-
rise to
to make
sth. happen or begin, esp. sth. unpleasant or
unexpected
to cause contribute to.
lead to. to result in.
Honesty and hard
work contribute to success and happiness.
Instead of resolving contradictions,
the series of measures taken by the government
gave rise to
more violent clashes.
n. & v.
a
fight
or
battle
between
two
groups
of
people;
a
very
angry
argument
between
two
people
or
groups
1) Yesterday they saw violent clashes
_between
police and
protesters.
(2) The prime
minister faces a clash __with_______ business
leaders tomorrow.
(3) His T-shirt clashes ___with______
his shorts.
(4) A lot of problems have
been caused by a clash
___of______ cultures.
Do you
know why many bands break up?
Because
of personality clashes between musicians.
ishment n.
the most important and powerful people
in a country or in a section of society
the process of starting or creating
something such as an organization
(1)(The literary
establishment)
文学界权威
generally looks down on
artists.
(2)John
was eager to (establish good relations with )
与·
·
·
·
·
·建立良好关系
the
business community.
(3)Reagan quickly (established himself
as)
使自己成为·
·
·
·
·
·
a promising film actor.
(4)It
’
s an old
(established)
老牌的
family
firm.
t n. & v.
(1) a strong complaint or
disagreement
(2) something such as a meeting by
people who
strongly
disagree with a policy, law etc.
Figure out the meaning of underlined
words.
(1)The organization has made a
formal protest against the nuclear testing.
抗议
,
反对
(2)We cannot pass this matter by
without protest.
不反对地
,
乐意地
(3)The decision
raised/provoked a storm of protest among students.
引起一片抗议的风暴
(4)I
went to the doctor under protest.
不情愿地
ce
n.
an arrangement between
two or more people, groups or countries to achieve
something
The
basic
principle
of
the
IAW
(International
Alliance
of
Women)
is
that
the
full
and
equal
enjoyment of human rights is due to all
women and girls.
v.
to start a major activity
发射人造卫星
创办一个新企业
发动攻击
发起一次活动
将新产品投放市场
launch a
man-made satellite
launch a new
enterprise
launch an attack
launch a campaign
launch a
new product
about
to make sth. happen, esp.
to cause changes in a situation
反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。
The
Opposition
formed
an
alliance
with
the
trade
unions
and
launched
a
general
strike,
which
ultimately brought
about the downfall of the government.
terize
v.
to be a typical quality
or feature of someone or sth.
(1) Ambition is a
_characteristic_of all successful businessmen.
(2
) Competitive
sport helps to develop one’s
___character______.
(3) The
1980s were __ characterized____________ by high
inflation and high employment.
(4)
They
portray
him
as
a
weak
leader,
but
I
don’t
think
that’s
a
fair
___
characterization
_____________.
n
n.
a
powerful emotion such as love or anger
(1)
他酷爱古典音乐。
He has a
passion for classical music.
(2) He
spoke with great passion about the plight of the
refugees.
他慷慨激昂地讲述了难民们的困境。
spite of sth is used for referring to
a fact that makes something else surprising.
These days political,
social and creative awakening
seems to happen not because of college,
but in spite
of it.
翻译：
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破
其阻力才发
生的。
off
to not touch sth. or
prevent sth. from touching sth.
(1) These
worries kept her from sleeping properly.
to prevent sb. from doing sth
(2) You should keep away from fried
foods.
to avoid
(3) She struggled to keep back her
tears.
to stop oneself
doing sth
(4) Try to keep to a regular
timetable of waking and
sleeping.
to follow
(5) We
try to keep up with what’s happening.
to continue to
learn about sth
12.“Stay the course” is used in the
context of a war or battle meaning to pursue a
goal regardless
of any obstacles or
criticism. Its modern usage was popularized by
American presidents George H.
W. Bush
and Ronald Reagan. The phrase was first used by
Bush in July 2003 while talking about
his plan for Iraq, “We will stay the
course, we will help this young Iraqi democracy
succeed…”
ct
n.
the possibility that sth. will happen,
especially something good
chances of success, esp. in a job or
career
itself
without considering the rest
(1)For the old lady buying the daily
newspaper soon became an end in itself, since she
really just
wanted to chat with the
shopkeeper.
那老太
太每天去买报纸，不多时便觉乐在其中，因为她主要是想和店主聊天
.
(2)
这钱本身对他们来说是没有什么价值的。
The money in
itself meant nothing to them.
are the days w
hen
意思为“·
·
·
·
·
·日子一去不复返了”
。
注意后面的从句中要用过
去时。也可以变换句型
The days when
?
are gone.
ment
n.
work that you are paid regularly to do
for a person or company
(1) His
__employer________ has increased his salary.
(2) After graduation, she found
_employment______________ with a
local finance company.
(3)
The boss struck off 100 dollars from the salary of
the
______employee________
as
fine.
(4) Jean was
_____employed_________ by the company as a
computer programmer.
e
adj.
not clearly expressed
or not easy to understand
not known about or not well known
Translate the following
sentences.
(1)The poem is obscure to
those unlearned in the classics.
这首诗歌在不懂古典诗作的人看来是费解的。
(2)
他为什么退学的理由还不清楚。
The reasons why he dropped out are
obscure.
was /
is it to do sth.
和
it was / is heaven to do sth.
都表示“做·
·
·
·
·
·是一件非常幸
福的事情。
”
Useful expressions
刺激的经历
将·
·
·
·
·
·变成
激进的政治氛围
一阵烟雾
持不同意见的少数人
暴力冲突
与·
·
·
·
·
·
联盟
发动了一场大罢工
创造意识的觉醒
实现·
·
·
·
·
< br>·目标
辍学
全民重视的话题
令人头脑发热的气氛
从高到低的顺序
就业前景
实现目的的手段
·
< br>·
·
·
·
·日子一去不复返了
同道好友
<
/p>
热爱·
·
·
·<
/p>
·
·