英语科技文双语版

科技文

1.

单心室辅助人工心脏应用于实验动物山羊，存活

11

< br>天又

23

小时。在存活期间，动物心电

< br>图，

中心静脉压，

呼吸，

体温等 参数基本正常。

石泵分流量可调，

驱动装置连续工作

天，

性能稳定可靠。

动物死后的病理解剖表明，

死亡的主要原因是肾动脉的广泛性血栓引起的急

性肾功能衰竭。

A univentricular assistant artificial heart was applied to the experiment goat, which survived for

11 days and 23 hours. During the period of survival, the parameters such as E.C.G., central venous

blood pressure, respiration and temperature appeared to be essentially normal. The necessary

amount of blood flow was well regulated by the pump. The driving system worked continuously,

smoothly and reliably for 11 days. Postmortem patho-anatomy revealed that the chief cause of

the animal’s death was acute renal

failure as a result of widespread multiple embolism of renal

arteries.

2.

中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正

常。它标志着我国运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。

The

successful

launching

of

China’s

first

experimental

communication

satellite,

which

was

propelled by a three- stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation

has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.

3.

< br>石墨晶体结构遭到破坏时，总是碎化为微小尺寸的片状粉末。孤立的石墨烯片在其边缘存

< br>在大量的悬挂键，

使得石墨烯片的能量较高，

状态也不稳 定。

石墨烯片卷曲形成碳纳米管后，

悬挂键减少，系统能量相应 降低。

When

a

graphite

crystal

is

crushed,

it

breaks

into

micro-scaled

laminar

flakes.

There

are

many

dangling

bonds

on

the

edge

of

an

isolated

graphite

micro-sheet which

elevates

its

energy

and

makes it unstable. When a graphite micro-sheet curls into a nanotube, the number of dangling

bonds decreases, and the system energy is reduced accordingly.

4.

舌诊是传统中医诊病的重要方法，然而传统舌诊中存在一个 很大的问题是具有主观性，难

于进行定量化描述。

随着计算机技 术的发展，

图像处理和模式识别技术正在用于舌诊的辅助

诊断。

Tongue

diagnosis

is

an

important

diagnostic

method

in

traditional

Chinese

medicine.

However,

one

important

problem

in

tongue

diagnosis

is

that

its

practice

is

subjective,

qualitative

and

difficult in automated diagnosis. Recently it is a trend to utilize the image processing and pattern

recognition technology in aid of the quantitative analysis of tongue image.

5.

指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的一种 指向仪器，

它和以差动齿轮结

构的指南车不同。

我们现在所说的指南针是个总的名称，

在各个不同的历史发展时期，

不同的形体，也有不同的名称，

如司南、

指南鱼和指南针。关于指南针的最初发明者和发明

年代现在无可查考 。

但是有一点是清楚的：

指南针是我国古代劳动人民在长期的生 产实践中

集体智慧的结晶。

A

magnetic

compass

is

an

instrument

showing

direction

based

on

the

phenomenon

that

a

magnetic bar or needle swinging

freely in the earth’s magnetic field will direct itself to lie in a

magnetic

south-north

position.

It

differs

from

the

south-pointing

chariot

in

that

the

latter

has

differential gearing. The term “compass” in this article includes all the various models in different

historical

periods,

among

them

there

are

the

Sinan,

the

Zhinanyu

and

the

Zhinanzhen.

The

inventor

and

the

exact

invention

dates

remain

unknown,

but

it

is

clear

that

the

primitive

magnetic south-pointing instrument appeared very early in China as a result of the knowledge

people gained over long years of labor.

6.

原油一 般发现地下之深处，只通过对地表面的研究是不能确定油的存在的。因此必须进

行地下岩 石结构的地质勘测。

如果认为某地区的岩石中有油，

就架起钻井 机。

钻井机最显目

的部分是称之为起重机的高塔。

钻孔后放下管道，

起重机就是用来起吊一节节管道的。

钻井

时，将钢管压进孔道，既能防止四壁向内塌陷，又能防止水灌进孔道。一旦发现了 油，油管

的顶端就牢牢地套上一个盖子，这样油便通过一系列的阀门源源不断地喷出来。

As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.

Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is

thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a drilling-rig is assembled. The most obvious

part of a drilling-rig is a tall tower which is called a derrick. The derrick is used to lift sections of

pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is

pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in and to stop water filling the hole. If oil is struck,

a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of

vales.

7.“

苏钢

”

操作的要点是：先把料铁放到炉里鼓风加热， 后把生铁的一端斜放到炉口里加热，

继续鼓风，

使炉内温度不断 升高。

当炉温在摄氏一千三百度左右的时候，

炉内的生铁不断地

往下滴铁水，料铁已经软化。然后钳住生铁块在炉外的一端，

使 铁水均匀淋到料铁上，

并且

不断翻动料铁。这样就产生剧烈的氧 化。淋完以后，停止鼓风，夹出钢团，砧上锤击，去除

夹杂。一般要淋两次。

苏钢

”

冶炼高明的地方 主要有二点：一是料铁组织疏松，含有大量的

氧化夹杂，硅、锰、碳含量也比较高，炼的 时候氧化剧烈，造成一定的渣、铁分离。二是料

铁中铁的氧化物氧化了生铁中的碳以后， 铁便被还原出来，这样就提高了金属的收得率。

The

main

steps

in

processing

su

steel

are

as

follows:

wrought

iron

is

put

into

the

furnace and

heated with a blast, then one end of a cast-iron block is placed obliquely in the furnace opening

to be heated. The blast is maintained so that the temperature continues to rise. When a furnace

temperature

of

about

1,300

℃

is

reached,

the

cast

iron

will

melt

and

start

to

drip,

while

the

wrought

iron

is

softened.

