高级英语2paraphrase&翻译

Lesson One

it is an activity only of humans.

And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.

sation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.

fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.

friends are not deeply involved in each other

?

s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in

each other

?

s private lives.

5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.

They animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat,

we call their meet beef.

new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.

The

new

ruling

class

by

using

French

instead

of

English

made

it

hard

for

the

English

to

accept

or

absorb

the

culture of the rulers.

h had come royally into its own.

English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.

phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.

The

phrase

,

the

King

?

s

English

,has

always

been

used

disrespectfully

and

jokingly

by

the

lower

classes.(The

working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)

rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the

ruling class.

is always a great danger that

“

words will harden into things for us.

“

There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them

for things they are supposed to represent.

r intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that

deserves the name of conversation.

不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是 交谈的任何活动中。

nt may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in

conversation.

争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争 论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。

s it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.

或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

4.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it

was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.

我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的

---

她 显然不是来酒吧说这个的，

这不是她事先想好的话题

----< /p>

但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for

“

English as

it should be spoken .

”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King

?

s English ,like the Anglo-French

of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.

词语本身并不 是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁

--

法语一样，标准英语是一 个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

s it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change

from below.

或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它 不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。

is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing ,

or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.

如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文 的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈

者更糟糕的了。

E.M. Forster writes of

“

the sinister corridor of our age,

”

we sit up at the vividness of the phrase , the

force and even terror in the image.

当

E .M.

福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有 力，甚至可怖的

形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。

would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meeting of

“

the King

?

s English.

”

那天晚上如果我 们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。

Lesson Three

yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe....

Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and God had endowed them with

certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. However ,today this issue has not

yet been settled in many countries around the world .

much we pledge--- and more.

This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.

, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint undertakings.

4.....our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace...

The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed

the instruments of peace.

5....to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.

We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in

force.

6.....before

the

dark

powers

of

destruction

unleashed

by

science

engulf

all

humanity

in

planned

or

accidental

self-destruction.

Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,overwhelm mankind, which may be

planned or brought about by an accident

7.....yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankind

?

s final war.

Yet

both

groups

of

nations

are

attempting

to

change

as

quickly

as

possible

this

uncertain

balance

of

terrible

military power that restrains each group from launching mankind;s final war.

let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...

So let us start once again , bearing in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.

both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.

Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things

it can do.

10.....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.

Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by frighting and dying

for their country

?

s cause.

a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead

the land we love...

Let us lead the country we love , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge

whether we have done our task well or not.

observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning ,

signifying renewal as well as change.

我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利，而是一个自由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和 另一个时代的开

端，它代表着重生和改变。

the word go forth from this time and place , to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of

our

ancient

heritage, and

unwilling

to

witness

or

permit

the

slow

undoing of

these human

rights

to

which

this

nation has always been committed , and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣 布：火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人，他们出生于本世纪，经受过战争的洗

礼，受过冷 峻而苦涩的和平的考验，以我们的古代遗产为傲，不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。

这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权。

every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price , bear any burden, meet any

hardship , support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.

让世界上每一个希望我们 成功或窘迫的国家知道：我们将不惜任何代价，承担任何责任，应对任何艰难，

支持一切 朋友，反对一切敌人，以确保自由的幸存和成功。

, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。

d, there is little we can do ,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.

如果分裂开来，我们将一事无成，因为我们不能在争执 中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂。

a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人，它就不能拯救少数的富人。

dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain

beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。因为 只有当我们的军备力量无疑是非常充足的时候，我们才能确保不会使用

武力。