where means of
launching war have far surpassed means of keeping
peace.
—
6. ...to enlarge the area in which its
writ may run...
to increase
the area where the UN
’
s
written documents may be effective.
7....before the dark powers of
destruction unleashed by science engulf all
humanity in planned or accidental self-
destruction...
before the
evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy
all human beings in a planned way or by
accident.
8...yet both
racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror
that stays the hand of
mankind
’
s final
war...
However both trying
to
change that unstable balance of
weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent
human beings from launching their final
war.
9. So let us begin
anew, remembering on both sides that civility is
not a sign of weakness..
.
So let us begin once again to realize
that politeness does not mean weakness.
10. Let both sides seek to invoke the
wonders of science instead of its
terrors.
I suggest both
sides try to use science to make wonders for human
beings rather than terrors.
11. ...each generation of Americans has
been summoned to give testimony to its national
loyalty.
￥
There are Americans from every
generation who answer the call of the country to
prove their loyalty to the country.
12. With a good conscience our only
sure reward, with history the final judge of our
deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love...
Our certain reward is our
good conscience and history will judge our deeds,
therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building
our beloved
country.
Unit4
nice enough young fellow, you
understand ,but nothing upstairs.
He is a nice enough young fellow,you
know , but he is empty-headed.
, I submit, are the very negation of
reason.
A passing fashion
or craze ,in my opinion, shows a complete lack of
reason.
should
have known they
?
d come back
when the Charleston came back.
I should have known that raccoon coats
would come back to fashion when the Charleston
dance, which was popular in the 1920s,came
back.
·
4.“All the Big
Men on Campus are wearing them. Where ?ve you
been”
All the important and
fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How
come you don’t know
brain , that precision instrument,
slipped into high gear.
My
brain, which is precision instrument, began to
work at high speed.
one omission, Polly fitted these
specifications perfectly.
Except for one thing(intelligence)Polly
had all the other requirements.
was not yet of pin-up
proportions, but I felt sure that time would
supply the lack.
She was
not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I
felt sure she would become beautiful enough after
some time.
fact, she veered in the opposite
direction.
In fact, she
went in the opposite direction,that is , she was
not intelligent but rather stupid.
：
9.“ In other
words ,if you were out of the picture,the field
would be open. Is that right”
If you were no longer involved with
her, others would be free to compete to get her as
a girlfriend.
and forth his head swiveled , desire
waxing, resolution waning
.
His head turned back and
forth (looking at the coat and then looking away
from the coat). Every time he looked his desire
for the coat
grew stronger and his
resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.
loomed as a
project of no small dimensions...
To teach her to think
seemed to be a rather big task.
it was not a prospect
fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one
more try.
One must admit
the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I
decided to try one more time.
is a limit to what flesh
and blood can bear.
There is a limit to what any human
being can bear .
-
was
not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster
had me by the throat.
I
planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife
for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein
because Polly ultimately rejected me
and ruined my plan.
I fought back the tide of
panic surging through me .
Desperately I tried to stop the feeling
of panic which was overwhelming me.
Unit5
slighted mention of the decade brings
nostalgic recollections to the middle-
aged...
At the very mention
of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin
to think about it longingly.
rejection of Victorian
gentility was , in any case ,inevitable
.
In any case,an American
could not avoid casting aside middle-class
respectability and affected refinement.
war acted merely as a
catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian
social structure...