翻译流派

Introduction to Translation Studies

研究

Study:

a careful examination or analysis of a phenomenon, development, or question. (Longman)

学术研究

Research:

l or systematic search or inquiry

ific or scholarly inquiry;

esp

study or experiment aimed at the discovery, interpretation,

reinterpretation, or implication of (new) facts, theories, or laws. (Longman)

< br>翻译概论

大部分是决策理论，例如翻译目的、标准、技巧方法、原则策略

相关学科理论

用于翻译实践都是基础理论。< /p>

相关学科理论与实践的关系密切程度大体上排列

如下：语言文化对 比、功能语言学、语义学、文体学、修辞学、符号学。

How to define translation ?

1)

Changing ( speech or writing) from one language into another ( Longman Dictionary of

Contemporary English);

2)

Giving the meaning of ( something said or written) inanother language (The Advanced

Learner’s Dictionaryof Current English);

3)

Expressing in another language, systematically,retaining the original sense ( American

HeritageDictionary)

Sub-disciplines of Translation Studies

?

Generallinguistics;

?

Semantics;

?

Pragmatics;

?

Social- linguistics;

?

Semiotics;

?

Stylistics

?

Text-linguistics;

?

Discourse analysis;

?

Rhetoric;

?

Aesthetics;

?

Literary criticism;

Literature

Translation Norms in China

In the modern time the most influential norms were

Yan Fu

’s “ faithfulness, expressiveness and

elegance”

（信、

达、

雅）

on the one hand and

Lu Xun

’s principle “rather to be faithful in

thought

than smooth in the language”

（宁信而不顺）

on the other. Both Yan Fu and Lu Xun laid much

stress on the principle of being faithful in thought.

Yan Fu:

Transaltion involves three requirements difficult to fulfill: faithfulness, expressiveness

and elegance

”

（译事三难

信、达、雅）

faithfulness

—

to be faithful to the content of the original

expressiveness

—

to be as expressive as the original

elegance

—

refinement of written language

Lin Yutang:

faithfulness, smoothness and beauty”

（信、顺、美）

The Art of Life

《生活的艺术》

My Country and My People

《吾国与吾民》

1

Moment in Peking

《京华烟云》

永和九年，岁在癸

(gu

ǐ）丑。暮春之初，会于会

(kuà

i)

稽山阴之兰亭，修禊

(xì

)

事也。群贤毕

至，少长

(zh

ǎ

ng)

咸集。此地有崇山 峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右

,

引以为流觞

(sh

ā

ng)

曲水 ，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。

It

is

the

ninth

year

of

Yonghe

(A.C.353),

also

known

as

the

year

of

Guichou

in

terms

of

the

Chinese lunar calendar. On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which

is

located

in

Shanyin

County,

Kuaiji

Prefecture,

for

dispelling

bad

luck

and

praying

for

good

attendees

of

the

gathering

are

all

virtuous

intellectuals,

varying

from

young

to

old.

Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high

bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook engirdled, which can thereby serve

the

guests

by

floating

the

wine

glasses

on

top

for

their

drinking.

Seated

by

the

bank

of

brook,

people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine

and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instruments.

In his “Translator’s Note to the Balsac’s Works,

Fu Lei

says:

“ So far as the effectiveness is concerned, translation is done just in the same way as the copying

of a painting. What really counts is being alike not in appearance but in spirit.”