The

cast-iron

block

is

then

held

in

tongs

from

the

outside

to

let

the

molten cast iron drip evenly onto the wrought iron, which is being steadily stirred to cause strong

oxidation.

After

dripping,

the

blast

is

stopped

and

the steel

mass

taken

out

and

hammered

to

remove

impurities.

This

dripping

should

generally

be

done

twice.

Su

steel

smelting

has

two

advantages: ① during the pouring process there is strong oxidation which results in separation

of slag and iron, the wrought iron being soft in structure and containing large amounts of oxide

impurities, and also silicon, man

ganese and carbon. ② after oxides in the wrought iron cause

oxidation

of

the

carbon

in

the

cast

iron,

iron

will

be

deoxidized,

giving

higher

rates

of

metal

reclamation.

8.< /p>

吸拔时先用右手食、中指夹持罐腹，用拇指按压罐底，使气罐变成凹底形状，随后把气罐< /p>

平放于应吸部位上，再用左手拇、食两指固定罐口，右手拇、食两指移到罐腹进行挤捏，使

罐底凸起，一旦罐底变成凹形就可牢固吸着。

First,

clamp

the

belly

part

between

you

right-hand

fore

and

middle

fingers,

press

the

thumb

against the bottom so that the air jar becomes concave; then lay the jar mouth on the part of the

body to be cupped. Second, fix the jar mouth with the left-hand thumb and forefinger, then move

the

right-hand

thumb

and

forefinger

to

squeeze

the

belly

part

so

that

the

bottom

of

the

jar

becomes convex. Once the belly part is concave the jar is cupped tightly.

9.

到了清代康熙年间，我国大规模地开展全国性地图测量工作，绘制《皇舆全图》的时候，

吸取了欧洲制图理论中考虑大地是球面的优点，

进行经纬度测量，

< br>并且采用了地图投影方法。

但是我国传统的制图理论，

讲 求比例尺寸、

方位和距离的准确，

仍然是测绘地图所必须遵守< /p>

的重要原则。

During

the

reign

of

the

Emperor

King

Xi

(1662-1722)

in

the

Qing

Dynasty,

a

complete

geographical

survey

of

the

empire

was

carried

out

in

preparing

Huang

Yu

Quan

Tu

(Complete

Atlas of the Imperial Domain). The European method of regarding the earth’s surface as a sphere

was

adopted.

Latitude

and

longitude

surveys

were

done

and

the

project

method

was

used

in

drawing

the

map.

Nevertheless,

the

traditional

Chinese

rules

of

map-making--

accurate

proportion, correct orientation and precise distance-- were closely adhered to by cartographers

pf those days.

10.

虚拟网络是一种依赖互联网基础设施所提供的传输能力，但又具有独立拓扑结构 和信息

传递规则的应用层网络行为逻辑网络。

人们利用新型耦合 抽象模型考察典型的虚拟网络逻辑

拓扑给互联网整体特性带来的影响。

< br>结构表明在虚拟网络作用下，

节点数据包排队长度存在

相 变特性，

相变临界点比对规则网络发生了明显左移，

网络性能相 对恶化。

当数据包注入速

率小于相变临界速率时，

节点数据包排队长度不相关或短程相关；

在接近临界速率处，

节点

数据包排队长度长程相关，幂指数

H

增大，网络获得更强的长程相关性。同时，在注入速

率大于或等于临界速率时 ，虚拟网络行为使网络呈现出一致的长程相关特性。

A virtual network is defined as a logical network, in which users exhibit their access behaviors.

Virtual

networks

rely

on

physical

computer

networks

like

the

Internet,

but

here

different

topologies, and cause significant influence on the physical networks. A novel two- tier model is

used to study influences of virtual networks to Internet collective behavior. It is shown that the

queue lengths of the node data packets present phase transition characteristics. Moreover, the

phase transition critical point moves to the left and network performance is deteriorated. In a

free flow, the nodes are independent of each other or short-range correlative. In the critical state,

the nodes are long-range correlative, and there exists a higher power exponent H which means

stronger

long-range

correlation.

When

the

system

state

is

on

the

right

of

critical

point,

virtual

network behaviors make the network to present consistent long-range correlative characteristic.

21.

摘要：采用红外扫描 仪、扫描电镜以及电子束诱生电流仪研究了不同温度和不同冷却速

度下原生直拉单晶硅的 铜沉淀规律。

红外扫描仪观察发现：

只有在热处理温度高于

800°

C

的

样品 中才能观察到铜沉淀团，表明在原生单晶硅中铜沉淀温度为

800°

C

。同时，红外扫描仪

和电子束诱生电流谱仪照片显示，< /p>

快冷

（

30K/s

）

时，

形成高密度的小铜沉淀团；

而 慢冷

（

0.3K/s

）

导致低密度、

巨大的星形铜沉淀团的形成。

实验还发现 慢冷所形成的星形铜沉淀团对少数载

流子具有更强的复合强调。最后，讨论了原生直拉单 晶硅中铜沉淀规律的机理。